浙江省湖州市人教版高三英语教师辅导讲义【非谓语动词-】

1、学员编号：学员姓名：年 级：高三辅导科目：英语课 时 数：3学科教师:授课类型C（非谓语动词作状语，定语和补语）C(非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语)C(易混点解析)授课日期及时段一、引入考情介绍：介绍近几年考点的分布及数量二、专题讲解热点考向 1 非谓语动词作状语1. 主要考点：（1）不定式作状语。不定式作状语通常表示：(a)原因 (多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(b)目的 (可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(c)结果(常表意想不到的结果，常为only to do)。We were very excited to hear t

2、he news. (原因)To get there on time I got up very early. (目的)He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there. (结果) （2）分词作状语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知该做什么，他去找他父母帮忙。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Given more attention,

3、 the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed in（沉溺于）、 born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考中，他没有听到那个声音。2. 突破技巧：（1）把握

4、前后主语一致性，区别现在分词与过去分词；（2）不定式作结果状语为意想不到的结果；分词作结果状语为顺理成章的结果。【真题变式】用动词的适当形式完成句子（全国卷）Tony lent me the money, _（hope） that Id do as much for him. 托尼把钱借给我，希望我也会为他做同样多的事情。 热点考向 2 非谓语动词作定语1. 主要考点：不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词作定语以及区别。2. 突破技巧：（1）把握不定式表示未来，动名词作定语表示用途，现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成；（2）注意不定式to be done形式、过去分词和现在分词bei

5、ng done形式作定语的区别。【真题变式】翻译下面句子（2012·江西高考）John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter offering him it. _热点考向 3 非谓语动词作补语1. 主要考点：常见的需接非谓语动词作补语的结构：（1）“5看2听1感觉”的感官动词“5看”包括see，watch，observe，notice，look at“2听”包括hear，listen to“1感觉”包括feel（2）make，have，get等使役动词后（3）特殊动词、词组、句型：leave，c

6、atch，keep，findadvise/allow/ask等动词+sb. to do sth. Sb. +be said to do sth. 中的不定式作补语。2. 突破技巧：（1）注意作补语的三种形式（to） do/doing/done形式之间的区别。把握动作的主动、进行和被动；（2）注意宾语补足语与主语补足语的区别；（3）把握补语一般由不定式表示未来（不用to的不定式表示动作全过程）；现在分词表示进行、过去分词表示被动、完成。【真题变式】用动词的适当形式完成句子（四川高考）I looked up and noticed a snake _ （wind）its way up the tr

7、ee to catch its breakfast. 三、专题练习1. （安徽高考）_ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. A. To found B. FoundingC. Founded D. Having founded2. （北京高考）_ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. Find B. FindingC. To find D. Found3. （湖南高考）The

8、 sun began to rise in the sky, _ the mountain in golden light. A. bathed B. bathingC. to have bathed D. having bathed4. （湖南高考）_ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. A. Staying B. StayedC. To stay D. Stay5. （北京高考）Volunteering gives you

9、a chance _ lives, including your own. A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change6. （江苏高考）Lionel Messi, _ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. A. set B. settingC. to set D. having set7. （辽宁高考）Laura was away in Paris for over a

10、 week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _ for her. A. waited B. to waitC. waiting D. was waiting8. （新课标全国卷）They might just have a place _ on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try? A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave9. （山东高考）The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in the corn

11、er. A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood10. （北京高考）When we saw the road _ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked11. （陕西高考）Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them. A. to understand B. understandC. understanding D. understo

12、od12. （江苏高考）Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins, the city took on a new look. A. reducing B. reducedC. being reduced D. having reduced16. （宁波模拟）Most of us manage our physical health better than our emotional health, _ problems to cause real harm. A. left B. leavingC. to

13、leave D. having left17. Brendan hurriedly got to the airport, only _ the plane had taken off. A. to find B. to findingC. to be finding D. to have found18._ the good results of the exam, he jumped with joy, _ with a smile on his face. A. Heard; satisfied B. On hearing; satisfyingC. Hearing; satisfied

14、 D. Hearing; being satisfied19. （杭州模拟）The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completedC. completed D. being completed20. This is the first time that Apple has changed the size of the iPhones display, _ 4 inches since the origi

15、nal one was released in 2007. A. measured B. measures C. measure D. measuring21. （宁波模拟）In the reading room, we found him _ at a desk, with his attention _ on a bookA. sitting; fixing B. to sit; fixed C. seating; fixing D. seated; fixed22. （温州模拟）Our director is out. Ill have her _ you on the matter w

16、hen shes back. A. to contact B. contactingC. contact D. contacted四、小结一、复习回顾二、专题讲解热点考向 4 非谓语动词作宾语1. 主要考点：（1）只能跟不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：碰巧希望作决定（happen, hope/wish, decide）；准备同意和答应（prepare, agree, promise）；假装没能安排好（pretend, fail, arrange/plan)；学会拒绝难提供(learn, refuse, offer)；决心设法想得分(determine, manage, intend/expect

17、/want)；一往无前任我行。（2）只能跟动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有否认错过避逃亡(deny, miss, avoid, escape)；承认推迟被禁止(admit, delay, forbid)；考虑建议准完成(consider, suggest, finish)；介意冒险乱想象 (mind, risk, imagine)；答应继续去训练(allow/permit, keep, practise)；设想原谅得欣赏(fancy, excuse/pardon, enjoy/appreciate)。（3）特殊动词及短语跟不定式与动名词作宾语的不同动词接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语remember记

18、得曾做过某事记得要做某事forget忘记曾做过某事忘记要做某事try尝试做某事努力做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着做某事企图(打算)做某事cant help禁不住做某事不能帮助做某事go on继续做未完成的事做完一件事后, 接着做另一件事stop中断正在做的事中断正在做的事, 去做别的事（4）动词allow，advise，permit，forbid后面不出现宾语时直接跟动名词作宾语I allowed going to the park. 我准许去公园。（没有明确宾语）（5）动词need，want，require主语为物时后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意思，相当

19、于不定式的被动形式，在句子中均为宾语The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 窗子需要擦了。（意思为被动）2. 突破技巧：（1）牢记口诀，记熟用法；（2）把握特殊词【真题变式】用动词的适当形式填空（2012·安徽高考）I remembered _（lock）the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 热点考向 5 非谓语动词作主语、表语及独立主格结构1. 主要考点：（1）动名词与不定式作主语： 动名词表示泛指、抽象、反复、习惯；不定式表示具体、一次、

20、打算、未做的动作。Its no use crying over spilt milk. （规律性）覆水难收。To go swimming this night is my opinion. （具体、未做）我的建议是今天晚上去游泳。（2）现在分词、过去分词、不定式、动名词作表语： 现在分词作表语，表示主语的特征，意思“令人”，一般是物作主语；过去分词作表语说明主语的心理状态，主语是承受者，表示的是被动。动名词、不定式作表语与作主语是一样的，可以表语、主语互换。Teaching is my job. =My job is teaching. （3）独立主格结构中的分词和不定式如果分词作状语的逻辑主

21、语不是句子的主语，要在分词前面加上它自己的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构，其作用相当于状语从句或定语从句；有时也用with复合结构（with+宾语+宾语补足语）作状语。 The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say. 女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 He is going to

22、make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 2. 突破技巧：（1）分析句子的主谓语是否一致，如果不一致就可以用独立主格结构；（2）弄清独立结构中宾语与后面补语的关系，然后用相应的形式，尤其是不定式和分词形式。【真题变式】用动词的适当形式填空 （陕西高考）If he takes on this work, he will have nochoice but _（meet）an even greater challenge. The party will be held in the garden, weather

23、 permitting. 【参考答案】The party will be held in the garden, weather _. A. permitting B. permitsC. permitted D. to permit三、专题练习1. （福建高考）_ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known2. （浙江高考）_ how others react to the book you

24、 have just read creates an added pleasure. A. Hearing B. HearC. Having heard D. To be hearing3. （重庆高考）The engine just wont start. Something seems _ wrong with it. A. to go B. to have goneC. going D. having gone4. （杭州模拟） I can hardly imagine the difficulty she had _ enough evidence to prove that she

25、was innocent. A. collected B. to collect C. to have collected D. collecting5. Global warming has led to many rivers and lakes _ these years. A. drying off B. drying up C. to dry off D. to dry up6._ merely on what the average is, and youll remain average. A. Focusing B. Focused C. Focus yourself D. I

26、f you are focused 四、小结一、复习回顾二、专题精讲易错点 1 误用逻辑主语（母题）To rescue the villagers in Yaan in time, _ for them. A. the army brought a lot of food B. a lot of food was brought C. the villagers got a lot of food D. the villagers brought a lot of food（变式）The army brought a lot of food for them, _ the villagers

27、in Yaan in time. A. rescuing B. to rescueC. rescued D. being rescued【误区点拨】把握前后主语的逻辑关系，防止前后主语不搭配，动作发出者有矛盾的现象。 易错点 2 误用分词被动形式（母题）Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A. realizing B. realizedC. to realize D. being realized（

28、变式）_ from his parents, and realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A. Being pressed B. PressingC. To press D. Pressed【误区点拨】正确分析主谓关系；辨析过去分词表示“被动、完成”；现在分词的进行时表示“主动、进行”的区别。三、专题练习1. (浙江高考)“It s such a nice place, ”Mother said as she sat at the table

29、for customers. A. to be reserved B. having reservedC. reserving D. reserved2. (北京高考)When we saw the roadwith snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to blockC. blocking D. blocked3. (四川高考)Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car. A. washed B. washC. washing D

30、. to wash4. (湖南高考)Time, correctly, is money in the bank. A. to use B. used C. using D. use5. (北京高考)with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use6. (辽宁高考)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dogthem. A. to follow B. followingC. follo

31、wed D. follows7. (兰州模拟)Fireworks, of gun powder or flash powderin a tight paper tube, make the big flash or boom effect. A. consisting; wrappingB. consisting; wrappedC. consisted; wrappedD. being consisted; wrapped8. (兖州模拟)How about the partyat Mary s house? Wonderful! Everyone had a good time. A. h

32、olding B. to holdC. being held D. held9. (湖州模拟)Studies show that studentsto too much pressure tend to develop mental problems. A. exposing B. being exposedC. to expose D. exposed10. (上饶模拟)I wish that the elderly would live in comfort without worry or health problems in the years. A. left B. leavingC

33、. to leave D. being left11. (成都模拟)Friends are like leaves, everywhere, but true friends are like diamonds, precious and rare. A. to find B. findingC. found D. being found12. (西安模拟)If you go to Xi an, you will find the places there more magnificent than commonly. A. supposing B. supposedC. to suppose

34、 D. suppose13. I don t think it sto the ceiling very securely. Don t worry. It won t. A. fixing; drop B. fixed; dropC. fixing; be dropped D. fixed; be dropped14. (杭州模拟)You may make more mistakes if your paper is left. Thanks a lot. And would you give me some advice on how to polish it? A. being unch

35、ecked B. to be uncheckedC. to check D. unchecked15. (天津模拟)Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagueswith her stories. A. amused B. amusingC. to amuse D. to be amused16. (嘉兴模拟)By the age of two, Heidi could count to 40, draw pictures of people, and read booksfor seven-year-olds.

36、 A. meaning B. meantC. being meant D. to mean17. (北京模拟)Some seemingly harmless blogs might become harmful whenon the Internet by millions of people. A. to read B. readingC. read D. being read18. (天津模拟)such a warm Sunday, my family decided to pay a visit to the seaside. A. It being B. BeingC. It been

37、 D. It was19. (石家庄模拟)Mary received an invitation to the Christmas party, but with her homework, she refused it unwillingly. A. unfinished B. unfinishingC. having unfinished D. was unfinished20. With big handbagsa key fashion accessory for working women, health experts are warning they can also becom

38、e a key health concern. A. become B. becameC. to become D. becoming21. too much for his intelligence, Harry often overlooks the importance of effort. A. Praised B. Having praisedC. Praising D. Being praised22. Experts say this explains why drugsto treat one form of breast cancer may not work to cure

39、 another form. A. to use B. usingC. used D. use23. more tourists, travel agencies from both China and the DPRK have developed a package of new products. A. Attracting B. AttractedC. To attract D. Having attracted四、小结课后作业1.how to hold the party for several days,the children finally reached an agreeme

40、nt.A.DiscussedB.DiscussingC.To discussD.Having discussed2.(海宁模拟)Leaning against the sofa in the living room,up at me,is a little brown girl,pretty in pink.A.looksB.lookingC.to lookD.looked3.Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients dont take medicine.A.like directedB.to be directedC.as direc

41、tedD.so that directed4.(温州模拟)about their choice of major,most first-year college students feel much stressed.A.Having worriedB.WorriedC.WorryD.To worry5.(天津模拟)In college,Spring Break is usually associated with the beach,parties and sleepless nights,about relaxation and free time.A.bringB.broughtC.br

42、ingingD.to bring6.(上海模拟)The media center for the 18th CPC national congress launched its official websiteservice to both domestic and overseas press and readers.A.being offeredB.offeredC.having offeredD.to offer7.(原创)Chinese writer Mo Yan,the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature,is making headline news i

43、n China.A.wonB.winningC.to winD.being won8.A special danceGangnam Style has raised a worldwide storm nowadays.A.callingB.being calledC.calledD.to be called9.(福州模拟)Every year,nearly 270 million pounds of grapes arrive in California,most of themfrom Chile to the Port of Los Angeles.A.are shippedB.is s

44、hippedC.shippingD.shipped10.Im calling to enquire about the positionin todays China Daily.A.advertisedB.to be advertisedC.having advertisedD.advertising11.(海口模拟)The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs notspecific qualifications.A.requiringB.to be requiredC.being requiredD.to have requ

45、ired12.(嘉兴模拟)When a person is absent-minded,he is likely to miss key informationon to him.A.passingB.passedC.having passedD.been passed13.During the opening ceremony,“Miss smile”has won the hearts of Chinese Internet users after being caughtup the same smile for nearly 20 minutes.A.keptB.keepingC.to

46、 be keptD.to keep14.The guests left most of the dishes,because they did not taste delicious.A.untouchedB.to be untouchedC.being untouchedD.untouching15.(兰州模拟)Hearing the 2012 London Olympic Games,all the people in the world burst into cheers.A.declared to be openedB.declaring to be openedC.declared

47、openD.declaring open16.(西安模拟)the room,the nurse found the tape recorder.A.Entering;stealingB.Entering;goneC.To have entered;being stolenD.Having entered;to be stolen17.I think we cant repair the damaged car in the small town.We are consideringto Beijing to have it repaired.A.to goB.goingC.to have go

48、neD.having gone18.(包头模拟)Whats it that cost him the job?experience.He was always very nervous.A.LackedB.Being lackedC.LackingD.To be lacked19.With lots of trees and flowershere and there,our campus looks very beautiful.A.plantedB.are plantedC.to be plantedD.planting20.I wont drive my car at this time tomorrow.in a heavy traffic jam is really too bad.A.StuckB.Having stuckC.Being stuckD.To stick答案解析1.【解析】选D。考查现在分词的完成式作时间状语。句意:几天来讨论了如何举办聚会,孩子们最后达成了协议。孩子们是“讨论”动作的发出者并且在达成协议前完成。2.【解析】选B。考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意:斜靠着起居室的沙发,抬头盯着我看的是一个棕色皮肤的小女孩,穿着粉红色的衣服。此处looking up at.为leaning的伴随状语,整个句子