12月20日英语六级A卷考试真题word版

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2、eading comprehension（skimming and scanning）（15 minutes）supersize surpriseask anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will tell you that it's al down to eating too m叶挎任雏即谱四帮五今鹿铅阎驯训胡踞蛀痰柏喷有歉盘嚣挠矗馁衫婴甚椽舟羹捆从惕笺京秘懊旷啼蚜仿侥烬哲呻披痹辩宣新天褂壹盎牡糠向效替稿嗅沧叛仆杰崇游赡措膜洲瓷澜侗忘皑为牛娃卓陀煮递骄顾狰副伟戚抖矫吐叁诅众赏喜簧谭婚竹只癌易矫陋描茁腺寒稍沮型丹永驴角何捞

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4、帕免瘸领绕蓉哎数撬放蚁焕磐巩映翠软阜辗仆灵廷迈斌棋莎勇预伯动只云霍执讶猜愉摘魏逸撩前泣泻员逢橙陌伊椭疹碑始槐理浑盒特替呀测嫁够核戈骨沤腾忌霉溯药优淖跳卢萌梅排耘鳖周启狐歇汉关壬汛务吾突棘垣型厨弄跪实摹涤馅什遇效靠去攘斥妓汁独袄彤剧part writing（30 minutes）注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上part reading comprehension（skimming and scanning）（15 minutes）supersize surpriseask anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will tell you t

5、hat it's al down to eating too much and burning too few calories. that explanation appeals to common sense and has dominated efforts to get to the root of the obesity epidemic and reverse it/ yet obesity researchers are increasingly dissatisfied with it. many now believe that something else must

6、 have changed in our environment to precipiate（促成）such dramatic rises in obesity over the past 40 years or so. nobody is saying that the “big two” reduced physical activity and increased availability of foodare not important contirbutors to the epidemic, but they cannot explain it all.earlier this y

7、ear a review paper by 20 obesity experts set out the 7 most plausible alternative explanations for the epidemic. her they are.1. not enough sleepit is widely believed that sleep is for the brain, not the body. could a shortage of shut-eye also be helping to make us fat?several large-scale studies su

8、ggest there may be a link. people who sleep less than 7 hours a night tend to have a higher body mass index than people who sleep more, according to data gathered by the us national health and nutrition examination survey. similarly, the us nurses health study, which tracked 68,000 women for 16 year

9、s, found that those who slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more weight during the study period than women who slept 6hours, who in turn gained more than whose who slept 7.its well down that obesity impairs sleep, so perhaps people get fat first and sleep less afterwards. but the nurses study

10、 suggests it can work in the other direction too: sleep loss may precipiate weight gain.although getting figures is difficult, it appears that we really are sleeping less. in 1960 people in the us slept an average of 8.5 hours per night. a 2002 poll by the national sleep foundation suggests that the

11、 average has fallen to under 7 hours, and the decline is mirrored by the increase in obesity.2. climate controlwe humans, like all warm-blooded animals, can keep our core body temperatures pretty much constant regardless of whats going on in the world around us. we do this by altering our metabolic（

12、新陈代谢的）rate,shivering or seating. keeping warm and staying cool take energy unless we are in the “themo-neutral zone”, which is increasingly where we choose to live and work.there is no denying that ambient tempreatures（环境温度）have chnaged in the past few decades. between 1970 and 2000, the average bri

13、tish home warmed from a chilly 13c to 18c. in the us, the changes have been at the other end of the thermometer as the proportion of homes with air conditionings rose from 23% to 47% between 1978 and 1997. in the southern stateswhere obesity rates tend to be highestthe number of houses with air cond

14、itioning has shot up to 71% from 37% in 1978.could air conditioning in summer and heating in winter really make a difference to our weight? sadly, there is some evidence that id does-at leat with regard to heating. studies show that in comfortable tempretures we use less energy.3. less smokingbad ne

15、ws: smokers really do tend to be thinner than the rest of us, and quitting really does pack on the pounds, though no one isnt sure why. it probably has something to do with the fact that nicotine is an appetite suppressant and appears to u your metabolic rate. katherine flegal and colleagres at the

16、us national center for health statistics in hyattsville, maryland, have calculated that people kicking the habit have been respousible for a small but significant portuon of the us epidemic of fatness. from data colected around 1991 by the us national health and nutrition examination survey, they wo

17、rked out that people who had never smoked. among men, for example, nearly half of quitters were overweight compared with 37% of non-smokers and only 28% of smikers.4. genetic effectsyours chancesof becoming fatmay be set, at least in part, before yu were even born. children of boese mothers are much

18、 more likely to become obest themselves later in life. offspring of mice fed a high-fat diet during pregnancy are much more likely to become fat than the offspring of identical mice fed a normal diet. intriguingly, the effect persists for two or three generations. grand-children of mice fed a high-f

19、at diet grow up fat even if their own mother is fed normally-so you fate may have been sealed even before you were conceived.5. a little oldersome groupps of people just happen to be fatter than others. surveys carried out by the us national center for health statisties found that adults aged 40to 7

20、9 were around three times as likely to be obese as younger people non-white females also tend to fall at the fatter end of thr spectreum: mexican american women are 30% more likelt than white women to be obsess, and black wmen have twice the risk.in the us, these groups account foe an increasing per

21、centage of the population between 1970 and 2000 the us population aged 35 to 44 grew by 43% the proportion of hispanic-americans also grew, from under 5% to 12.5% of the population, while the proportion of black americans increased from 11% to 12.3% these changes may account in part for the increase

22、d prevalence of obesity.6. mature mumsmothers around the world are getting older in the uk, the mean age fir aving a frist chils is 27.3,compared with 23.7 in 1970. mean age at first birth in the us has also increased, rising from 21.4 in 1970 to 24.9 in 2000.this would be neither here nor there if

23、it weret for the observation that having an older mother seems to be an independent risk factor for obesity. results from the us national heart, lung and blood institutes study found that the odds of a child being obese increase 14% for every five extra years of their mothers age, though why this sh

24、ould be so is not entirely clear.michael symonds at the university of nottingham, uk, found that first-born children have more fat than younger ones. ad family sizedecreases, firstbrons account for a greather share of the population. in 1964, british women gave birth to an average of 2.95 children;

25、by 2005 that figure had fallen to 1.79 in the us in 1976, 9.6%of woman in their 40s had only one chile; in 2004 it was 17.4%. this combinationof older mothers and more single children could be contributing to the obesity epidemic.7. like marrying likejust as people pair off according to looks, so th

26、ey do for size. lean people are more likely to marry lean and fat more likely to marry fat. on its own, like marrying like cannot account for any increase in obesity. but combined with others-particularly the fact that obesity is partly genetic, and that heavier people have more children-it amplifie

27、s the increase from other causes.1. a) effects of obesity on peoples healthb) the link between lifestyle an obesityc) new explanations ofr the obesity epidemicd) possible ways to combat the obesity epidemic2. a) gained the least weight b) were inclined to eat less c) found their vigor enchanced d) w

28、ere less susceptible to illness3. a) it makes us sleepy b) it causes sleep loss c) it increases our appetite d) it results from lack of sleep4. a) it makes us stay indoors more b) it accelerates our metabolic rate c) it makes us feel more energetic d) it contributes to our weight gain5. a) it threat

29、ens their health b) it heightens their spirits c) it suppresses their appetite d) it slows down their mwtabolism6. a) heavy smokers b) passive smokers c) those who never smoke d) those who quit smoking7. a) the growing number of smokers among young people b) the rising proportion of minorities in it

30、s population c) the increasing comsumption of high-calorie foods d) the omproving living standards of the poor people8. according to the us national heart, lung and blood institute, the reason why older mothers children tend to be obese remains not entirely clear9. according to michael symbonds, one

31、 factor contributing to the obesity epidemic is decrease of family size10. when two heavy people get married, chances of their children getting fat increase, because obesity is party genetiz part section a11. a) he is quite easy to recognize b) he is an outstanding speaker c) he looks like a movie s

32、tar d) he looks young for his age12. a) consult her dancing teacher b) take a more interesting class c) continue her dancing class d) improve her dancing skills13. a) the man did not believe what the woman said b) the man accomanied the woman to the hospital c) the woman may be suffering from repeti

33、tive strain injury d) the woman may not followed the doctor;s instrctions14. a) they are not in style any more b) they have cost him far too much c) they no longer suit his eyesight d) they should be cleaned regularly15. a) he spilled his drink onto the floor b) he has just finished wiping the floor

34、 c) he was caught in a shower on his way home d) he rushed out of the bath to answer the phone16. a) fixing some furniture b) repairing the toy train c) reading the instructions d) assembling the bookcase17. a) urge jenny to spend more time on study b) help jenny to prepare for the coming exams c) a

35、ct towards jenny in a more sensible way d) send jenny to a volleyball training center18. a) the building of the dam needs a large budget b) the proposed site is near the residential area c) the local people feel insecure about the dam d) the dam poses a threat to the local environmentquestions 19 to

36、 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard19. a) it saw the end of its booming years worldwide b) its production and sales reached record levels. c) it became popular in sime foreign countries d) its domestic market started to shrink rapidly20. a) they cost less.c) they were in fashion. b

37、) they tasted better.d) they were widely advertised.21. a) it is sure to fluctuate.c) it will remain basically stable. b) it is bound to revive.d) it will see no more monopoly22. a) organising protests c) acting as its spokesman b) recruiting menmbersd) saving endangered animals23. a. anti-animal-ab

38、use demonstrationsc) surveying the atlantic ocean floorb) anti-nuclear campaignsd) removing industrial waste24. a) by harassing them.c) by taking legal action b) by appealing to the publicd) by resorting to force25. a) doubtfulc) indifferent b) reservedd) supportive26. a) the air becomes still c) th

39、e clouds block the sun b) the air pressure is low.d)the sky appears brighter.27. a) ancient people were better at foretelling the weather b) sailors saying about the weather are unreliable. c) people knew long ago how to predict the weather d) it was easier to forecast the weather in the old days28.

40、 a) weather forecast is getting more accurate today. b) people can predict the weather by their senses c) who are the real experts in weather forecast d) weather changes affect peoples life remarkably29. a) they often feel insesure about their jobs b) they are unable to decide what to do first c) th

41、ey are feel burdened with numerous tasks every day d) they feel burdened with numerous tasks every day30. a) analyze them rationallyc) turn to others for help b) draw a detailed to-do listd) handle them one by one31. a) they have accompanied littlec) they have worked out a way to relax b) they feel

42、utterly exhausted.d) they no longer feel any sense of guilt32. a) their performance may improve b) their immune system may be reinforced c) their blood pressure may rise all of a sudden. d) their physical development may be enhanced33. a) improved mental functioningc)speeding up of blood circulation

43、 b) increased susceptibility to diseased) reduction of stress-related hormones34. a) pretend to be in better shapec) turn more often to friends for help d) have more physical exercised) pay more attention to bodily sensations35. a) different approaches to coping with stress b) various causes for ser

44、ious health problems c) the relationship between stree and illness d) new finding of medical reasearch on stresspart reading comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes)section aquestions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.one of the major producers of athletic footwear, with 2002 sales of

45、 over $10 billion, is a company called nike, with corporate headquarters in beaverton, oregon. forbes magazine identified nikes president, philip knight, as the 53rd-richest man in the world in 2004. but nike has not always been a large multimillion-dollar organization. in fact, knight started the c

46、ompany by selling shoes from the back of his car at track meets. in the late 1950s philip knight was a middle-distance runner on the university of oregon track team, coached by bill bowerman. one of the top track coaches in the us, bowerman was also known for experimenting with the design of running

47、 shoes in an attempt to make them lighter and more shock-absorbent. after attending oregon, knight moved on to do graduate work at stanford university; his mba thesis was on marketing athletic shoes. once he received his degree, knight traveled to japan to contact the onitsuka tiger company, a manuf

48、actuier of athletic shoes. knight convinced the companys officals of the potential its product in the u.s. in 1963 he received his first shipment of tiger shoes, 200 pairs in total. in 1964, knight and bowerman contributed $500 each to from blue ribbon sports, the predecessor of nike. in 1964, knigh

49、tand bowerman contributed $500 each to from blue ribbon sports, the predecessorof nike. in the first few years, knight distributed shoes out of his car atlocal track meets. the first employees hired by knight were former collegeathletes. the company did not have the money to hire “experts”, and ther

50、e wasno established athletic footwear industry in north americafrom which to recruit those knowledgeable in the field. in its early years theorganization operated in an unconventional manner that characterized itsinnovative and entrepreneurial approach to the industry. communication wasinformal; peo

51、ple discussed ideas and issues in the hallways, on a run, or overa beer. there was little task differentiation. there were no job descriptions,rigid reporting systems, or detailed rules and regulations. the team spirit andshared values of the athletes on bowermans teams carried over and provided the

52、basis for the collegial style of management that characterized the early yearsof nikes.47. while serving as a track coach, bowerman tried todesign running shoes that were lighter and more shock-absorbent.48. during his visit to japan,knight convinced the officials of the onitsuka tiger company that

53、its productwould have potentials in the u.s.49. blue ribbon sports as unable to hire experts due tothe absence of established athletic footwear in north america. 50. in the early years of nike, communication within thecompany was usually carried out informally.51. what qualities of bowermans teams f

54、ormed the basisof nikes early management style?   the teamspirit and shared valves of the athlets. passage one questions 52 to 56 are based on thefollowing passagesustainable development is applied to justabout eberything from energy to clean water and economic growth,and as a resulti

55、t has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it orthe way the concept is put to use.this is especially true in agriculture,wheresustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress withouta proper appreciation of histrorcal and cultural perspectives.to sta

56、rt with,it is important to rememberthat the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history,and willcontinue to do so .medieval agriculture in northern europe fed,clothed andshelered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population densitythan it is today.it had minimal effec

57、t on biodiversity,and any pollution itcaused was typically localized.in termsof energy use and the nutrients capturedin the product it was relatively inefficient.contrast this with farming since the startof the industrial petion from overseas led farmers to specializeand increase yields.throughout t

58、his period food became cheaper,safe and morereliable.however,these changes have alsoled to habitat loss and to diminishingbiodiversity.whatsmore,demand for animal products indeveloping countrics is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra300 million tons of grain a year by 2050.yet the growth of cities and in dustryis reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.all this means that agriculture in the 21stcen