定语从句导学案

1、定语从句导学案轻松一刻：“婚姻”这些词你如何给“成功”、“银行家”、“人类”下定义呢？现在我们来看看这几则定义吧:1. SUCCESSA successful man is one who makes more money than his wife can spend.A successful woma n is one who can find such a man.2. A ban ker is a fellow who lends you his umbrella whe n the sun is shining, but wants it back the minute it beg

2、ins to rain.3. Human beings are the only creatures on earth that allow their children to come back home.4. Beauty is the first prese nt n ature gives to woma n and the first it takes away.5. Marriage is an institution in which a man loses his bachelor's degree and the woman gets her master's

3、.怎么样？是谁在说定语从句枯燥无趣的？我们再来看看充满智慧的名言，给它们添加上合适的关系词:1 . A friendyou buy with prese nts will be bought from you.用礼物 买来”的朋友终会被买走。2. Frie ndship is the golde n threadties the hearts of all the world.友谊是一根金线，把全世界的心连在一起。3. Chan ces favor the mi ndsare prepared.机遇总是降临到时刻做好准备的人身上。4. If you wait, allhappe ns is t

4、hat you get older.如果你等待，发生的仅仅你变老。5. Hefalls today, may rise tomorrow.今日茨败的人，也许明日就会奋起。6. The worst bankrupt is the personhas lost his enthusiasm.最惨的破产就是丧失自己的热情。7. Courage is the ladder onall the other virtues mount.勇气是一架梯子，其他美德全靠它爬上去.08. Never leave that un til tomorrow,you can do today .今天的事不要拖到明天。9

5、. Love should be a treeroots are deep in the earth, butbran ches exte nd intoheave n.爱情之树应该深深扎在泥土中，而其枝条则要伸展于广阔的天空。10. Home is the place,whe n you have to go there , it has to take you in.无论何时何地家永远是向游子敞开大门的地方。11. The only thi ngwill stop you from fulfilli ng your dreams is you.惟一阻挡你实现梦想的就是你自己12. The

6、diet ionary is the only placesuccess comes before work.只有在字典中，成功”才会出现在 工作”之前。13. The shortest wordI know is “ I ”The sweetest wordI know is "love".The onlypers onI n ever forget is "you!"（不必翻译了吧？你懂的！）现在请你看看下面的答案，看自己做对了多少：1. （who/that/whom） 2. which/that 3. which/that4. that（先行词是指

7、物的不定代词时一般用 that） 5. who/that 6. who/that 7. which （介词后不用that哟）8. which （先行词是that,我们就别重复用了吧，还有，看到逗号了吧？这是一句非限制性定语从句）9. whose, whose10.where 11. that 12. where 13.这三句甜言蜜语中的关系代词 that均可省略重视内涵本质掌握定语从句的用法，必须突破以下难关:我们见到定语从句时一定要仔细分析一下定语从句的含义。不要一见到先行词是时间 或者地点名词就用when或where引导，而应看看引导词在定语从句中应作什么成份。如果 作时间、地点或原因状语

8、才能用 when，where和why。也能够分析一下定语从句中是否有主 语或宾语。如果既有主语又有宾语，能够用when, where或why引导；假若没有主语和宾语， 那么就要考虑是否用that或which来引导了。女口： A. Do you still remember the daywe met?B. Do you remember the daywe spent with professor Li in Xi ' an?这两句话里都含有表示时间的先行词“ the day”。那么，我们试着分析一下：A句从 句中有主语“ We”，也有在此处做不及物动词的“ met”，因而，我们能够说

9、先行词“the day ” 既没有作该从句的主语，也没有作宾语，所以只能用关系副词when引导，相当于“on which” 也就是“ on the day”的意思。而B句中主语是“ we”，宾语没有在“ spent”后出现。因为“spent”是个及物动词，故其引导词只能用在从句中充当宾语的关系代词“which”或“that”来引导了。类似的例子还有：£L C. This is the placewe visited last year.A. where B、which C、to which D、by which）. （选B . which是关系代词作宾语，指物）D. We will

10、visit the place he worked three years ago.A. where B、which C、that D、by which）.（选A. where是关系副词作状语）。E. I went to Beiji ng last year, I visited the Great Wall.（A. when B、where C、which D. that）在这句话里where也是关系副词作状语。但从形式上看主句和从句用逗号隔开，从内容上看从句对先行词作了补充说明而不是修饰限制。所以它是一个非限制性定语从句。（弱弱的问一句：你知道限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别吗？）、

11、重视细节要求当关系代词引导一个定语从句并且在从句中充当宾语时，该从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词；如果不是，就要在该动词后加上相对应介词。如果关系代词为which或whom，则要将介词放在 which或whom前。注意下面的句子；A. This is the book (that) I have leanned a lot from.B. This is the book from which I have lear ned a lot.上面两个句子意思都是“这就是那本让我获益非浅的书”，但因为第二句由关系代词which引导，介词from必须放在 which之前。C. Do you know t

12、he man (that) she was talking to?D. Do you know the man to whom she was talking?你理解和她说话的那个人吗？(两句中的to是否常常被你忘掉？)E. The house (that) he is liv ing in is now a shop.F. The house in which he is liv ing is now a shop.他现在居住的房子现在是一个商店。(道理同上，注意in的位置。)三、知其一还要知其二定语从句中关系代词 who指人，是主格，在从句中做主语；whom是宾格，在从句中作宾语；whos

13、e是所有格，在从句中作定语，是定语从句中表示所属关系的引导词，意为“的”，既能够指人，也能够指物。不过，有些同学只知道whose意为“谁的”，只能表示人的所属关系，这是一种错误的理解，应该纠正过来。如：A. He is talking with the girl whose brother is my classmate.他正在和那个弟弟是我同学的女孩说话。B. This is the boy whose father is our En glish teacher.这就是那个父亲是我们英语教师的男孩。C. He lives in a house whose win dow ope ns to

14、 the south.他住在一间窗户朝南开的房子里。(whose意为“房子的”)I have just bought a new bike whose color is white.我刚买了一辆白颜色的自行车。(whose意为“新自行车的”)四、一山不容二虎，有 which没that，有that没whichthat与which都能够修饰表示物的先行词。于是，只要一见到表示物的先行词，你 老人家都用这两个关系代词引导。殊不知，有些情况下只能用that引导，不能用which ；有些情况下只能用which引导，不能用that。1. 先行词为 all、everything、something、anyt

15、hing、nothing时只能用that引导。A. I ' like to tell you something that will make you surprised.我想告诉一件使你感到惊奇的事。B. I ' tell you everything/all (that) I saw in the United States.我会把在美国看到的事情告诉你。2. 先行词被数词，最高级形容词以及 the very、the only、thelast等修饰时只能用that引导。A. That is the only English book (that) he bought fro

16、m the bookstore yesterday.这就是他昨天从书店买的唯一的那本英语书。B. Agriculture was the most important invention that led to the beg inning ofcivilizatio n.农业是导致文明开始的最重要的发明。C. This is the very pen （that） he is look ing for. 这正是他在寻找的钢笔。3. 先行词中既有人又有物时只能用that引导A. Henry and his dog that appeared in street last week disapp

17、eared mysteriously in the forest yesterday.亨利和他的小狗上周还在街上，昨天又神秘地消失在树林里。B. We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我们访问过的老师和参观过的学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。4. 先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。A. It is a dictionary that will help you a lot.这是本对你很有协助的字典。B. He is no Ion ger the man that he was

18、 in our uni versity.他再也不是我们大学时的他了。5. 关系代词前有介词时不用that。This is the house _in_ which I lived ten years ago.这就是我十年前住过的房子。6. 先行词本身是that时不用that。（免得让人以为是磕巴）I will tell you that which he said yesterday. 我会告诉你他昨天说的话。7. 弓I导非限制性定语从句时不用that。（注意非限制性定语从句前有小逗逗哟）A. I have lost my mobile pho ne, which is bought by m

19、y father. 我丢了手机，那是我爸爸为我买的。B. She en tered a tech ni cal college, which made her mother very happy.她上了一所技术学院，这使她母亲非常高兴。五、不甘居人后的ASas，你知道它能够引导原因状语从句、时间状语从句和方式状语从句。不过，有时它也可与“ which ”一样，引导一个非限制性定语从句，代表主句所要表达的内容。A. She was ill yesterday, which made her mother very worried. 她昨天病了，这使她母亲非常担心。B. Eating too mu

20、ch, as is well known, is not good for our health. （as 译为“正如” ） 正如大家所知道的那样，吃的过多对我们的健康不好。C. He opposed the idea, as could be expected.D. As could be expected, he opposed the idea.正如所预料那样，他反对这个观点。定语从句中，有且只有as引导的定语从句可放在句首，当然也可放在句中或句尾。 例如：A. As is known to us all, the earth tur ns around the sun.B. The e

21、arth, as is known to us all, tur ns around the sun.C. The earth tur ns around the sun, as is known to us all.六、注意定语从句的主谓一致性关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如:A. Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.B. Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA.七、保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠1.在定语从句中，不管出现任何情

22、况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓 语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较：A. Is this factorywe visited last week?B. Is this the factorywe visited last week?A. which B. where C. what D. the one分析：第一题，你能够先把句子变成陈述句：This factory iswe visited last week.变完后你是否发现句子缺少表语，只有填 D项才能保持主句的完整性？第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作visited的宾语，故应选A项。2. 在定

23、语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词独立地或与相对应的介词一起在定语从句中充当了一定的成分，所以在定语从句中就不能再出现与关系代（副）词重叠的成分。例如：错句：Is this the train that they took it last Sun day?分析：该题中that已经代替先行词the train在定语从句中充当及物动词took 的宾语，故重叠出现的宾语it必须删去。A. whe n总来说之，突破了以上七道难关，定语从句中的难题便会迎刃而解。真正的快乐来源于挑战成功。试试近两年的高考题,看看学习效果吧！1（2011 天津卷）10. The days are gonephysi

24、cal stren gth wasall you n eeded to make a liv ing.B. thatC. whereD. which2. （2011 江西卷）34.She showed the visitors around the museum, the constructionhastake n more tha n three years.A. for whichB.with whichC. of whichD.to which3. （2011 四川卷）17.The school shop, customers are mainly students,is closed

25、for theholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whe nD.where4. （2011 北京卷）26. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ofcourse, made all the others upset.A. who B. which C. what D. that5. （2011 陕西卷）11walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,we enjoyed asple ndid view of the lake .A.whichB. wh

26、ereC. whoD.that6. （2011 全国 II ）7. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt,isa stupid thing to do in such weather.A. this B. that C. what D. which7. （2011 江苏卷）24. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval（休息时间）,the audie nee can buy ice-cream.A. whenB. whereC. thatD.

27、 which8. （2011 全国新课标卷）31. The prize will go to the writer story shows the mostimagi nati on.A. thatB. whichC. whose D. what9. （2011 浙江卷）8.English is a Ianguage shared by several diverse（多样的cultures ,each ofuses it somewhat differe ntly .A. whichB. whatC. them D. those10. （ 2009 浙江卷）14. I have reache

28、d a point in my life I amsupposed to make decisi ons of my own.A which B where C how D why11. （2011 湖南卷）25.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of she spokeflue ntly.A whoB whomC whichD them12. （2011 安徽卷）28. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator ,it will keepfor two or

29、three weeks.A. whe n B. which C. where D. while13. （2011 山东卷）32.The old town has narrow streets and small housesare built close toeach other.A. they B. whereC. what D. that14. （2011 福建卷） 24. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her studentsallowsthem to com muni cate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. whatD. who15. （ 10 福建）24. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planetlifehas developed gradually.A. that B. where C. which D.