必修5 Unit4 Making the news核心语言知识梳理

1、必修5 Unit4 Making the news核心语言知识梳理一、必修 5 Unit 4单元必背词汇1. journalist n. 记者；新闻工作者2. involve vt. 牵涉；涉及；包括；使参与（卷入） be involved in包含在.; 与.有关; 被卷入; 专心地(做)be involved with涉及become involved in卷入, 陷入get involved with给.缠住be involved in trouble卷入纠纷be involved in disaster陷入不幸a task which involves much difficulty困

2、难重重的任务Clouds involved the mountain top.云雾笼罩山头。He was involved in working out a plan.他专心致志地制订计划。3. editor n. 编辑4. photograph n. 照片 vt. 给照相5. photographer n. 摄影师6. photography n. 摄影7. unforgettable abj. 难忘的； 永远记得的an unforgettable experience.一个不会被遗忘的经验8. assignment n. 任务；分配9. delighted adj 快乐的；欣喜的10. a

3、dmirable adj. 值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的;11. unusual adj. 不同寻常的；独特的12. assist vt. 帮助；协助；援助assist sb. with a task帮助某人做某事assist at a graduation ceremony参加毕业典礼13. assistant n. 助手；助理；售货员14. submit vt. 递交；呈递（文件等）;提交, 委托;主张, 认为, 建议submit a plan提出一项计划submit a case to the court向法院提出诉讼I submit that this should be allowed .

4、我想这是可以允许的。I submit to your wise judgement.我接受你的明智的判断。虚拟语气系统复习（一）15. profession n. 职业；专业16. professional adj. 专业的；职业的 n. 专业人员17. colleague n. 同事18. eager adj. 渴望的；热切的19. concentrate vt. 集中；聚集20. concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于21. amateur n. 业余爱好者22. update vt. 更新；使现代化23. acquire vt. 获得；取得；学到We must work hard

5、 to acquire a good knowledge of English.我们必须用功学习才能精通英语。We must cherish experience acquired at the cost of blood.我们必须珍惜用鲜血换来的经验。24. assess vt. 评估；评定25. inform vt. 告知；通知汉语可说“通知某人做某事”，但英语不说 inform sb to do sth，可改用inform 后接宾语从句。inform一词的常见搭配：be informed of 听说; 接到.的通知be rightly /wrongly informed得到正确的错误的知

6、识情报be well informed about sth.精通某事; 对某事消息灵通keep . informed随时向.报告情况inform against sb.告发某人, 检举某人inform on /upon sb.告发某人, 检举某人 beg to inform you that .谨通知.These poems are informed with sincerity.这些诗篇充满真挚的感情。26. deadline n. 最后期限27. interviewee n. 参加面试者；接受采访者28. meanwhile adv. 其间；同时29. depend on 依靠；依赖30.

7、 case n. 情况；病例；案例31. accuse vt. 指责；谴责；控告32. accuseof 因指责或控告33. accusation n. 指责；谴责；控告34. deliberately adv. 故意地35. so as to (do sth) 为了（做）36. deny vt. 否认；拒绝37. sceptical adj. 怀疑的（<美>skeptical）38. guilty adj. 犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的39. dilemma n. （进退两难的）困境；窘境be in a dilemma左右为难be on the horns of a dilemma左右

8、为难place sb. in a dilemma使某人处于进退两难的境地put sb. in a dilemma使人左右为难; 使人进退两难put sb. into a dilemma使人左右为难; 使人进退两难40. demand n. 需求；要求 vt. 强烈要求make demands of 对.提出要求; 有求于make demands on 对.提出要求; 有求于meet the demand 满足需要; 符合要求on demand 在要求时, 一经请求; 在要求支付时demand of向.要求; 向.索取demand from向.要求; 向.索取I have a demand to

9、 make of him.我对他有一个要求。demand a clear answer要求(作出)明确的答复I demand that John (should) go there at once.我要约翰马上去那儿。This work demands your patience.这项工作需要你的耐心。41. demanding adj. 要求很高的； 费力的42. publish vt. 出版；发行；发表；公布43. scoop n. 抢先获得的新闻、利润等； 勺子；铲子44. section n. 部分；节45. concise adj. 简明的；简练的46. imaginative ad

10、j. 富于想象力的一、 imaginary/imaginative/imaginable 三个词的区别1、imaginative指“ 富于想象力的”, 富于想象的；有想象力的；善于想象的；如:imaginative writers富有想象力的作者Scott was an imaginative writer.司格特是位富于想象力的作家。2、imaginary 指“想象的”、“虚构的”, 如:Although the main characters in the novel are so true to life, they are imaginary.虽然小说里的人物写得栩栩如生, 但都是虚构

11、的。3、imaginable 指“可想象的”, 常放在名词后面, 前加 all, only, every 或最高级形容词, 如:This is the only solution imaginable.这是唯一想得出的解决办法。 We had the greatest difficulty imaginable.我们遇到了可以想象到的最大困难。47. technical adj. 技术（上）的；技巧方面的48. technically adv. 技术上；工艺上49. thorough adj. 彻底的；详尽的50. gifted adj. 有天赋的,be gifted with talents

12、有才能;a gifted child有天赋的孩子51. idiomatic adj. 惯用的； 合乎语言习惯的52. housewife n. 家庭主妇53. crime n. 罪行；犯罪54. edition n. 版（本） ；版次55. ahead of 在前面56. department n. 部门；部；处；系57. accurate adj. 精确的；正确的58. senior adj. 年长的；高年级的；高级的the senior states men元老senior staff高级职员a senior officer高级军官a senior high school高中senior

13、student高年级学生She is four years senior to me.她比我大四岁。59. polish vt. 擦亮；磨光；润色60. chief adj. 主要的；首席的 n. 首领；长官61. approve vt. 赞成；认可；批准；approve of sth 赞成;approve doing支持My father approved my going to the front.我父亲同意我去前线。62. process vt. 加工；处理 n. 过程；程序；步骤63. negative n. 底片；否定 adj. 否定的；消极的64. appointment n. 约

14、会；任命三、核心词句语法1. eager adj. 热切的；渴望的拓展eager的用法 表示渴望得到某物，后接介词 for, after, about；表示渴望做某事，后接不定式；后接 that 从句时，从句谓语一般都用“should动词原形”的虚拟语气结构。We are all eager for/after/about knowledge.我们都求知心切。He is eager for/after/about success. 他渴望成功。He is eager to go abroad. 他渴望出国。She is eager to see her parents. 她渴望见到她的父母。H

15、e's eager that they (should) come to see him.他很希望他们来看他。辨析eager/keen/anxious eager 指“以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目标的”，有时也指“由于其他感情影响而表现急不可耐的”。 keen 指“对某人、某物怀有极大兴趣或热情的”。 anxious 指“热切地希望实现愿望，并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安，感到焦虑的”。（1）完型填空He wasnt with what he had gained and wanted to get more. A. proud B. content C. eager D. anxio

16、us(2)完成句子She (渴望) new skills so that she can be qualified for the job.He took a medical examination two days ago and now he (渴望) know the result.解析:(1) 选B。be content with意为“对感到满足”。(2）is eager to2. meanwhile adv. 此时；同时；其间 n. 同时(=meantime) meanwhile意为“同时，在此期间”，作为副词和名词，表示在某动作或情况发生或存在期间将可能发生另一件事。它不用于说明人

17、或事物的另一面。常用结构：in the meanwhile 在此期间（=in the meantime）They'll be here soon. Meanwhile we'll have some coffee.他们即刻就到，我们现在先喝点咖啡。Meanwhile, two other actors had carried the baskets to a shady spot under some trees.与此同时,另外两位演员篮子拿到树下荫凉的地方。（1）语法填空Mother went shopping; , I cleaned the house.A. While

18、B. whenC. and when D. meanwhile 解析:(1) 选D。从本句的结构来看，空白处不需要连词，所以选项A、B、C均不正确。(2)完成句子 简在写信，而与此同时帕特正在看电视。 Jane was writing a letter Pat was watching TV.(2)and meanwhile= ，while 3. case n.事；案例；情形；场合；状况；事实；实情；案件；诉讼；病症；病例This is a case of stupidity, not dishonesty.这只是个愚蠢的例子，并非不诚实。The police have a clear cas

19、e against the prisoner.警察有充足的事实对付那个囚犯。In this case I'm acting for my friend Mr Smith.我在这次诉讼中代表我的朋友史密斯先生的利益。常用结构：as is often the case 这是常有的事as the case stands 在目前的情况下；就现有的情况而论in this/that case 如果是这样/那样的话in any case 无论如何；总之in case+(that)clause 假使；如果；万一in case of 万一；如果发生(just)in case 以防(万一) (引导虚拟语气

20、)in most cases 在大多数情况下Take a hat with you in case (that)the sun is very hot.倘若太阳照射得很厉害，你就把帽子戴上。In case of rain they can't go. 万一下雨，他们就不能去了。完成句子（原创）As you can imagine, everything in our school is (状况良好). (如果) snow, you must put on your heavy coat.in good case In case ofYou shouldnt speak in class

21、. (如果那样的话), you cant hear what the teacher says.You shouldnt get angry with your teacher (无论如何).In that case in any case (决不) can you hurt our feeling as well as friendship. In no case The naughty girl made a face in class yesterday, (正如往常那样). as is often/usually the caseYou should take some measure

22、s (根据具体的情况).Everything here is normal (就目前的情况而言). as the case may be as the case standsYour article is well written (就所有情况而言).The little girl hid the story book (以防) her teacher would see it. in all cases in case答案：in good case In case ofIn that case in any caseIn no case as is often/usually the cas

23、eas the case may be as the case standsin all cases in case4.deny vt. 否认；否定；拒绝相信；拒绝 He said that I had stolen his bicycle, but I denied it.他说我偷了他的自行车，可是我否认了。He denied his country. 他背弃了自己的国家。He denies his wife nothing. 他对他的妻子有求必应。常用结构：deny oneself 自制；克己；舍弃deny doing sth.否认做过某事deny sb. sth. 拒绝给某人某物deny

24、+that 从句否认辨析deny/decline/refuse/rejectdeny 指“坚定地否认某事为真实的”。decline 指“较正式地、有礼貌地谢绝”。refuse 是普通用语，指“坚决、果断或坦率地(不友善地)拒绝”。reject指“以否定、敌对的态度而当面拒绝(通过抛弃或送走、专横地拒绝)”, 主语可以是人或物，后接名词，不能接动词不定式。He asked her to go to the movies three times, but each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影，但每一次都被拒绝了。用deny/decline/refuse/reje

25、ct的适当形式填空 The patients body the heart transplant.She to have lunch with us, saying that she wasnt feeling well.He doesnt dare to the charges, does he?答案：rejected declined deny5. cover vi. （常与with连用）盖；覆盖 vt. 包括;涉及;报道 n. 遮盖物；盖子；罩子 （图书、杂志的）封面The town covers 5 square miles. 这座小镇占地5平方英里。I want to cover 1

26、00 miles by dark. 我想在天黑之前走完100英里。The review covered everything we learned last term.这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程。常用结构：be covered with 盖满；覆满；充满（羞惭，慌乱等）from cover to cover 从头到尾一页不漏under the cover of 在掩护下；打着的幌子cover up 完全盖住; 盖好She covered the table with a cloth. 她用一块布把桌子罩起来。完型填空The wild flowers looked like a sof

27、t orange blanket the desert. A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to coverMay I have a talk with one of your sports reporters? Sorry, but all of them are out to the main events of the day. A.get B. find C. cover D. Search解析: 选A。a soft orange blanket与cover之间存在主谓关系，因此要用现在分词作定语，它相当于定语从句which/that covered

28、.而不定式作定语一般表示将要发生的动作，故不能误选D。选C。 get得到；让；find找到; cover the events采访事件; search 调查；只有C项符合题意。6. concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于I can't concentrate (on my studies) with that noise going on. 吵闹声不绝于耳, 我无法集中精力（于学习）。We must concentrate our efforts on improving education.我们必须致力于改进教育工作。Having failed my French exams

29、, I decided to concentrate on science subjects. 我因法语考试不及格而决心专攻理科。This firm concentrates on the European market.这家公司把工作重点集中在欧洲市场。常用结构：concentrate one's mind/attention on （upon）=fix one's attention on=focus on=be absorbed in把注意力集中在拓展put one's heart into sth. 全身心地做某事devote oneself to sth./d

30、oing sth. 把自己奉献给concentrated adj. 极度的; 紧张的; 浓缩的concentrated study/hate/effort紧张的学习/强烈的仇恨/专心致志的努力concentrated fire 集中的火力concentrated food 压缩食品完成句子 (集中精力)your study if you want to catch up with the class.He （投身于）helping the people in need. He set a good example for us.答案：Put your heart into/Concentrat

31、e your mind ondevoted himself to7. accuse .of.因控告/指责I don't think anyone can accuse him of not being frank.我看谁也不能说他不坦率。You cant accuse Stephen of robbing the bank. He was round at my house all evening.你不能控告斯蒂芬打劫银行，他整晚都在我家。 辨析accuse/charge accuse, charge这两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse v.指控，

32、控诉，常与介词of连用。charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也可指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。单项填空The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and him of speeding. A.warn B. accused C. charged D. deprived解析:选B。warn sb. of. 警告、告诫某人;accuse sb. of.控告某人犯有；charge sb. with. 指控某人犯有罪；deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人某物。8. His discussion with his ne

33、w boss，Hu Xin (HX)，was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.他与他的新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯将会产生重要的影响。 What do you imagine will be your future occupation? Suppose you were to be a journalist for China Daily, do you know what kinds of jobs they have?你认为你未来的职业是什么？假设你即将成为中国日报的记者，你知道他们要做哪些类型的工作吗？ 句式提取：be t

34、o do sth.“be to+动词原形”的常见用法：表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。指该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示命令、吩咐或禁止的语气。指能或不能发生的事情（接近于can, may），表示可能性。表示不可避免将要发生的事情，后来注定要发生的事情。用于条件从句，意为“如果想，设想”（接近if .want to/if .should）。(1)be to do句型的含义： 表示注定要发生的事。预先安排好的计划或约定 (2)表示将来的主要句型：will/shall do表示单纯的将来或主语的“意愿”。be go

35、ing to do sth.表示将要做某事时，指主语“计划、打算”做的事，这时主语只能是人。主语是事物时，表示说话人根据某种迹象主观推测可能发生的事。进行时表将来(常用一些表示动作趋向的词，如go，leave，fly，come等)。一般现在时表将来(指事情按时间或计划有规律地发生)。be about to do(指最近的将来，常译作“即将，就要”)。 We are to meet at the school gate. 我们将在学校门口见面。You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less th

36、an 5 minutes.孩子们，你们必须上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人五分钟之内就要到了。How am I to know what has become of him?我怎么知道他的遭遇？His discussion with his new boss,Hu Xin, was to strongly influence his life as a reporter.他同新上司胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生很大的影响。If you are to succeed, you have to make more efforts.如果你想成功的话，你必须更加努力。 根据课文内容完成语法填空 It

37、is Zhou Yang's first day at the office of China 1. (day)He is excited and eager to go out on a story on 2. own，but he can't 3. he isn't experienced enough. His new boss，Hu Xin，is sharing with him 4. to be a good reporter. To be a good reporter,5. needs to be curious，6. enables one to ask

38、 many different questions and acquire all the information he needs to know. Besides，it's important for a reporter to have a nose 7. a story，knowing if someone is telling the truth. And while interviewing people，a reporter has to listen to the answers carefully because he has to listen for the 8.

39、 (detail) facts and prepare the next question depending on 8'. what people say. If 9. (possibly)，a reporter can record the interview in case he might 10. (accuse) of printing lies.1.Daily2.his3.because4.how5.one6which7.for8.detailed8'.what 9.possible 10be accused 完型填空 Greater efforts to incr

40、ease agricultural production must be made if food shortage avoided.A. is to be B. can beC. will be D. has been 解析:选A。句意为：如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大的努力来增加农业产量。条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来，故排除C项；B、D两项与句意不符。“be+不定式”可用于条件状语从句中，表示“如果想”。9. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to

41、 let the other team win.一个足球运动员被控受贿，故意不进球，好让另一队赢球。辨析 so as to/in order to so as to 意为“为了，目的是”，后接动词原形，在句中作目的状语，其否定形式为so as not to do sth.,可以转化成so that引导的目的状语从句。 in order to也可以作目的状语，但是so as to和so that引导的目的状语不可置于句首，且so that 目的状语从句的谓语动词常含有can, could, may, might 等词。She got up early in order to（so as to）c

42、atch the early bus.In order to catch the early bus, she got up early.为了赶上早班车，她起得很早。He spoke loudly so as to be heard.他大声说话，以便让人听到。单项填空The brilliance of his satires was make even his victims laugh. A.so as to B. such as to C. so that D. such that解析:选B。句意为：他的讽刺太生动了，以至于被讽刺的人都笑了起来。so修饰形容词，such修饰名词或作表语。s

43、o that和such that常引导结果状语从句，所以排除C、D两项。 10、Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.周扬将永远不会忘记在一家流行的英语报社的第一次任务。 句式提取：否定词置于句首时句子要倒装 否定词置于句首时，要用倒装语序，把谓语的一部分置于主语之前。这类否定词和含有否定意义的短语主要有：no，not，never，little，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，not until，neithe

44、r.nor.，not only.but also，no sooner.than，hardly.when，in no time，in no way，by no means等。(1)not until引导的从句不倒装，后面的主句倒装。(2)not only.but also.连接两个并列句时，前者倒装后者不倒装。(3)neither.nor.并列连词词组连接并列的句子时，(因neither/nor都是否定意义的词)前后两句都用倒装语序。 必修5 Unit5 Firs aid 核心语言知识梳理一、 、核心词句语法1. aid n.& vi. 帮助；援助；资助 vt.&n. 帮助;援助

45、;救助 with the aid of sb.with ones aid 在某人的帮助下in aid of 用以援助do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid 进行急救They aided flood victims. 他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。They aided in solving the problem. 他们帮忙解决这个问题。They aided the poor country with money. 他们用钱帮助那个穷乡村。We were aided by the police我们受到警方的援助【归纳比较】(1)with the aid of

46、 sb. = with sb.'s aid在某人的帮助下With the aid of a neighbor, he managed to put out the fire.他在邻居的帮助下把火扑灭了(2)in aid of 为了帮助(或救济).; 用以援助The collection is in aid of the blind.这笔募集的捐款是用来救济盲人的(3)aid sb. to do sth.= aid sb. inwith帮助某人去做I aided her to continue her study.= I aided her in continuing her study

47、. 我帮助她继续做研究Your advice aided her to succeed. 你的忠告使她取得了成功特别提示： 用作动词时，搭配为aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人（做）某事(其中的 to 不可省略)，也可用于 aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人(做)某事。（4）do/give/offer first aid to sb. 对某人施行急救He hurt his arm during the volleyball match, and some of us gave him first aid.他在排球赛中胳膊受伤了，我们几个人对他进行了急救改错 1）The

48、 family lived on government aids for two years. （答案：应该为The family lived on government aid for two years. ）2）We may travel on under the aid of a good map._（答案：应该为We may travel with the aid of a good map.） 3)We've aided him finish the work ahead of time. 3)答案：应该为finishto finish或in finishing 拓展 表示一

49、般意义的“帮助”或“援助”时，aid 是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“助手”、“辅助用品”时，aid是可数名词。如：A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.(字典是学习一种新语言的重要工具)。 辨析aid/help/assistance aid 表示经济或其他方面给予的帮助或援助，多指强者(或足够者)援助弱者，多用于团体。 help 指给人精神或物质上的帮助，强调受助者的需要，有利于达到一定的目的或目标。 assistance 多指个人给予道义、知识、物质等方面的帮助，所提供的帮助往往只起辅助作用。2. electr

50、ic shock 触电；电休克【提示】 electric(电的)+shock(冲击；休克)【经典例句】 The electric shock deprived him of his life.触电夺走了他的生命。【考点聚焦】 同根词：electrical adj.用电的；与电有关的；electricity n.电流；电；electronic adj. 电子的 其他与electric相关的搭配electric cord 电线electric fan电扇electric light 电灯electric current 电流electric train 电动火车electric stove 电炉e

51、lectric power 电力3. injury n. 损伤；伤害Many common injuries happen every day in the home.家庭中每天都有许多常见的意外伤害。常用结构:do sb. an injury 伤害某人be an injury to sb./sth. 伤害；危害某人/某事escape injury 免受伤害 repair injury 赔偿损害serioussevere injuries 重伤a slight injury 轻伤In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and a

52、rms.在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤。辨析 injure/wound/hurt injure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害,用于无生命物体的损坏，更多用于表示对人的某个部位的损伤。 wound 指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害。是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。也指感情受伤。 hurt 指的伤害与injure 同样严重，也可指较轻的疼痛，常指因不小心而引起的痛苦或意外地受到伤害。hurt 也可指对人的感情的伤害。Your remark may injure her pride.你的话也许会伤她的自尊。Blood gushed from his wound.血从他的伤口涌出。Hurt other p

53、eople, hurt yourself.害人害己。选词填空(injure/hurt/wound) Ten soldiers were killed and thirty serious .He was deeply by her dishonesty.I my back lifting that box.In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were .She felt at your words.The bullet him in the shoulder.答案：wounded hurt hurt injuredhurt wounded 4. It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life.正是约翰的快捷动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。【析】1）整个句子是一个简单句。2）本句使用了强调句