外研版必修四module3知识点汇总

1、1.2.3.vary in vary from to in volve on eself in4.5.be/get in volved in more tha nmore tha n surprised more than on guard hold up hold on.9.give away give out make a dealcom muni cate with sbbe busy doin g/with sth stare at sb/sthstare into the dista neerequest sb t

2、o do sth request that sb （should） do do sb a favourin favour ofup and down=back and forth刖刖后后=here and there=to and from by accide nt重点短语在方面不同从.到变化积极参与被卷入到.之中不仅仅十分/非常吃惊 与其说不如说（强调前者）He was more an artist than a writer.（保持）警惕;值班,站岗 举起,抬起,承受住,支撑 等会儿，坚持 泄露,出卖,暴露,让步,赠送,捐赠 发出；放出（消息、声音等）;用完，耗尽 达成协议，做成交易 和某

3、人交流 忙于某事 注视着某人/某物 凝视着远方 要求某人做某事 要求某人做某事 帮某人一个忙 赞成 上上下下=backwards and forwards处处 来来往往 偶然地,无意地重点词汇及拓展1.aggressive adj.攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的2 . deal n .协议；交易3 . involve vt. 包括4 . spread vi.开5 . stare vi.凝视；盯着看6 . panic v .恐慌；惊慌7 . request n .请求； 要求8 . favor n .恩惠；善意的行为9 . prese nt adj. 现场的10. prolo ng vt.延长11 .

4、vary vi.变化variable adj. 易变的，多变的variation n .多样性12 . formal adj. 正式的formally adv. 正式地informal（ 反义词）adj.非正式的13 . infectious adj.有感染性的infect v .传染，感染infection n .传染，感染14 . judgement n .判断，意见judge v .判断15 . equality n .平等equalize v .使平等知识一：单词1. com muni cate vt. 交流； 交际； 传达；沟通；表达归纳拓展（1）communicate with交换

5、（消息，想法等）；与保人）联络communicate sth.to sb.传达（新闻、消息、感情）（2）commu ni cati on n.传达；交流；信息；通讯例句：He com muni cated the n ews to me by teleph one.他打向我传达了那贝 U消息。It is n ecessary that young and old people should com muni cate morewith each other.年轻人与老年人有必要多进行交流。Communi cati on with other coun tries was difficult d

6、uri ng the teleph oneand postal strike.邮电工人罢工期间与其他国家的通讯很困难。误区警示：commu nicati on作"通讯，通信”讲时，表"交通方式”常用复数。Radio is the only means of com munication in remote areas.边远地区唯一的通讯工具就是无线电。 A baby com muni cates its n eeds by crying.婴儿用哭声来表达需要。 He lear nthow to use sig n Ian guage to com muni catewith

7、 deafcustomers.他学会了用手语与失聪的顾客交谈。命题方向：commu nicate with短语是重要考点。活学巧练：Honesty is a kind of quality and that' s what it takes to 需要withothers successfully.A. sayB . report C . communicate D . tell【解析】句意为"诚实是一种品质，与别人成功交流需要它”。communicate交流，沟通；com mun icate with sb.与某人交流。C2 . vary vt. 改变，使多样化vi.变化；

8、 不同vary from 不同于vary with 随从而变化vary in 在方面不同，有差异variety n .品种；多样化a great/wide variety of = varieties of 各种各样的；品种繁多的various/varied adj. 不同的；许多的例句： Costs of tickets vary from one airl ine to ano ther.机票价格在不同的航空公司之间有差别。The colour of the leaves varies with weather.叶子的颜色随着天气的变化而变化。Everyone arrived late a

9、t the party for a variety of reas ons.注意：differ强调某些方面的 质或性质的不同性，常见句型为：A differs from B ； A differs among Bs. vary强调某些方面的变化性，如外形、形态等因某种缘故发生了变化。常见句型为： A varies with B ； A varies from B to C. 当强调不同性时，vary和differ可以互换。 Teach ing methods vary greatly from school to school.各个学校的教学方法大不相同。 My doctor said I s

10、hould vary my diet more.医生说我应该使日常饮食更为多样化。活学巧练：用适当的介词填空(1) rd like to have varietymy life.in(2) Prices varythe seas ons.with(3) Opinions varythis point.On(4) Her mood varied optimism extremedepression.From to3 . involve vt.包括，牵涉，使参与归纳拓展(1) involve sb.i n (do ing) sth.把某人牵扯到某事里面；使某人参与做某事involve with.

11、和有密切联系in volved adj.复杂的；有牵连的，有关的be/get in volved in使卷入之中； 使专注于be in volved with和有密切联系例句： She was involved in reviewing the lessons all night. 她整晚都在专心致志地复习功课。Preside nt Nixon had to resig n because he was in volvedin theWatergate sca ndal.尼克松总统不得不辞职，因为他卷入了 “水门事件”的丑闻当中。误区警示：involve表示“包括”时其后可直接接-ing作宾语

12、(involve+ v-ing),但表示“某人参与干某事”常是in volve sb.i n+do ing。朗文在线： Every day each of us makes decisi ons that i nvolve tak ing a cha nee.每天我们每个人作出的决定都包含碰运气的成分。 Most people don't realize the amount of effort that is involved in writinga no vel.大多数人都不明白写一本小说要花多少心血。命题方向：in volve sb.i n (do ing) sth.是重要考点。

13、【训练】The personyou referred to at the meeting the accidentthathappe ned last ni ght.A. involved in答案与解析：Cin volved with sb.I ask you not bus in ess.togetA. caughtC. attachedB . involved withbe/getin volved“与某人有关”C . got involved in D . got involved within sth. “卷入，与某事有关”；be/get。所以根据语法只有C项对。in this ki

14、nd of matter.It ' s none of yourB . involvedD . connected【解析】get in volved in意为“涉及，卷入”，为固定搭配，其他选项不能用于此结构。B4. panic n .恐慌，惊慌 v.陷入恐慌； 引起恐慌(panicking, panieked , panicked)归纳拓展(1) get into a panic陷入恐慌状态be in (a) panic在惊慌中cause a panic 弓丨起恐慌(2) panic at.因(听到 / 看到)而惊慌 panic o doing sth.使某人仓促行动例句

15、： She got into a real panic when she thought she' d lost the tickets.她十分惊慌，以为自己把入场券丢了。Shoppers fled the street in (a) panic after two bombs exploded.两枚炸弹爆炸之后，购物者惊慌失措地逃离了那条街。The crowd pan icked at the sound of the gunfire. 失措。那群人听到枪声后惊慌The protests became more viole nt and many foreig ners were p

16、anicked into leaving the coun try.抗议变得更加激烈，许多外国人慌忙离开了那个国家。5. spread (spread , spread)v. 展开；铺开；传播 ；延伸 n. 传播；扩展 归纳拓展spread sth. on/over sth.把某物铺在上spread out 展开；开；扩大()；伸长 spread on eself舒展身体例句：She spread the pages of the letter on the table.她把那几页信展开放在桌上。The fire spread from the factory to the houses n

17、earby.火从工厂蔓延到附近的房舍。The rapid spread of the disease is upsetting the authorities. 这种疾病的迅速蔓延使当局忧虑不安。【训练】Bird flu hasall over the world,which might panic the investors.A . spread B. spreaded C. spreat D . spreading【解析】句意为：禽流感已蔓延到全世界，这可能会使投资者惶恐不安。spread的过去式及过去分词同原形，故选A。【答案】A6 . stare vi. 凝视； 注视； 盯着看同类辨析

18、stare at由于好奇、敌视、傲慢而睁大眼睛凝视glare at 怒视，瞪眼gla nee at 匆匆一瞥例句： He stood there staring into the distanee.look at 看，看着他站在那里，凝视着远方。He gla need at his watch.他匆匆地看了一下手表。They stood glaring at each other.他们站着，彼此怒目而视。The old gen tlema n just stood thereat the pickpocket and did notsay a word.A . glancingB . glim

19、psingC. staring D . glaring【解析】句意为：这位老先生只是站在那里对那个扒手怒目而视，一句话也没有说。A项“瞥见” ；B项“瞥见”，强调结果；C项“凝视，注视”，指由于惊讶、 好奇、惧怕等原因而睁大眼睛目不转睛地看。glare at怒视，瞪着眼睛看【答案】D 7. request vt. 请求，要求 n. 请求，要求，邀请（1）request sb.to do sth.请求某人干某事request sth.from/of sb.要求、请求某人做某事；向某人要求某物request that - clause 请求(从句谓语动词用 should +动词原形)(2) mak

20、e a request for. 要求例句： They have made an urgent request for international aid.他们紧急要求国际援助。The visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.参观者请勿触摸展品。We requested that they immediately make an investigationof thematter. They have made an urgent request for intern ati onal aid.他们紧急要求国际援助。 Further d

21、etail will be sent on request.详情承索即寄。 The staff immediately requested that he recon sider his decisi on. 员工立即要求他重新考虑他的决定。词语辨析：dema nd , require 与 request dema nd 般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。 require强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。 request正式用词，指非常正式、有礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。后面跟宾语从句时，从句后谓语都要用虚拟语气，即should加动词

22、原形或直接用动词原形。命题方向：request sb.to do sth. 及request后接that从句时用虚拟语气是常考 点。It is politely requested by the hotel man ageme nt that radiosafter11 o'clock at ni ght.A. were not played B . not to play C . not be played D . did not play 【解析】It is requested.后的主语从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用（should）+动词原形形式，故排除A、D两项；根据句意可知

23、radios与play之间是被动关系，故用被动语态形式，排除B项，选C。【答案】CWe all request that the discussi on.A . put off B . putting offC . is put off D . be put off答案与解析：D request后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。8、perform v .上演；扮演（角色）：演奏；实行；（机械等）运转精讲拓展： perform the play 演戏perform a part in a play在剧中扮演一个角色perform an operati on进行手术performa nee n . 执行，履

24、行； 表现 give/put on a performa nee 演出，表演误区警示：perform 意为"上演，扮演；履行，实行”时作及物动词；意为"演奏(乐曲)；运转”时，作不及物动词。如：He is perform ing on the flute.他正在吹奏长笛。The engine seems to be perform ing well.发动机似乎运转正常。 rve never seen“ Othello ” performed so brilliantly.我从未看过奥赛罗这出戏表演得如此精彩。 The orchestra will give two more

25、 performa nces this week.这个管弦乐队本周将加演两场。perform 表示"上演，扮演”时常是重要考点且多以非谓语动词的形式进行考查。9、favour( = favor) n .帮助，恩惠，赞成，支持，关心v.赞成，照顾精讲拓展： do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb.帮某人忙ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙in favour of 赞成；支持；有利于 favour the new plan 赞成新计划favour sb./sth. 偏袒某人；便于，利于 favourable adj.好意的；赞成的；有利的a

26、favourable wind 顺风a favourable an swer满意的答复Do me/us a favour!在口语中往往是回答认为愚蠢的问题，意为"得了吧！”，而do sb. a favour在疑问句表示"请求别人的帮忙”的客气表达。朗文在线： Could you do me a favour and turn off that light?劳驾，请把那盏灯关掉好吗？ Do us a favour, Mike, and shut up!拜托你，迈克，别再说了！ Are you in favour of the death penalty?你赞同死刑吗？ The

27、 preside nt is believed to favour further tax cuts.大家认为总统将支持进一步减税。in favour of, do sb. a favour两短语在具体语境中的运用是常考点。My sister was aga inst my suggesti on while my brother wasit.A . in favour ofB . in memory of C. in honour ofD . in search of【解析】本题考查介词短语的辨析。此处while表示转折对比，against表示反对。故选用in favour of 表示“赞成

28、”。B表示“为纪念” ；C表示“为了向表 示敬意” ；D表示“寻找”，均不合题意。【答案】AI amyour suggestionwe should spe nd more time on thisproject.A. in favor of ； which B . in honor of ； thatC. in favor of ； thatD . in honor of ； whichC “我很赞成你的建议那我们应该在这个工程上花费更多的时间”。in favor of赞成；in honor of 向表示敬意；为纪念。第二空为that引导的同位语从句。10、deal n. 交易，协议； v.

29、 处理，相处(1) make a deal达成协议；做成交易That ' s a deal. 一言为定。a great/good deal of+不可数名词，意思是“大量，很多” 。deal with 对付；应付；处理；对待I know this is the latest type but it' s second -hand.$20 that ' s my lastoffer.OK.It ' s a(n) . A . bus in essB . Trade C . agreeme ntD . deal“我知道这是最新款，但却是二手货，我最多出20块。” It

30、' s a deal.为习语“就这么办，一言为定”，为固定搭配。【答案】D11、blank adj.空白的，无表情的，茫然的go blank变成空白Steve looked bla nk and said he had no idea what I was talk ing about. n.空白；空白处The professor could tell by thelook in Maria ' s eyes that she did n't understand a single word of his lectureA.coldB. bla nkC. I nn oc

31、e nD. fresh根据Maria茫然的眼神，这位教授能够看出她对他所讲的容连一个字也没有听懂。 blank 空虚的，茫然的；innocent 无辜的。选 B。14、present1)n.Cl 礼物；目前I want to give her a prese nt. What do you think she'd like?2) vt.赠送；给予The mayor prese nted the prizes in person.市长亲自颁奖。3) adj.在场的；出席的(其反义词为absent);现在的；当前的 A lot of stude nts were prese nt at t

32、he meeti ng.很多学生出席了那个会议。 rm free at prese nt.我现在有空。知识拓展prese nee n.在场； 存在prese ntly adv.不久ni make you a prese nt of the book since you like it very much.你这么喜欢这本书就送给你吧15、serve 1) vt. & vi. 为工作；为服务Can I serve you in any way?我能帮你的忙吗？2) vt. & vi. 开板；上菜(常用被动结构)；供某人饭菜 Dinner is served.开饭了。 Learn t

33、o serve at table.学习端饭上菜。3） vt. & vi. 任职；服役He served as a naval officer during the war.战争时期他在海军当军官。即学即用The word “ spahetti ” brought back the memory of an evening when all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Patspaghetti for supper.A. cooked B . servedC. gotD. made答案：B要点二短语1 . hold up 举起；

34、提出（作为榜样）；延误，阻滞归纳拓展hold back阻挡，忍住，抑制hold on 坚持住；（用语）请稍等，不要挂断hold back 缩回；阻止；隐瞒；抑制hold in 抑制（感情等）hold down阻止（某人），制止；限制 hold one ' s breath 屏住气例句： The steel strike in U . S. may hold up product ion of all new cars for several mo nths.美国钢铁工人罢工可能使全部新汽车的生产停顿好几个月。They hold up his behaviour as a model.他

35、们把他的行为作为其他人学习的楷模。The father held up the boy over his head.那个父亲把孩子高举过头顶。朗文在线： The building work has been held up by bad weather.由于天气不好，建筑工程被耽搁下来了。 The roof is held up by pillars屋顶是由柱子支撑着的。 The water won't hold out much Ion ger.水维持不了多久。【训练】There was a big hole in the road whichthe traffic.A. took

36、up B . brought backC . kept back D . held up【解析】句意为：公路上有个大坑阻碍了交通。 hold up “延误，阻滞”，符合题意。 take up “占据，从事” ；bring back “带回” ；keep back “扣留，隐瞒”。【答案】 DWhat shall we use for power when all the oil in the worldhas been?A. give n outB. held up C. run outD. used up答案与解析：D 句意：当世界的原油用光时，我们将用什么来提供动力呢？giveout用完，

37、run out用尽，都为不及物动词短语，hold up阻碍，停顿，不合句意。use up为及物动词短语，意为“用完”。2 . ask sb. a favour请某人帮忙（1）ask a favour of sb./ask sb. a favour请某人帮忙do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙 in favour of 赞成，支持in favour 得宠的；流行的 out of favour 失宠的；不流行的3、give away 泄露（秘密）；暴露；让步；赠送精讲拓展： give back归还；送回；使恢复 give forth发出（声音，气味等）

38、；发表，公布 give in屈服，投降，退让give up放弃；不再做（某事） give off发出气味、光、热、声音等 give out用完，用尽；分发 give on eself to专心于，迷恋于；沾染 （恶习等）误区警示：give away中away是副词，若接代词作宾语时，需将代词放于give之后。 He gave away immense amounts of money to charity.他把大笔大笔的钱捐给了慈善机构。 I was afraid the kids would give the whole thing away. The goalkeeper gave awa

39、y two goals.守门员白白丢了两个球。命题方向：give away 常与give out , give off及give in以词义辨析的形式出现。活学巧练：用 give in, give up, give out, give away填空（1）The brave soldier preferred dying togivi ngin（2）After a month , our food supplies give out（3） Smok ing is bad for your health.Yes, I know. But I can't simply give it up.

40、（4）Her face give_ heraw when she told a lie.4、lift up （被）提起；举起；抬高；吊起I lifted the lid of the box up and peered in.我掀起箱盖往里看。知识拓展not lift/ raise a fin ger/ hand （to do sth.）一点忙也不帮；油瓶倒了都不扶辨析：raise, rise 与 lift up1）raise 是 vt, “使上升”。2）rise是vi , “升起；上升；起立”。 Prices have been raised up.价格被提高了。 Prices rose g

41、radually.价格逐渐地涨上去了。5、 take off 脱掉依服等）起飞 休假突然离开 Take your coat off and sit down. I forgot to take off my make -up last night昨天我忘了卸妆。 Sales of home cars have taken off recent years.私家车的销售量近年来上升很快。 I hear the business is really taking off.我听说生意真的要兴隆了。 The plane took off despite the fog.尽管有雾飞机仍照常起飞。 rm

42、taking Thursday off to do some New Year shopping.我星期四休假去买一些新年礼物。 He took off for the bus station at a run.他匆忙向汽车站跑去。 Susan took off without saying goodbye.珊没有道别就突然离开了。take after（在礼貌、行为等方面）与（某个长辈）想像take apart 拆卸；拆开 take away 减去take back 收回take in 收容（养）；欺骗 take over 接管；接收 take up 从事；占据（2009 ）We tried

43、to find a table for seven, but they were all.A . given awayB . kept away C . taken upD . used up解析：“我尽力想找一供七个人用的桌子，但他们全部都被占了” °take up意为“占去；占用” ；give away意为“赠送；泄露” ；keep away 意为“（使）远离”；use up 意为“用完；用光”。答案：C6、by accident偶然；无意中We met each other aga in completely by accide nt.我们再次相遇，完全出于偶然。more th

44、an +形容词，意思是“非常，很”。仅仅，不过not more tha n 至多，不超过差不多；或多或少 这种结构是对于不同的人或物的同一性质或方面的比较，意为 倒不如说”。我不是天才，他也不是。（2）no more tha n more or less（3）more.than“比更（形容词和副词的比较级）；与其说例句： He is no more a genius than I amMr Smith is more a writer tha n pain ter.辨析 no more than 与 not more thanno more than= only，含有消极否定的意思，意为“不过

45、，只有，仅仅”not more tha n= at most，意为“不超过，至多”例句： He has lear ned no more tha n 100 words.He has lear ned not more tha n 100 words.个。【训练】 一Do you need any help, Lucy?Yes.The job isI could do myself.A. less thanB . more than C . no more than他才学会了 100个单词。 他学会的单词不超过100D . not more than【解析】句意为：一你需要帮忙吗，露茜？一需要

46、，这项工作我自己做不来。项意为“少于”；B项意为“多于，超过” ；C项意为“不过；仅仅” ；D项意为 多于”，根据题意，选 B。【答案】 BA“不have an accide nt遭受意夕卜without accide nt平安无恙地by cha nee 偶然地；意外地 注意：deliberately adv. 故意地 I came here on purpose to see you. 即学即用Don't be angry with him; he seldom time.故意地我特地来这里看你。on purposemakes mistakes.He made it thisA .

47、by incidentB . for no reasonsC . in com monD . by accident要点三句型Perhaps more tha n I thi nk.也许比我想的要多。more tha n比多； 多于more than +名词（动名词）“不仅仅是，不只是”。more than +数词，意思是“超过，以上” 。1 .条件状语从句条件状语从句是表示 主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。引导条件状语从句的词或词组有 if, uni ess , so （as） long as （ 只要）,in case （ 万一）,on con diti on that （条件是）,sup

48、pose/supposing （ 彳假设，用于问句 ）,provided/providing （that） （假如，如果）等。例句： As long as you don ' t lose heart , you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。In case I forget , please remi nd me of my promise.如果我忘了，请提醒我所作的承诺。Suppose/Supposing（that） they refuse us , who else can we turn to forhelp?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们该向谁求助呢？在条件状

49、语从句中，要用一般时态代替将来时（和时间状语从句相同）。You will miss the train if you don't hurry.要点四语法You would miss the train if you did n't hurry.will表示“愿意”时，是情态动词，可用于条件状语从句。If you will go, please tell me.如果你愿意去的话，请告诉我。(3) if引导的条件状语从句如果与事实不符，应用虚拟语气。例句：If it rained tomorrow ，we should stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。(4)

50、 suppose 禾口 supposing (that) 相当于 if。(5) provided, providing that, on condition that, so/as long as相当于 only if 。As long as( = Only if)you don't lose heart, you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。(6) i n caseDo tell us in case you have any trouble.万一有什么困难，一定告诉我们。in case引导目的状语从句时也可用should 表示可能性小些。【训练】 I was

51、 advised to arrange for in sura nee I n eeded medicaltreatme nt.A. neverthelessB . although C . in case D . so thatin case“以防，万一”，引导条件状语从句。有人建议我入保险，以备医疗需求。【答案】 C he works hard , I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.A . As soon as B . As well as C . So far asD . So long as考查so/as long as引

52、导条件状语从句。只要他肯下工夫，我不在乎他什么时候能完成这个实验。as soon as “一就” ；as well as 也，又；so far as “就而言”。【答案】D A small car is big eno ugh for a family of threeyou n eed more spacefor luggage.A . once B . Because C . in case D . Un less【解析】考查连词的用法辨析。once “一旦”，引导条件状语从句；because “因为”，引导原因状语从句；in case “以防万一”，引导条件状语从句；unless “除

53、非”，引导条件状语从句。句意为：一辆小汽车对于一个三口之家足够了，除非需 要更多的空间放行。根据题意，可知答案为D。【答案】 D he had not hurt his leg , John would have won the race.A . If B . Si neeC . Though D . When【解析】if引导虚拟条件句，“如果”。根据其时态可判断出表示过去非真实情况。“如果约翰的腿没有受伤，他会赢得这次赛跑” 。since引导时间状语从句或原因状 语从句，表示“自从”或“因为” ；though引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然” ；when【答案】A引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候

54、”2 .让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句表示 在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由连词 though , although , as (虽然，尽管),even f though , whoever , whatever , whichever , whenever , wherever , however , no matter who (what which , when , where , how) , whether.or (not) , while (尽管)等弓丨导。(2 ) though , although这两个连词用法基本一样，只是前者口语化，后者较正式，常位

55、于句首，都不与 but连用，但可以和yet , still连用。例句： Though they lack official support, they continue their struggle.他们虽然没有得到官方的支持，但仍继续奋斗。Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make herbelieve him.虽然他们谈了半天，他还是不能使她信任他。(3) whatever (whoever , whichever , whenever.)/nomatter what (who ,which , when.)引出的让步状语从句意义上无明显差别，常译成汉语“无论”。例句： Whoever (No matter who) wants to speak to me on the phone, tell himI' m busy.不管谁要我接，就说我现在正忙着呢。Wherever (No matter where) you go , I' m right here waiting for you. 无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。as引导让步状语从句，从句部分用倒装语序，句型为：a