计算机介绍英文版

1、Teacher: bai yanE-mail:1Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers2Chapter 1 ObjectivesRecognize the importance of computer literacyDefine the term computer and identify its componentsExplain why a computer is a powerful toolRecognize the purpose of a networkDiscuss the uses of the Internet and the World

2、Wide WebDistinguish between installing and running a programIdentify the types of softwareDescribe the categories of computersDetermine how the elements of an information system interactIdentify the types of computer usersDiscuss various computer applications in societyNext3A World of ComputersWhat

3、is computer literacy?p. 5 Fig. 1-1NextKnowledge and understanding of computers and their usesComputers are everywhere4How is a computer defined?What Is a Computer?p. 6Produces and stores resultsNextElectronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memoryProcesses data i

4、nto Data that is organized, meaningful, and usefulAccepts Raw facts, figures, and symbols5What Is a Computer?What is the information processing cycle?p. 6 Fig. 1-2NextInputProcessOutputStorageCommunication6The Components of a ComputerWhat is an input device?p. 7 Fig. 1-3Click to view Web Link,click

5、Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Input Devices below Chapter 1 Hardware used to enter dataand instructionsNext7The Components of a ComputerWhat is an output device?p. 8 Fig. 1-3 Hardware that conveys information to a userNextClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web

6、Linkfrom left navigation, then click Output Devices below Chapter 18The Components of a ComputerWhat is the system unit?p. 8 Fig. 1-3Next Box-like casecontainingelectroniccomponentsused to processdata9The Components of a ComputerWhat are two main components on the motherboard?p. 8Also called a proce

7、ssorCarries out instructions that tell computer what to doNextTemporary holding place for data and instructions10The Components of a ComputerWhat is storage?p. 8Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are storedRecords and retrieves items to and from a storage mediumNextHolds

8、data, instructions, and information for future use11The Components of a ComputerWhat is storage media?p. 8DigitalcamerasHandheldcomputersPortable, thin memory cards used in:Next12The Components of a ComputerWhat is a floppy disk?p. 8 Fig. 1-4NextThin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plasti

9、c shellA USB flash drive is portable, and has much greater storage capacity13The Components of a ComputerWhat is a flash drive?p. 9 Fig. 1-5NextProvides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip diskSmall and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket14The Compon

10、ents of a ComputerWhat is a flash drive?NextProductCapacity (MB)Interface*Thumbdrive Touch ()8/16/32/64/128/256/512/1024 USB 1.1Data Traveler 2.0 Hi-Speed(http:/)128/256/512/1024USB 2.0Handy Steno HT202()32/64/128/256/512/1024USB 2.0Audio Steno BP300()64/128USB 1.1* 1.1 = 12Mbps, 2.0 = 480Mbps15The

11、Components of a ComputerWhat is a hard disk?p. 9 Fig. 1-6NextProvides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or USB flash driveHoused inside the system unit16The Components of a ComputerWhat is a compact disc?p. 9 Fig. 1-7NextFlat, round, portable metal discCD-ROMCD-RWDVD-ROMDVD+RW17Accura

12、cyCommunicationsWhy Is a Computer So Powerful?p. 10What makes a computer powerful?StorageReliabilityandConsistencyNextSpeed18One type is a modemNetworks and the InternetWhat is a network?p. 10Enables a connection between computersCablesCellular radioTelephone linesSatellitesNextCommunications MediaC

13、ommunications DeviceCollection of computers and devices connected together19To shareNetworks and the InternetWhat are the reasons to network?p. 10ResourcesHardware devicesSoftware programsDataTo save time and moneyInformationNext20Networks and the InternetWhat is a server?p. 10 Fig. 1-8NextManages t

14、he resources on a networkA client accesses the resources on the server21Networks and the InternetWhat is the Internet?p. 11 Fig. 1-9NextWorldwide collection of networks that connects millions of computersClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Internetb

15、elow Chapter 122Networks and the Internetp. 12 Fig. 1-10Why do users access the Internet?2.Information3.Shopping4.Banking and Investing5.Classes6.EntertainmentNext1.Communications23Networks and the InternetWhat is the Web?p. 13A Web site is a collection of related Web pagesA Web page contains text,

16、graphics, sound, video, and links to other Web pagesYou can share information by creating Web pages or posting photos on a photo communityNextBillions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet24Computer SoftwareHow do you install a software program?p. 14 Fig. 1-13

17、NextA program is a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Computer Programs below Chapter 125Computer SoftwareWhat is system software?p. 15is a set of programs that coordinates all activities am

18、ong computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programsNextPrograms that control the operations of the computer and its devices26Computer SoftwareWhat is applicatio

19、n software?p. 16 Fig. 1-15NextPresentation GraphicsSpreadsheetDatabaseWord ProcessingPrograms that perform specific tasks for usersClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Application Software below Chapter 127Computer SoftwareWhat is a programmer?p. 17

20、Fig. 1-16NextSomeone who developsapplication or system softwareProgrammer writesinstructions todirect computer toprocess data intoinformationJavascript programResulting Internet application28Categories of Computersp. 18NextPersonal computers (desktop)Mobile computersand mobile devicesMidrange server

21、sMainframe computersWhat are the categories of computers?Supercomputers29Computer SoftwareWhat is a graphical user interface (GUI)?p. 14 Fig. 1-14NextAllows you to interact with the software using graphics and iconsControls how you enter data and how the screen displays information30Personal Compute

22、rsWhat are the two most popular series of personal computers?p. 19 Figs. 1-181-19NextClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Personal Computers below Chapter 1PC and compatibles use the Windows operating systemApple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operatin

23、g system (Mac OS)31Personal ComputersWhat is a desktop computer?p. 19 Fig. 1-18NextDesigned so all of the components fit on or under a desk or table32Personal ComputersWhat is a notebook computer?p. 20 Fig. 1-20NextPortable, small enough to fit on your lapAlso called a laptop computerGenerally more

24、expensive than a desktop computerClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Notebook Computers below Chapter 133Handheld ComputersWhat is a tablet PC?p. 20 Fig. 1-21NextEspecially useful for taking notesResembles a letter-sized slateAllows you to write on

25、the screen using a digital pen34Handheld ComputersWhat are Web-enabled handheld computers?p. 21 Fig. 1-23Allow you to check e-mail and access the InternetNextWeb-enabled telephone is a “smart phone”35Handheld ComputersWhat is a handheld computer?p. 21NextUsed by mobile employees such as meter reader

26、s and delivery peopleSmall enough to fit in your hand36Handheld ComputersWhat is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?p. 21 Fig. 1-23NextProvides personal organizer functionsCalendarAppointment bookAddress bookCalculatorNotepadClick to view video37ServersWhat types of servers are there?p. 22 and 23 Fi

27、gs. 1-251-27Midrange server Powerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computersMainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computersSupercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical cal

28、culationsNext38Elements of an Information SystemWhat are information system elements?p. 24 Fig. 1-28NextPeopleProceduresDataSoftwareHardware39Examples of Computer Usagep. 25 Fig. 1-29What are five categories of computer users?Next40Examples of Computer UsageWhat software is available for a home user

29、?p. 26 Fig. 1-30Next41Examples of Computer Usagep. 28 Fig. 1-33Local area network (LAN)Productivity softwareSpecialty softwareWeb usageE-mailNextWhat software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user?42HardwareExamples of Computer UsageWhat is available for a mobile user?p. 29 Fig. 1-35SoftwareProductivityPresentationPersonal information managerNext43Examples of Computer UsageWhat are the needs of the large business u