化学能与热能 导学案

1、单元检测卷(五)第卷第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AEveryone has got two personalitiesthe one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You dont show your secret personality when youre awake because you can control your behaviour，but when you

2、re asleep，your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night，of course，people frequently change their position.The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.If you go to sleep on your back，youre a very open person.You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashio

3、n or new ideas.You dont like to upset people，so you never express your real feelings.Youre quite shy and you arent very confident.If you sleep on your stomach，you are a rather secretive person.You worry a lot and youre always easily upset.Youre very stubborn，but you arent very ambitious.You usually

4、live for today not for tomorrow.This means that you enjoy having a good time.If you sleep curled up(卷曲)，you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and so youre often defensive.Youre shy and you dont normally like meeting people.You prefer to be on your own.Youre easily

5、 hurt.If you sleep on your side，you have usually got a well­balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.Youre usually careful.You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel anxious，but you dont often get depressed.You always say what you think even if it annoys people.1Acco

6、rding to the writer，you naturally show your secret and real personality .Aonly in a normal nightBonly when you go to sleepConly when you refuse to show yourself to the worldDonly when you change sleeping position答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.”可知选B项。2W

7、hich is NOT mentioned in the second paragraph about a persons personality?AHe or she is always open with others.BHe or she always likes new ideas earlier than others.CHe or she is always easily upset.DHe or she tends to believe in others.答案C解析细节理解题。第二段第三句中的“You dont like to upset people.”跟C项有区别。3Whi

8、ch of the following shows the personality of a person sleeping on his stomach?AHe or she is careful not to offend others.BHe or she doesnt want to stick to his or her opinion.CHe or she cant be successful in any business.DHe or she likes to bring others happiness.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Youre very stubb

9、orn，but you arent very ambitious.”可知这种人抱负心小，故选C项。4It appears that the writer tends to think highly of the person who sleeps on one side because .Ahe or she always shows sympathy for peopleBhe or she is confident，but not stubbornChe or she has more strengths than weaknessesDhe or she often considers

10、annoying people答案B解析推理判断题。根据第五段，此种人心理素质好，清楚地知道自己的优缺点，坚持正确的主张而不固执。BWhen a Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm，historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past.The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated

11、during the seventeenth century.In this way，artifacts，objects made by human beings，provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago.Underwater archaeologythe study of ships，aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of wateris really a product of the last 50 years.The rapid

12、 growth of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment.Besides the Swedish ship wreck(残骸)，underwater archaeologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5,000­year­old boats in the Mediterranean Sea.Underwater archaeology can provide f

13、acts about the past.In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6,000 years.There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of peoples way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times.Underwater archaeologists want to study these objects to add to the worlds k

14、nowledge of history，but they have to fight two enemies.One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts that they can sell to collectors.Once sold，these objects are lost to experts.The second enemy is dredging machines(挖掘机) often used to repair ports.These machines destroy wrecks and art

15、ifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud.By teaching the public about the importance of underwater “museums” of the past，archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures.5What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage?ATo provide background information of th

16、e topic.BTo attract readers attention to the topic.CTo use an example to support the topic.DTo offer basic knowledge of the topic.答案B解析推理判断题。本文以在海底发现一艘沉船开篇，其目的就是引起读者的兴趣。6The aim of underwater archaeology is to .Aexploit water bodiesBsearch for underwater lifeCstudy underwater artifactsDexamine under

17、water environment答案C解析细节理解题。从最后一段可知，水下考古的目的是研究在很久以前被淹没在水下的一些物品，进而研究当时的历史情况。7Underwater archaeologists are worried because .Asea hunters have better diving equipmentBtheir knowledge of world history is limitedCdredging machines cause damage to the portsDsold artifacts can hardly be regained for resea

18、rch答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Once sold，these objects are lost to experts.”得出答案。8What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo introduce a young branch of learning.BTo discuss the scientists problems.CTo explain peoples way of life in the past.DTo describe the sunken ships.答案A解析写作意图题。本文阐述研究领域的最新分支水下考古。CFor m

19、e，my great moment came when I actually decided to accept an opportunity to teach English in Shanghai.There were times when I almost gave up because of fear.But in the end I came here.Last summer，a Canadian­Chinese woman who teaches in Shanghai just happened to come to the place where I was work

20、ing in the Seattle area.We talked and I said I had always wanted to teach abroad.She said，“Come to our school.”“Okay，” I replied，but I wasnt sure if I meant it.We met later for coffee.She answered all of my questions about the school，and gave me the website address and the email address of the perso

21、n to contact.It took six months for me to finally decide on the job.First of all，in Shanghai there are many western places to eat western food and lots of interesting things to do.Also，there is a great subway system with directions and stops posted in English.Finding your way around is a challenge i

22、n a new place.But that isnt hard here.Taxis are very cheap；you can always jump in one and get home.There are also a lot of westerners in Shanghai，so it is fairly easy to ask for directions.Young Chinese people are much more likely to speak English and they are wonderfully helpful.I earn almost 1,000

23、 per month and live in a nice rent­free apartment.My biggest expense has been food as I am a vegetarian(素食者)and also on a diet.I still have not got used to the traditional Chinese food，but if you like it，youll be in heaven.Here I have a good place to live in，new friends，a high salary，and a good

24、 job.In the US，getting a job at my age has been next to impossible for a woman.9We can infer that at first the writer .Awasnt interested in teaching abroad at allBwasnt sure whether to accept the job to teach in ShanghaiCknew she would be popular as a teacher in ChinaDthought the Canadian­Chine

25、se woman was joking答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“There were times when I almost gave up because of fear.”以及第三段最后一句“It took six months for me to finally decide on the job.”可知一开始，作者不是很确定是否要去上海教学。10According to the passage，it seems that .Athere are no good restaurants for the writer in ShanghaiBthe writer someti

26、mes feels lonely in ShanghaiCthe writer doesnt like traveling in ShanghaiDthe writer likes her life in Shanghai答案D解析推理判断题。作者在第四段描述了在上海生活的便利，故可推断她很喜欢在上海的生活。11What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 4 refer to?ALiving in a new place.BDealing with a challenge.CFinding your way around.DTaking

27、a taxi.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“Finding your way around is a challenge in a new place.”以及转折的语境可知，画线词指代的是前面“找路”一事。12We can infer the writer most probably .Aspends lots of money each monthBlived alone when she was in the United StatesChad a very good job before she left her countryDfeels happy to have made

28、 the decision to teach in Shanghai答案D解析推理判断题。根据末段的内容可知作者在上海工作给她带来了很多好处，而如果在美国，她这个年纪不一定能找到工作，故可推断她很高兴自己做了这个来上海工作的决定。DMost people would say that they want to lead a healthier life.In fact，to become healthier you have to be willing to make changes to your daily life，and stick with them.Even small chang

29、es in your diet and fitness plan will not only keep you healthy，but make you see a big difference in how you look and feel.Diet alone is not enough for you to become healthier.Exercise is also a very important part.You need to have a regular exercise that will help you burn the calories.There are se

30、veral choices of regular exercise.Joining a fitness club is a good way to ensure that you have a place to go，which will allow you to have good teachers to help you and exercise classes you can attend.Aerobics(有氧运动) is an excellent way to get a good workout.Aerobic classes offer a fun atmosphere of m

31、usic and exercise.Walking daily is a good form of exercise but to benefit from it you need keep a steady pace and walk often.You can even exercise in the comfort of your own home.There are many great exercise videos that will give you a great workout and that will be great guides for you to find the

32、 right exercise for your body type.Including your family in your decision to live a healthier life is a good idea.Since you will be changing your diet and adding a fitness plan，you will need their support.If you have support from others，especially your family，your plan will work wonders.When you adj

33、ust(调整) your diet，your families diet will probably be adjusted，too.You can create fun activities that will encourage your children to exercise，and also give them a chance to get fit，too.13According to the first paragraph，to have a healthy life .Ayou should try to look handsomeByoud better change you

34、r diet more or lessCyoud better eat as little as possibleDyou should change yourself very much答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Even small changes in your diet and fitness plan will not only keep you healthy.”可知，如果你想要有一个健康的生活方式，就多少需要改变一下饮食结构。14All the following can help you to keep healthy EXCEPT .Aattending exerc

35、ise classesBwalking oftenCjoining fitness clubsDlying at home答案D解析细节理解题。文章第二段介绍了保持健康的若干有效方式，其中包括参加健身俱乐部、训练班和坚持锻炼等。只有D项的意思和文意不符。15The second paragraph mainly tells us that .Ahealthy diet can keep you healthy all the timeBaerobics is a good way to keep you healthyCexercise is important to keep you hea

36、lthyDthere are all kinds of sport activities答案C解析段落大意题。根据第二段可知，不管是参加训练班，还是参加健康俱乐部都要求加强锻炼，这样才能保持健康，由此可知该段的段落大意。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The first time Luca heard the Island of Inventions，he never stopped searching for clues which might lead him to that place of wo

37、nder.He read hundreds of adventure books，histories，volumes of physics and chemistry，even music.Taking a little from here，a little from there，he got at quite a clear idea of what the Island of Inventions was really like. 16 .To be able to join that select club，you had to have created some great inven

38、tions for humanity.Only then could you receive the unique and special invitation which came with instructions on how to get to the island. 17 ，Luca spent the years of his youth studying and inventing.Every new idea he got，he made it into an invention，and if there were ever anything he didnt understa

39、nd，he would seek out someone who could help him.Soon he met other young brilliant inventors too，and he told them of the secrets and marvels(奇迹) of the Island of Inventions. 18 ，their interesting individual inventions were put together.Their inventions became known throughout the world，and managed to

40、 improve every aspect of life. 19 .They did not lose heart.They continued learning and inventing every day，trying to come up with more and better ideas.Fresh young talent was added to their group，as more and more inventors dreamed of getting to the island.One day，Luca told the young man the great se

41、cret of the Island of Inventions，and of how he was sure that some day they would receive an invitation.The young man said，“What？You mean this isnt really the Island of Inventions？”When he was old he realized that no place of invention would be better than what he and his friends had created. 20 ，and

42、 that his life of invention and study had been a truly happy one.ABut Luca felt happy；he came to know that he had already been on the islandBAs time went byCBut even after all that，no invitation cameDTo get such a chanceEIt was a secret place，where all the great wise men of the world would meet to l

43、earn and invent togetherFSince then nobody had believed what he saidGSo they gave up their dream of getting to the Island of Inventions答案16.E17.D18.B19.C20.A第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。We planned to build a highway passing an old woo

44、d in a village.But an old woman called Mary Smith was 21 it strongly.I visited her trying to find the 22 .She took me for a 23 to the woods.“Ive always loved this place，” she said，“I come here to be away from people，to be 24 .”It was indeed 25 that day and the songs of many birds could be heard.I co

45、uld 26 the noise of vehicles passing through these 27 woods when the highway was built.But the village was quite a dangerous place 28 the bad traffic especially for old people and children.Their 29 was more important than a quiet place.“Look at this tree.What can you 30 ？” I looked carefully.Under t

46、he branch there were some letters and a picture of a heart.The heart was still there but the letters were 31 .“You might not be 32 to recognize the words.Let me 33 them for you.” She said softly，“It says Robin Holmes loves Mary Smith.We were very much in love，but he had to 34 .He went to the army.”

47、Mary Smith was quiet for a while.Then she 35 sadly.I knew he must have been 36 in the war and I was right.She lightly touched the 37 ，just as if she was touching him.“I was alone all these years.Now I have nothingexcept the 38 this tree holds.And now they want to take our tree away from me.If I meet

48、 that 39 man who says about the value of the highway they are going to build here，I will kill him.I will 40 him：Has he never loved，has he never lived，does he not know anything about memories？”I turned away，sick at heart.21A.for BagainstCbehind Dround答案B解析由下文老妇人所说的话可知，她强烈反对在树林里修建公路。be against反对。22A.r

49、esult BsecretCproblem Dreason答案D解析“我”去找老妇人，试图弄清她反对的“原因”。23A.walk BjokeCjourney Drest答案A解析根据下文描述的老妇人和“我”在树林里的对话可知，她带“我”到树林里“散步”。24A.alone BhappyCbusy Dfree答案A解析根据上句“I come here to be away from people”可知答案。25A.hot BstrangeCpleasant Dtiring答案C解析根据下文的描述“the songs of many birds could be heard”可知，走在这样的林子里

50、很愉快。26A.enjoy BbearCremember Dimagine答案D解析修路计划还没有实施，所以作者是“想象”出汽车通过这片宁静的树林将会是怎样的喧闹。27A.mysterious BpeacefulCnoisy Dremote答案B解析根据下文提示“more important than a quiet place”可知答案。28A.but for Bexcept forCbecause of Din spite of答案C解析我们要修路，肯定是有修路的必要。“因为”糟糕的交通状况，这个村庄非常危险，尤其对老人和孩子更是这样。29A.hobby BhealthCexercise

51、Dsafety答案D解析由上文提到的危险可知，这里要说老人和孩子们的安全比一个安静的地方更重要。30A.see BhearCexpect Dreceive答案A解析根据上文“Look at this tree.”可知，老妇人问“我”能看到什么。31A.unusual BunclearCmissing Dremaining答案B解析根据下文“You might not be to recognize the words.”可知，这些字母不清楚了。32A.suitable BreadyCable Dglad答案C解析根据下文老妇人为“我”读这些模糊的字可知，她觉得“我”可能无法辨认出这些字。33A

52、.recite BchooseCtranslate Dread答案D解析参考上题解析。34A.leave BstopCwork Dfail答案A解析根据下文“He went to the army.”可知，他不得不离开。35A.sang BsmiledCcried Dshouted答案C解析根据后面的“sadly”以及老人的话语可以推测出，她深爱的男人死于战争中，说到这里，她伤心地哭了。36A.wounded BkilledCpunished Dawarded答案B解析参考上题解析。37A.leg BgroundCtree Dheart答案C解析根据语境可知，她抚摸着这棵“树”。38A.mem

53、ories BleavesChardship Ddream答案A解析根据下文“does he not know anything about memories”可知，老妇人说她现在一无所有，有的只是这棵树承载的记忆。39A.wise BpoorCkind Dawful答案D解析老妇人强烈反对修路，因此她会说建议在此修路的那个家伙是“可恶的”。40A.teach BaskCthank Dinterview答案B解析下文是老妇人要“质问”在此修路的人的话。第卷第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单

54、词)或括号内单词的正确形式。A：Hid.You look excited.Whats 41.happening(happen)?B：It is said that a 42.singing(sing) contest will be held in our school soon.And I think 43.it a good chance to exercise my singing talents.A：By the way，are they 44.giving(give) prizes?B：A pocket radio will be given 45.as a reward to th

55、e first prize winner.A：46.Are you going to take part in it?B：Sure.Itll 47.turn out fine if I practice a lot.A：Really？But I dont think youve 48.practised(practise) enough.B：Im going to.I bet I can get the first prize.A：Dont be so sure.I think you need to have 49.a music teacher to help you.B：I dont t

56、hink it necessary.People say I have a good 50.voice.第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Dear friends，It is real a good chance to have met all of you here.We hav