冬季鸡舍通风ppt课件

1、VENTILATING POULTRY HOUSES DURING COLD WEATHER 冬季鸡舍通风冬季鸡舍通风YANTAIBernard GreenWhy We Ventilate 为什么要通风为什么要通风We ventilate to: 通风是为了:Create an air exchange 空气交换Control moisture levels (relative humidity/RH) 控制湿度Supply oxygen提供氧气Remove harmful gases (CO , CO, NH ) 排出有害气体Control the heat load 控制热量积聚Contr

2、ol the bird effective temperature 控制鸡群体感温度Combination of temperature, relative humidity, air speed, bird age 温度、湿度、风速及鸡的年龄综协作用Always ventilate to achieve and maintain BIRD COMFORT 通风一直要到达并坚持鸡群温馨How We Ventilate 如何进展通风如何进展通风At or below set point temperature minimum ventilation 低于设定温度 - 最小通风Regardless

3、 of outside temperature, a certain amount of fresh air must be brought into the house 无论外界温度如何，鸡舍都要有一定的新颖空气进入Maintain air quality 坚持空气质量Maintain floor/house temperature 坚持垫料及鸡舍温度Bird comfort is achieved through maintaining good temperature control 坚持鸡舍温度稳定使鸡群温馨No air movement at bird level 鸡群高度位置没有风

4、速Fans operate on a cycle timer 风机经过循环定时钟控制How We Ventilate 如何进展通风如何进展通风Above set point temperature transition and tunnel ventilation 高于设定温度 - 过渡通风和纵向通风Fans run continuously 风机继续运转Higher rate of ventilation 通风量较大Remove bird heat from the house 排出鸡群产生的热量Tunnel Ventilation - cool the birds with air mov

5、ement (windchill) 纵向通风 经过空气流动降低鸡群温度Pad cooling assists tunnel ventilation by cooling the air 湿帘冷却 - 经过冷却空气提高纵向通风效果Bird comfort is priority! 鸡群温馨最重要！When Do We Use Min Vent? 什么时候采用最小通风什么时候采用最小通风It can be used summer and winter 可以在夏季及冬季运用It is used anytime the actual house temperature is below the req

6、uired set point temperature for the birds 鸡舍温度低于理想的设定温度时就可以运用It is used when trying to maintain temperature, but still putting the least amount of fresh air possible to maintain good air quality 为了坚持温度但是还需求一定的新颖空气进入鸡舍一坚持空气质量When the house temperature goes above the required set point temperature, th

7、en it is no longer in minimum ventilation mode 当鸡舍的温度超越设定的要求温度时，就不再进展最小通风Set Point Temperature设定温度设定温度Minimum Ventilation 最小通风最小通风Transition and Tunnel Ventilation 过渡及纵向通风过渡及纵向通风Bird Requirements 鸡只需求鸡只需求 Warm floor during brooding 育雏时暖和的地面 Good temperature control 良好的温度控制 Good air quality (oxygen)

8、良好的空气质量 No temperature fluctuations 温度没有动摇 No drafts 没有贼风 No environmental stresses 没有环境应激 It doesnt matter what type of housing you have! 不论是什么类型的鸡舍 These are the bird requirements and somehow you must provide them 这是鸡的需求，他必需提供应它们 Closed environment houses are better equipped to provide this 密闭鸡舍的良

9、好设备能更好地提供这些要求Your House The Starting Point 鸡舍鸡舍 是根底是根底The “quality of the house can make or break any ventilation system 鸡舍的“质量可以运转或破坏任何通风系统的运转Regardless of the type of ventilation system, it is important to SEAL THE HOUSE 无论何种通风方式，密闭鸡舍非常重要Gives better control over what is happening inside 对于鸡舍内部情况可

10、以更好的控制Reduces the effect of outside conditions 减少外界条件的影响Gives you more control over the incoming air 更好地控制新颖空气的进入Roof insulation plays a key role 屋顶隔热性能起到关键的作用A good house is: 好的鸡舍是：Well sealed, air tight 密闭良好，无漏风Well insulated 隔热性能良好Minimum House Pressure Based on Fan Capacity and House Size 基于鸡舍大小

11、及风机通风量的最小负压11151500185022302600300033503720House Floor Area (m)51000476004420041000375003400030600Test Fan (m/hr)1520253035404550556065707580Problems With Poorly Sealed Houses 鸡舍密闭性能差呵斥的问题鸡舍密闭性能差呵斥的问题Cold floors due to drafts 因贼风而呵斥较凉的地面Cold drafts onto the chicks/birds 冷的贼风吹到鸡体身上More difficult to m

12、aintain temperature in winter 冬季保温更难More difficult to ventilate effectively in winter 冬季难以进展有效通风Stress, stocking density, uniformity, health, poor start 应激，密度，均匀度，安康，开端差Cold drafts onto the heater probe 冷的贼风吹到温度探头Heat loss through the cracks and openings 热量丧失No mixing of cold incoming air with warm

13、inside air 冷热空气不能很好混合Unable to access the heat in the peak of the roof 没有利用到屋顶的热量High heating costs, cant maintain temperature 保温本钱高，不能坚持温度Poor Sealing 密闭差密闭差Always seal from outside 一直从外侧进展密闭Cold Air Leakage at Catching Door 冷空气从门的漏缝处进入冷空气从门的漏缝处进入Sealed vs. Unsealed Side Wall 密闭好和密闭差的鸡舍侧墙密闭好和密闭差的鸡舍

14、侧墙Chick Spread Uninsulated, Poor Seal 鸡群分布鸡群分布 隔热差，密闭不好隔热差，密闭不好Chick Spread Insulated, Sealed 鸡群分布鸡群分布 - 隔热性能好，密闭良好隔热性能好，密闭良好House Leakage 鸡舍漏风鸡舍漏风Cold floors, wet litter, heater activated 地面凉，垫料湿，加热设备任务Wasted Heat 浪费热量Curtain Leakage on a Windy Day 大风天时卷帘漏风大风天时卷帘漏风Air Leakage Through a Poorly Seale

15、d Curtain 卷帘密闭差时的鸡舍漏风卷帘密闭差时的鸡舍漏风Managing HousesThat Are Not “Air Tight 漏风鸡舍的管理漏风鸡舍的管理 SEAL THE HOUSE! 密闭鸡舍！密闭鸡舍！! Minimal cost, huge impact 最低本钱，宏大的影响最低本钱，宏大的影响 Make sure tunnel inlets can seal tight 确保纵向进确保纵向进风口密闭风口密闭 Make sure curtains seal 确保卷帘密闭确保卷帘密闭 Seal around doors 密闭门窗密闭门窗 Seal all unused f

16、ans 密闭不运用的风机密闭不运用的风机 Seal around inlets 进风口四缜密闭进风口四缜密闭 Seal all joints in the roof 屋顶结合处密闭屋顶结合处密闭 Seal drainage holes 密闭下水孔密闭下水孔 This will give you (more) control over the incoming air 这将会更好地控制进入鸡舍的新颖空气这将会更好地控制进入鸡舍的新颖空气Heating 加热加热 Make sure there is MORE than enough heating capacity 确保鸡舍足够的加热才干 Mor

17、e often results in lower total consumption 能量耗费反而会少 Ensure good, even distribution of the heat 确保加热量、设备分布均匀 Be cautious when using circulation/stir fans 运用循环风机或搅拌风扇时要小心 Sometimes they create drafts at bird level 有时会产生贼风 Preheat the house for at least 2-3 days 鸡舍预热2-3天 Make sure floors are warm befor

18、e chicks arrive (min 30C) 确保雏鸡到达时的地面温度最低30C“Quick Fix Minimum Ventilation “快速处理最小通风快速处理最小通风Fan jet system 风机送风系统Air cannons and “pressure inlets are a cost effective “quick fix for houses without minimum ventilation 通风管和负压进风口对于没有最小通风系统的鸡舍能以较低的本钱有效地进展通风Air cannons are not the ultimate solution 通风管不是最

19、终方法The volume of air they supply is too small 进风量太小Circulation fans can help to distribute heat (but they are NOT a substitute for minimum ventilation) 循环风机能有助于使热量分布均匀但是也不能替代最小通风Fan Jet 风机送风Fan Jet 风机送风Inlet Damper进风口风门Fan Jet System 风机送风系统Fan Jet送风风机Plastic Tube塑料管道Exhaust Fan 排风机Tube Holes and Air

20、 Flow Direction管道孔及气流方向Fan Jet System 送风系统Advantages: 优点“Positive pressure system 正压通风系统House does not have to be extremely well sealed 鸡舍不用密闭非常好Fan jet runs continuously good mixing of air and heat 送风风机延续运转 空气和热量混合良好Incoming air directed up away from birds 进入的新颖空气气流向上，远离鸡群高度Heating system can be lo

21、cated at FJ for distribution 加热系统可以置于送风系统内以使热量均匀分布Relatively cheap system 相对经济的系统Disadvantages: 缺陷May not be able to provide enough min vent for whole cycle (depends on stocking density, weight) 整个循环周期内也许不能提供足够的最小通风量取决于豢养密度，体重Tube is biosecurity risk must be well cleaned 管道有生物平安的风险 必需很好清洗Air Cannons

22、 通风管Pressure Balanced Inlet 压力调理进风口Air Cannons, Pressure Inlets 通风管，负压进风口 Advantages: 优点Quite an effective minimum ventilation system 比较有效的最小通风系统Fairly cost effective cheap “inlets (90mm pipe) 本钱低 进风口廉价Curtains stay closed 卷帘不断封锁Mixes incoming air with warm house air 新颖空气和暖空气混合Disadvantages:缺陷System

23、 works on negative pressure, so 系统以负压方式任务House must be well sealed, or else 鸡舍必需密闭良好House may get colder than before, chicks more stressed 鸡舍温度能够比以前低，鸡群应激较大Do not take this approach unless house can be well sealed 鸡舍密闭不好时不要采用这种方法Requires ventilation controller or cycle timer 需求通风控制系统或定时钟Bringing in

24、Cold Air 冷空气进入鸡舍冷空气进入鸡舍Chicks chilled, wet litter 鸡群着凉，垫料潮湿Valuable Heat Wasted浪费热空气Negative Pressure VentilationClosed Environment Houses负压通风，密闭式鸡舍What is Negative Pressure? 什么是负压？ When a fan tries to extract more air from a house than is allowed to enter the house 当风机需求排出的空气比进入的空气多时 When this happ

25、ens air rushes in through inlets to replace the exhausted air 任务时，空气从进风口快速进入以交换排出去的空气 Just because a fan is running, doesnt mean there is a negative pressure 仅有风机运转时，并不一定是负压Why Is It Important? 为什么很重要？为什么很重要？ With negative pressure, air enters evenly through every inlet 负压时，空气均匀地进入鸡舍 If your house l

26、eaks, it also comes through all the leaks! 假设鸡舍漏风，空气也可从漏缝处进入 By spreading inlets evenly can get even fresh air distribution 进风口分布均匀，空气进入也均匀 By restricting inlet size, can regulate incoming air speed 调理进风口大小，可以调理空气进入速度 Control over how far the air goes into the house 控制空气以何种方式进入鸡舍 Air should go to th

27、e middle (peak) of the roof 空气应该进入到鸡舍屋顶中间 Higher incoming speed allows better mixing 风速快，混合更好 Pressure determines the incoming air speed 负压决议风速 High pressure high air speed 负压高，风速快 Low pressure low air speed 负压低，风速慢 The wider the house higher the pressure 鸡舍越宽，负压要求越大 By using pressure, we can put th

28、e air where we want it 利用负压，我们可以使空气以需求的方式进入鸡舍Why Is It Important? 为什么很重要？为什么很重要？Air Movement Based on Pressure 不同负压情况下的空气流动不同负压情况下的空气流动Low Pressure 负压低Bit higher高一点Higher 又高一点Just right 刚好Negative Pressure vs House Width 负压和鸡舍宽度负压和鸡舍宽度The following is a rough guide for the negative pressure at diffe

29、rent house widths 不同宽度鸡舍的负压参考House Width 鸡舍宽度perating Pressure 任务负压10m10Pa12m13Pa14m15Pa15m20Pa18m25PaNote: The above is only a guide. Actual operating pressure may vary depending on the type of inlet and shape and angle of the ceiling/roof, etc.Minimum Ventilation System 最小通风系统最小通风系统 Cross ventilat

30、ion is most successful 横向通风最胜利 Fans and inlets located in the side walls 风机/进风口置于侧墙上 Hot air gathers in the peak of the roof 热空气积聚在鸡舍屋顶 Fans operate on a cycle timer 风机以定时钟控制运转 Pressure controlled side wall inlets direct cold air to peak负压控制侧墙进风口，调理冷空气到达鸡舍中间 Cold, moist air mixes and pushes hot, dry

31、 air down 冷而湿的空气与暖空气混合，迫使暖而干的空气向下 Distributes fresh, warm air 新颖而较暖的空气均匀分布 Low air movement at bird level (4cm) + (Pressure) 正确的空气流动正确的空气流动= 开启开启4厘米以上厘米以上+负压负压The Most Critical Part Of Your Minimum Ventilation System? 最小通风系统最关键的部分？最小通风系统最关键的部分？If the tunnel inlet does not close tight, your minimum v

32、entilation system will not function properly 假设纵向进风口不能密闭，最小通风就不可以很好地运转Management/Stockmanship 管理 The above is not worth much without good management 假设没有很好的管理，上述这些就没有价值可言 Manager is link between birds and ventilation system 管理人员是鸡群和通风系统的衔接纽带 Must be able to “read bird behaviour and other signs 必需懂得“

33、阅读鸡群的行为和其它表现 Must be able to adjust vent to satisfy bird requirement 必需可以只满足鸡群的需求进展通风 There is NO ventilation system that does not require management 没有一种通风系统是不需求管理的 Training and education about new equipment and technology is very important! 对于新设备和新技术的培训非常重要！Minimum Ventilation Rate 最小通风量最小通风量Theor

34、etical/calculated rates are only a guide! 实际/计算的数值只能作参考The right minimum rate is critical for bird performance and to minimise heat consumption 正确的最小通风量是鸡群消费性能和最小保温本钱的关键Under ventilation bird performance is compromised 通风缺乏 鸡群消费性能受影响Over ventilation excessive heat consumption, dry house, possible dr

35、afts on birds 通风量过大 加热本钱高，鸡舍枯燥，能够呵斥贼风Evaluate your minimum ventilation setting every day 每天评价最小通风量的设定Minimum ventilation fans should operate on a cycle timer 最小通风风机应该由定时钟控制Example of Minimum Ventilation Rate 最小通风量举例最小通风量举例Example Calculation 计算举例计算举例Assume: 假设Bird weight = 800g ; 10 000 birds 体重=800

36、克，10000只鸡Ventilation “factor = 0,594m/hr/kg 通风系数 = 0,594m/hr/kg Calculation: 计算Ventilation = 10 000 x 0,594m/hr/bird = 5 940m/hrCycle Timer Setting: 定时钟设定5 minute cycle ; 1 x fan 20 000m/hr (example) 5分钟循环Time ON = (5 940 x 5) (1 x 20 000) = 1,6 minutesTime ON = 1 min 36 secTime OFF = 3 min 24 secNo

37、te: This is an example on how to perform the calculation, and does not necessarily suggest that the “Ventilation Factor used above is theonly way to calculate minimum ventilation Evaluating Minimum Ventilation 最小通风评价最小通风评价The only way is by visiting the house 只需一种方式：进鸡舍Done preferably first thing ea

38、ch morning 每天早上的第一件事Evaluate in the first 30-60 seconds: 刚进入鸡舍30-60秒时评价Bird comfort, spread, activity 鸡群的温馨度，分布，活动“Stuffiness “闷Humidity level 湿度Ammonia 氨气Condensation/sweating (walls, drinker pipes, steel) 冷凝水“AIR QUALITY “空气质量What you feel in first 30-60 seconds is what the chicken lived with all night 进鸡舍后前30-60秒的觉得就是鸡群整晚所处的环境“Purging the house in the morning is unacceptable 早晨大量通风不可取(Purging running many fans to clear the air)Evaluating Minimum Ventilation