中考英语三大从句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)

1、【中考英语专项复习一一宾语从句】 (一) 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语， 或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导 宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。that 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非 正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wan ted to stay at home. She doesn t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what,

2、 which 和连接畐 U 词 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 例 如： Do you know who (whom) they are wait ing for? He asked whose han dwrit ing was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don t know why theiin is late. 3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。if 和 whether 在句中的意思是 是否”例如： I wa

3、nt to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. (二) 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为 陈述句的语序。例如： I hear (that) physics isn t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when we ll have the meeting. (三) 宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时

4、态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。 I don t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果 主句的时态是一般过去时， 宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去 时，过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时)。例如： He asked what time it was.6. Do you know the girl in red is? He told me that he was prepari

5、 ng for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是 客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。例如: Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 注意： 运用虚拟语气的情况在表示建议 suggest、advis

6、e、propose;要求 dema nd、 desire reques； 决定 decide; 命令 order、comma nd require; 坚决主张 in sist;等动词后跟宾 语从句，用虚拟语气：(should)+v.(原形) Eg： I suggested that you( should) study hard. He ordered that we (should )go out at once 【中考链接】 1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me _ ? A. where you buy it B. where do y

7、ou buy it C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it 2. Excuse me .Could you tell me _ I can get to the Space Museum? -Of course. You can take bus No.1. A. where B. how C. if D. why 3. _ Do you know the new mobile phone last week? -Maybe 900 yuan. I nmt quite sure. B. how much will she pay for C

8、. how much did she pay for 4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that _ he succeeds. A. how much she paid for 6. Do you know the girl in red is? A. what B. whe n C. why D. where 5. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie. It s about A. how did Alice end the Red Quee n s r

9、eig n（o 恐怖统治） B. what did Alice end the Red Quee n s reig n of terror C. how Alice en ded the Red Quee n s reig n of terror D. what Alice en ded the Red Quee n s reig n of terror I m not sure. Maybe a teacher. 7. What did your pare nts tha nk about your decisi on? the train leave 10. Could you tell

10、me -Fill in this form and I will give you a card. 12. -Tommy, do you know if Frank -Sorry, I have no idea. A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine 13. No one can be sure _ in a millio n years. A. what man looks like B. what will man look like C. wha

11、t man looked like D. what man will look like 14. Sue told me that she _ shopp ing with her sister the n ext day. A. will go B. would go C. goes D. has gone 15. The n ew-desig ned car is on show no w. I won der _ . A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much does it c

12、ost A. whe n B. how C. where D. what -They always let me do I think I should. A. whe n B. that C. how D. what 8. I want to know A. whe n we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport C. when the airport we should arrive at D. whe n the airport should we arrive at 9. -Would

13、you please tell me -At 10:00 this evening. A. whe n will the train leave B. when the train will leave C. whe n does A. how I can meet Cathy B. where I can meet Cathy C. when I can meet Cathy 11. -Do you kn ow the man with sun glasses is? -I m not sure. Maybe a reporter. A. who B. what C. where D. ho

14、w to the zoo this Sun day if it 16. -When do you thi nk _ ? -About half past five. I will pick him up at the airport. A. he will come B. will he come C. did he come D. he came 17. Our teacher told us the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises 18. -Listen! It is still noisy in the head

15、 teacher s office. -Go and see _ they have fini shed correct ing the papers yet. A. though B. whether C. uni ess D. while 19. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China? -Sorry. I don t know _ . A. whe n did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay

16、abroad 20. -Do you know _ the man with sun glasses is? -I m not sure. Maybe a reporter. A. who B. what C. where D. how 1-5 CBACC 6-10 DDABA 11【解析】选 B 12【解析】选 A。结合题意汤姆，如果天气好的话，你知道弗 兰克这个星期六将去动物园吗？ ”可知第一个空是宾语从句，要用一般将来时， 第二个空是条件状语从句，要用一般现在时，故排除 B、C、D 三项，选 A。 13【解析】选 D。从语序方面先排除 B，另结合时间状语 in a million yea

17、rs 可知 要用一般将来时， 14【解析】选 B。结合主句中的 told 和从句中的 the next day 可知要用过去将来 时，故排除 A、C、D 三项 15【解析】选 C 16【解析】选 A。问句是带有插入语 do you think 的宾语从句，要用陈述语序， 先排除 B、C 二项；另结合答句中的 will pick him up 可知要用一般将来时，故舍 D 选 A。 17【解析】选 D。从句中所说 太阳从东边升起”是客观事实，所以不管主句用什 么时态，从句总是用一般现在时，故正确答案为 D. 18【解析】选 B。考查 whether 引导的宾语从句。结合题意 去看看他们是否已改

18、完了试卷” 19【解析】选 D 20【解析】选 B。四个选项都可以引导宾语从句，结合答语 “ Maybea reporter. 可知问句是在询问人的职业，故正确答案为 B。题意为 你知道那个戴眼镜的男 人是做什么的吗？ ” 【中考英语专项复习一一状语从句】 状语从句用来修饰主句中的 动词，副词和形容词 的从句叫状语从句。根据其 含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状 语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。 1. 时间状语从句 (1) 时间状语从句常用 when, as, while, before, after, since, till,

19、 until, as soon a 连 词来引导。 It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the teleph one rang. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. He had lear ned a little Chin ese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. (2

20、) 在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状 态。 I ll ring you up as soon aget to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He won t beiive it until he sees it with his own eyes. 2. 条件状语从句 (1) 条件状语从句通常由 if, unl ess 引导。 What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don t leave the buildi ng unl ess I te

21、ll you to. (2) 在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。 I ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He won t be late unlelse is ill. (3) 祈使句+ and (or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复 合句。 Study hard and you will pass the exam. = If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 3. 原因状语从句 (1) 原因状语从句通常由 because, sinc

22、e, a 引导。 He didn t come to schOOcause he was ill. As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. Since you can t an swer the questi on, I ll ask some one else. (2) because 表示直接原因，语气最强。 Because 引导的原因状语从句多放在主 句之后。回答由 why 提出的问题，只能用 because As 和 si nee 语气较弱，一 般用来表示明显的原因。由 as 和 since 引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。 Why aren

23、 t going there-?BecauseI don t want to. As he has no car, he can t get there easily. Since we have no money, we can t buy it. because 和 so 不能同用在一个句子里。 4. 结果状语从句 (1)结果状语从句由 sothat, such that, so 引导。 He is so poor thathe can t buy a bike for his son She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.

24、 My pencil fell under the desk, so thatl couldn t see it. sothat 语 such.that 可以互换。 在由 so.that 引导的结果状语从句中，so 是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是： “ .so +形容词(副词)+ that + 从句”。 例如：The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. 在由 suchthat 引导的结果状语从句中，such 是形容词，它修饰的可以是单 数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不 带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定

25、冠词 a 或 an。 It was such a hot day that n obody wan ted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.天花板) He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。 It was such a won derful film that all of us wan ted to see it aga in. =The film

26、was so won derful that all of us wan ted to see it aga in. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it. =The match is so importa nt that n obody wants to miss it. (3) 如果名词前由 many, much, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用 so,不用 such。 Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.

27、 He has so little time that he can t go to the cine 去看电影） with you. 5比较状语从句 比较状语从句通常由 asas,比较级+ than 等连词引导。 Tom runs faster than Joh n does. 6. 目的状语从句 （1）目的状语从句通常由 so that, i n order that （为了，以便）引导。 We started early so that we could catch the first trai n. He studies hard so that he could work bette

28、r in the future. We used the computer in order that we might save time. so that 既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句 的办法有两个：1）目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词 ca n, could, may, might 等。 2）从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如： Speak clearly so that they may understand you.目 的状语从句） Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. （结果状语从句） 7.

29、让步状语从句 （1） 让步状语从句通常由 although, though（尽管，虽然）等连词引导。 Though he is young, he knows a lot. Although I am tired, I must go on working. （2） although（though）不能用在同一个句子中。并且句子中不能再用 but。 我们不能说： Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. 应该说： Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或者：It was raini

30、ng hard, bul he still went out.（二者单独用，但是汉语翻译的时候，可以把 but 的含义 “但是”翻译出来） &地点状语从句 地点状语从句常常由 where 来引导。例如：Where there is a will, there is a way. 总结：状语从句分类及常用连词： 类别 连词 时间状语从句 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once （ 但） 地点状语从句 where, wherever 原因状语从句 because, sin ce, as, for, now th

31、at 既然，由于） A. Though B. Since C. For D. So 2. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us? -1 thi nk he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be 3. In the zoo if a child _ into the water and can t swim, the dolphins may come u _ him.

32、A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helpi ng 4. I don t remember _ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who 5. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming 6. The police asked the

33、 childre n _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned gree n. A. not; before B. don t; wherC. not to; until D. not; after 7.1 was late for class yesterday _ there was somethi ng wrong with my bike. A. whe n B. that C. un til D. because 8. I ll go swimming with you if I _ free tomorrow. A. will b

34、e B. shall be C. am D. was 9. I n the exam, the _ you are, _ the _ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less 10. You should finish your less ons _ you go out to play. 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 比较状语从句 方式状语从句 【中考链接】 in order that(

35、为了，以便),so that so that, so that, such that, that if, uni ess, as(so)l ong as though, although, eve n if, eve n though, however, whatever as as, so as, than as, as if, as though he s old, he can still carry this heavy bag. 1. A. before B. after C. whe n D. while 11. I hurried _ I wouldn t be late for

36、 class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. uni ess 12. When you read the book, you dbetter make a mark _ you have any questi ons. A. which B. that C. where D. though 13. The teacher raised his voice _ all the stude nts could hear him. A. for B. so that C. because D. in order 14. He took off his coat _

37、he felt hot. A. because B. as C. if D. since 15. It is _ that we d like to go out for a walk. A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day 16. Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very 17. _ I felt very tired, I trie

38、d to fin ish the work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if 18. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As 19. _ well you can drive, you must drive carefully. A. Solong as B. In order that C. No matterhow D. The mome nt 20. Write to me as soon as you _ to Beiji ng. A.

39、 will get B. get C. getting D. Got 1. A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B 【中考英语专项复习一一定语从句】 一、 定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的名词或代词叫先 行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词， 常见的关系代词包括 that,which， who （宾格 whom，所有格 whose）等，关系畐寸词包括 wh

40、ere, when，why 等。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用， 同时又作定语从句 的重要成分。 三、 定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语 从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去， 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开， 起补充说明作用，如省去，意思 仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不 可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gen tie 玛丽喜欢轻

41、柔的音乐。（that 作主语） The coat（ that） I put on the desk is blue 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that 作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可 省略。例如： The buildi ng which sta nds n ear the train stati on is a supermarket 位于火车站附近的 那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语） The film （ which） we saw last ni ght was won derful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影 很好看。（作宾语） 3.wh

42、o，whom 用于指人，who 用作主语，whom 用作宾语。在口语中，有时可 用 who 代替 whom， 也可省略。例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助 我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语） Who is the teacher（ whom） Li Mi ng is talki ng to ?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？ （作宾语） （1） 当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时， who，that，which 可省略，但 介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词 +which/whom ”结构。

43、例如： This is the house in which we lived last year 这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的 这本英文小说。 （2） 含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例 如： This is the pers on whom you are look ing for.这就是你要找的那个人。 （3） that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。 例如： The city that she l

44、ives in is very far away 她居住的城市非常远。 （4） 关系词只能用 that 的情况： a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词 最高级时，只能用 that，而不用 which.例如： He was the first pers on that passed the exam 他 是第一个通过考试的人。 b. 被修饰的先行词为 all， any，much， many，everything, anything，none, the one 等不定代词时，只能用 that，而不用 which.例如： Is there any thi ng t

45、hat you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买 吗？ c. 先行词被 the only， the very， the same the last， little， few 等词修饰时， 只能用 that，而不用 which.例如： This is the same bike that I lost就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用 that，而不用 which.例如： I can remember well the pers ons and some pictures that I saw in the room 我能清楚

46、 记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e. 以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用 that 例如： Who is the girl that is cryin g? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ f. 主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用 which.例如： There is a book on the desk that bel ongs to Tom 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 (5) 关系词只能用 which，而不用 that 的情况： a. 先行词为 that， those 时，用 which， 而不用 that.例如： Wha

47、t s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用 that.例如： This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。 c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用 which，而不用 that.例如： Tom came back which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法 关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) w

48、hen=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配 ) (1) when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： This was the time whe n he arrived 这是他至 U 达的时间。 (2) where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如： This is place where he works 这是他工作的地点。 (3) why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如： Nobody knows the reas on why he is ofte n late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总

49、迟到。 【中考链接】 1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lin es, _ from east to west. Those _ run from n orth to south are called ave nu es. A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that 2. This is the case _ he s had all his money stolen. A. whe n B. where C. that D. on which 3. Mr. Smith w

50、ill pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, _ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how 4. The artist will not paint people or ani mals but he will paint anything _ . A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him to C. for the little girl to ask him D. what

51、 the little girl asks him 5. How did you get in touch with the travel age nt, Robin? Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and the n called one _ the telepho ne nu mber is provided. A. which B. i n which C. of which D. whose 6. October 15 th is my birthday, _ I will n ever forget. A. whe n B. that C

52、. what D. which 7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _he can walk correctly and safely. A. whe n B. where C. which D. whose 8. There are several research cen ters in China _ a certa in disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. whe n D. what 9. I hop

53、e that the little _I have bee n able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. whe n 10. The time is not far away _moder n com muni catio ns will become widespread in China s vast coun tryside. A. as B. whe n C. un til D. before 11. _ is known to everybody, Taiwa n is a part of Chi na

54、. We must un ify it. A. It B. As C. Which D. What 12. I shall n ever forget the day _ Shen Zhou V was laun ched, _ has a great effect on my life. A. whe n, which B. that, which C. which, that D. whe n, that 13. The bread my wife makes is much better tha n _ you can buy at a store. A. that which B. o

55、ne that C. that of which D. this of which 14. There is no such place _ you dream of in all this world. A. that B. what C. which D. as 15. The people, _ had bee n damaged by the flood, were give n help by the Red Cross. A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes C. all their homes D. all of their homes

56、 16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, _ of course, will cause severe puni shme nt from it sooner or later. A. who B. whe n C. on which D. Which 17. Is this research cen ter _ you visited the moder n equipme nt last year? A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where 18. Some pictures

57、 of the river brought the days back to the old _ they swam in it. A. whe n B. that C. who D. where 19. The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no man can lift. A. that B. as C. which D. and 20. He stayed there for quite a long time, duri ng _ time he lear ned much spoken English. A. that B. this C. whi

58、ch D. same 答案与解析： 1. A.主语与 run（延伸）是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those 指街道，所以不 用 who 而用 that来引导定语从句。 2. B.因为在此题中 where 引导定语从句，表示“在这种种况下”，与 in which 相当。 3. A.因为先行词是 Beijing 而不是 this autumn 所以用 where 引导定语从句。 4. B.答案 B 是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句，另外，to 后还省略了动词原 形 pa in to 5. C.因为 of which 引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the teleph on

59、e nu mber = whose teleph one nu mber 6. D.因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内容。 7. B.因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的 the point 在定语从句中作地点状语， 所以用 where 引导定语从句。 8. B.因为先行词是 research centers 并在定语从句中作状语，所以用 whereo 9. C.因为当先行词是表示事物的 all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing 等时， 多用 that引导定语从句。 10. 因为先行词是 the time，且在定语从句

60、中作状语，所以用 when 引导。此 题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了，要善于辨别。 11. B.先行词是 Taiwan is a part of China 整个主句，一般由 as 或 which 引导定 语从句，但 which 引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后，另外， as 有“正如” 之意，而 which 没有，所以用 aso 顺便说说，原句改为：It is known to everybody that Taiwa n is =What is known to everybody is that Taiwa n is 12. A.两空都是考查定语从句，先行词分别是 the day 和 She