有机化学：有机化合物英文命名

1、CH3CH2CH2CHCH3CH3P44Common nomenclatureIsohexane2.3.1 Unbranched Alkanes:AlkanesAlkyl groupAbbreviationCH4MethaneCH3MethylMeCH3CH3CH3CH2EtEthaneEthylCH3CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2PrPropanePropylaneylAlkyl groups NameC HC H3C H3C H2CH3C H3C HCHCH3CH3CH2CH3CC H3C H3Isopropyl(异丙基异丙基)sec-butyl (or sec-Bu)(仲丁基仲丁基)Is

2、obutyl(异丁基异丁基)tert-butylor t-Butyl, t-Bu)(叔丁基叔丁基)CH3CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2ButaneButylBu3. Designate the location of the substituents5-丙基丙基-4-异丙基壬烷异丙基壬烷CH3CH2CH2CHCH CH2CH2CHCH3CH3CH2CH2CH3CH2CH31234756894-Isopropyl-5-propylnonane List the substituents in alphabetical order. When the same substituents

3、 appears more than once, use the multiplying prefixes: di-, tri-, tetra- and so on (一，二，三，四一，二，三，四).CCH2CHCH3CH3CH3CH3CH32,2,4-Trimethylpentane2,2,4-三甲基戊烷三甲基戊烷CH3CH2CHCHCHCH2CH2CH3CH3CH3CH2CH34-Ethyl-3,5-dimethyloctane3,5-二甲基二甲基-4-乙基辛烷乙基辛烷Replicating prefixes areignored when alphabetizing.Alkenyl gr

4、oups（烯基）（烯基）:Vinyl （乙烯基）（乙烯基）Allyl (Allylic group)（烯丙基）（烯丙基）CH3CHCHCH2CHCH2CHCH2Propenyl（丙烯基）（丙烯基）CH2CCH3Isopropenyl（异丙烯基）（异丙烯基）CH2Methenecyclohexane（亚甲基亚甲基环己烷）环己烷）P773.3.2 Naming Stereoisomeric Alkenes1. Naming by term Cis-trans The same atoms oratomic groupson the same sideson the opposite sidesof

5、 the double bond.Prefixcis-trans-2. Naming by the E, Z Notational systemTo disubstitutedAlkenes:CCHCH2CH2CH3H3CCH3CCClHBrCH2CH3P79, 3.3 Suffix: ane yneAlkynes: Hydrocarbons containing a carbon-carbontriple bond.4.1 NomenclatureP128,4.13RCCHTerminal or mono-substitutedRCCRInternal or disubstitutedalk

6、ynes(内炔内炔)CCH2CH3HC1-Butyne Alkenyne (烯炔烯炔)CH3CHCHCCH3-Penten-1-yne(3-戊烯戊烯-1-炔炔)CCH2CHHCCH21-penten-4-yne(1-戊烯戊烯-4-炔炔)1. Numbering starts from the end near the first multiple bond.2. When there is a choice, double bonds receive lower numbers than triple bonds.CCHEthynyl(乙炔基乙炔基)Nomenclature:cis,cis 2

7、,4-hexadiene(2Z,4Z)-2,4-hexadiene顺顺,顺顺-2,4-己己二烯二烯(Z,Z)- 2,4-己二烯己二烯(2Z,4E)-2,4-hexadiene顺顺,反反-2,4-己己二烯二烯(Z,E)-cis,trans-P122.4.10CH119.4.1.2 Suffix: ne diene Cis-trans isomers:CCCCCH3H3CHHHHCCCCCH3H3CHHHH6.2 Nomenclature of Benzene Derivatives 1. Monosubstituted benzenes A. Benzene as the parent name

8、.CH3Toluene(甲苯甲苯)ClChlorobenzene(氯苯氯苯)IsopropylbenzeneCHCH3CH3NO2Nitrobenzene( 硝基苯硝基苯)B. Benzene as a substituentC6H5, Ph: phenyl.PhCCHPhenylacetylene(苯乙炔苯乙炔)PhCCH3CHCH32-Phenyl-2-buteneCH2DiphenylmethaneCH2ClBenzylchloride(苄基氯苄基氯)P146, 5.32. Disubstituted benzenesThree isomers:1,2-Dibromobenzeneo-D

9、ibromobenzeneortho-BrBrBrBr1,3-m-meta-BrBr1,4-p-para-CH3CH3o-Xylene(0-二甲 苯)3. Polysubstituted Benzenes2-Chloro-1,4-dinitrobezeneClNO2NO2(1,4- 二硝基-2-氯苯)CH3CH3H3C1,3,5-Trimethylbezene( 均三甲苯)Common name:P147SubsitutivenamesEx.CH3FMethyl floride(甲基氟甲基氟)ClAlkyl + halidePentyl chloride(戊基氯戊基氯)IHCyclohexyliodide(环己基碘环己基碘)b. Halogen as a substituent.For branched alkyl groups:4,5-Dichloro-2-methylheptane(2-甲基甲基-4,5-二氯二氯庚烷庚烷 ) Number: begin at the end nearer the first substituent, regardless of X- or R-.CH3CHCH2CHCHCH2CH3ClCH3Cl