高考热点复习专题之直接引语与间接引语

1、学习必备欢迎下载直接引语与间接引语直接引语是指原封不动地引述原话，把它放在引号里，间接引语是用自己的话来转述别人的话，没有引号。这两种引语都是复合句中的宾语从句(祈使句变来的间接引语除外)。1、直接引语变为间接引语时，人称、时态、指示代词、时间和地点状语及某些动词要用相应变化。其变法如下：(1) 、人称变化与汉语相同。 如：She said, “ I went to see Mr. Liu yesterday. 她说： “我”昨天去看过刘老师了。 ” She said that she had gone to see Mr. Liu the day before.她说那天她去看过刘老师了。(2

2、) 、时态的变化列表如下：直接引语间接引语一般现在时：一般过去时：“ I am very glad to visit your workshop,” sheShesaidsaid. that she was very glad to visit our“我很高兴参观你们的车间。”她说。workshop.她说她很高兴参观我们的车间。正在进行时：过去进行时：“ I am checking your homework now,” his motherHisaidmother. said that she was checking his“我现在正在检查你的作业，”他母亲说。homework then

3、.他母亲说她当时正在检查他的作业。现在完成时：过去完成时：“ Have you handed in the money for the tickets?The ”monitorthe asked me if I had handed in the moneymonitor asked.for the tickets.“你交票款了吗？ ”班长问。班长问我是否交票款了。一般过去时：过去完成时：She said,“ My mother took me to an exhibitionShe said that her mother had taken her to anyesterday.”exhi

4、bition the day before.她说， “我母亲昨天带我去看了展览。 ”她说她母亲前一天带她去看了展览。过去完成时：过去完成时：“ Hadyou finished your homework before you watchedHer mother asked her if(whether) she had finishedTV?” Her mother asked her.her homework before she watched TV .她妈妈问她“你是做完作业才看电视的吗？”她妈妈问她。是不是完成作业才看电视。一般将来时：过去将来时：“ I ll come to see

5、you tonight,o him”. she said t她跟他说， “我今晚去看你。 ” 现在 (过去 )完成进行时：He said, “ I ve been coming to see you for ages. 他说， “我好久都一直想来看你。 ”“ What had she been eating?the doctor” asked.“她吃什么来着？”医生问。但是，要注意下面的情况：She told him that she would go to see him that night.她跟他说，她当天晚上去看他。过去完成进行时：He ”said that he had been c

6、oming to see me for ages. 他说他好久都一直想来看我。The doctor asked what she had been eating.医生问她吃什么来着。主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态与原来直接引语的时态一样，不必改变。如：学习必备欢迎下载She says, “ I will have finished my homework by myself.她说： “我一”定要独自完成作业。”She says that she will have finished her homework by herself.The businessman will say

7、, “ I have paid for it. 那位商人”肯定会说： “我已经付款了。 ”The businessman will say that he has paid for it.直接引语说的是科学真理、格言时，无论主句用何时态，间接引语仍用一般时。如：The geography teacher said,“risesTheinsunthe east and sets in the west.”地理老师说： “太阳在东方升起，在西边落下。”The geography teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the

8、west.直接引语带有表示纯属过去的时间状语时，间接引语仍保持一般过去时，而不改为过去完成时。如：The old man said, “ I joined the Red Army in 1934. 那位老人说”： “我 1934年参加红军。 ”The old man said that he joined the Red Army in 1934.(3) 、指示代词，时间和地点状语及方向性动词的变化如下：直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethosenowThen时todaythat day间this morning (afternoon)that morning (after

9、noon)状tonightthat night语yesterdaythe day beforelast nightthe night beforethe day before yesterdaytwo days beforeThe day after tomorrowIn two daysagobeforetomorrowthe next (following)daynext week (year)the next week (year)地点状语herethere方向性动词comegobringtake2、各类句子变为间接引语的要领：(1) 、直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语用that 来引导。主

10、句一般位于句首，其谓语动词通常是say, tell, think,repeat, answer, reply, explain,等。实际是主句中含宾语从句，一律必须跟一个宾格代词或表示人的名词，再跟that从句。 如：“ I m leaving for Beijing the day after tomorrow,他对他儿子说：“我后天要去北京了。”son”.he said to hisHe told his son that he was leaving for Beijing in two days.(2)、直接引语是疑问句时，要先将主句的said 或 told 改为 asked，引语将疑

11、问句语序改为陈述句语序，句末用逗号。若直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句时，要将问句改为由if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句，若是特殊疑问句时，就用原来的疑问词作连词来引导宾语从句，若是选择疑问句时，须用whether(不用 if) or 引导宾语从句。凡是疑问句的直接引语均不可用that 来引导。 如：“ Are you from London?” the teacher said to直me接引.(语 )学习必备欢迎下载The teacher asked me whether(if) I am from London. ( 间接引语 )“ Will you stay at school

12、 or go home this summer vacation, Xiao Chen?暑假你留校还是回家？”(直接引语 )老师”问said： “the小陈teacher，今年.The teacher asked Xiao Chen whether he would stay at school or went home that summer vacation. ( 间接引语 )(3)、直接引语是祈使句时，改为间接引语首先要将主句谓语动词按原文口气改为asked, told, advised,ordered, begged, commanded, warned, 然后将祈使句的谓语动词变为不

13、定式，成为宾语补足语结构。即：“主语 +asked(advised)+sb.+(not) to do sth.”“ Copy down this sentence and keep it in mind, please. said the old teacher”.“把这个句子抄下来，并把它记住，”那位老师说。(直接引语 )The old teacher told us to copy down that sentence and keep it in mind.(间接引语 )“ Don t do that again, boys.” Said the“别old再做man那.种事，男孩子们，

14、”那位长辈说。 (直接引语 ) The old man advised the boys not to do that again. ( 间接引语 )有些表示 “提议，建议，要求，劝告”的祈使句，尤其是Let 引导的祈使句，改为间接引语时可用suggest,insist, offer 等动词或 “ should+动词原形 ”加以转述。 如：“ Let s have a cup of milk.” saidmanthe. young“我们饮杯牛奶吧! ”这位年轻人说。(直接引语 )The young man suggested having a cup of milk. ( 间接引语 )=The young man suggested that we should have a cup of milk. ( 间接引语 )“ Stay here for dinner.” My aunt said over and在这over儿吃.饭吧，”我“姑妈反复地说。(直接引语 )My aunt insisted on my staying for dinner. ( 间接引语 )=My aunt insisted that I should stay there for dinner. ( 间接引语 )(4) 、