镍基单晶高温合金研究进展

1、邢唷? ?L?S%欹? q鳵?臾bjbjqPqP?I : :-%?樈樈樈8薪 淞,?輗8 ? ?s?V赦l5?8$q&q&q&q&q&q&q vhx&qq?p?%?Ns?p?p?&q?梤,.,.,.p?8? ?豲L,.p?$q,.,. 琠?0? b? ?8 菧樈?J,a,dkt璻0輗Xa?踴?踴X b b踴?(bf 螿 哊 M 朜 O 攓筽剉 vfLu:_ SCQ OT 褢剉 R 攓)n衏貧齹 Y(W 儚貧)n 凈 V 蹚 L 堹 V 秐孴鰁 He Y tvQ 貧)n:_詋 It 弙 f 孴歔 T 駁 vf 貧)nT 褢YE衏貧

2、0 蟸菑郠 ASt剉裇 UUSvf 貧)nT 褢騗蟸(WT 褢緥筫誰0 膥莮觺刧N 汻 f齹 sQ 鹼0 瘇繯 S 禥紁錧 z 倢 T 歔 T 軶鶹錧 z 侷筫 b 椫 S 梍哊蛻亯蹚 U 0,g 噀蜰USvf 貧)nT 褢 b Ryr 筽0T 褢 CQ O(u0:_ S:g t0 汻 f齹 T T _0 軶鶹菑z 蔛:w 枾 c6R0USvf6RY 錧 z 侷筫 b?亯薔蛜哊 USvf 貧)nT 褢剉;N 亯 xvz 蹚 U 0sQ.曂?USvf 貧)nT 褢:_ S:g t歔 T 軶鶹 T T _R e s e a r c hP r o g r e s so fN i c k e l -

3、b a s eS i n g l eC r y s t a lS u p e r a l l o y sS u nX i a o f e n g ,J i nT a o ,Z h o uY i z ho u ,H uZ h u a n g q i( I n s t i tute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016,China)Abstract: Single crystal superalloys have been widely used to make turbine blades andguide

4、 vanes for aero-engines and industrial gas turbines because of improved strength,creep-rupture, fatigue, oxidation and hot corrosion properties as well as stablemicrostructure and reliability at high temperature environments. After removal of grainboundary by using directional solidification techniq

5、ue, grain boundary elements whichdecrease the incipient melting temperature were reduced remarkably in single crystalsuperalloys. Consequently, the solution and aging treatmentof single crystalsuperalloys can be done at higher temperature due to the enhanced incipient meltingtemperature, and then th

6、e high temperature strength of single crystal superalloys ishigher than that of equiaxed and directionally solidified superalloys. There were greatprogress on approach of alloy design, relationship between structure and mechanicalperformances, process of pure smelting and processing of directional s

7、olidificationin the last decades. The present work reviews these progress from compositions of alloys,role of elements, mechanism of strengthening, anisotropy of mechanical properties,procedure of solidification, control of defects and processing of single crystalsuperalloys.Keywordss i n g l ec r y

8、 s t a ls u p e r a l l o y m e c h a n i s mo fs t r e n g t h e n i n g d i r e c t i o n a ls o l i d i f i c a t i o n a n i s o t r o p yo fp r o p e r t i e s鶺褢 y 橆 v齎禰 9 7 3 Ry 橆 v2 0 1 0 C B 6 3 1 2 0 6 惎媆 OYSf 餦7u1 9 6 4 tu xvzXTZS 隭 u 黐1 _? 貧)nT 褢S u p e r a l l o y/f 錘翑0M?0 磾:N 鶺 SO 剉 N|貧

9、)n觺刧 Pg 檈颯錘(W6 0 0 !錘N 貧)n 痵僗gy_v齹b 譙蹅;R 剉:g 癶擽汻 0 貧)nT 褢 wQg 貧剉)n 孴貧)n:_0o 倉 Y 剉梑l S 孴梑韕 P 亐?齹0 O _剉 堌 SN 瞮砇梑汻0o 倉 Y 剉膥莮 3z 歔孴O(u 颯?踠擽(u 嶯n 徰 S:gIHQ 蹚汻蹚鹼邁韕飠钀鯪 0 貧)nT 褢 xvz 剉N 璭駇 eQN 臢哊*倆 z/ *?Y 裇:gI齎 2?飠b/g 剉蹚 ek N 肙蹚哊 愋彄?0 齹恘汻0 體筶 S 錧08h 錧 NI齎 l 蟸 Nm 鴙 sQ N 剉b/g 裇U 0USvf 貧)nT 褢坢 d 枂 NvfLuff 螿 哊 M

10、朜 O 攓筽剉 vfLu:_ SCQ OT 褢剉 R 攓)n衏貧齹 Y(W 儚貧)n 凈 V 蹚 L 堹 V 秐 Y tvQ:_詋 It 弙 f 孴歔 T 駁 vf 貧)nT 褢YE衏貧郪梍 0R 哊踠擽(u 0 陙孨 AS N 獈 8 0 t鉔 _薡P W A 1 4 8 00C M S X - 20C M S X - 30S R R 9 9 I, N 鉔 USvf貧)nT 褢鶴皊錘 egUSvf 貧)nT 褢剉 xvz 諷梍哊亃 4x蹚 U 0 彇wT 褢緥 t 簨 4ls剉衏貧孴鴶 愬z 個b/g 剉蹚 ek錘蔛 R e CQ 剉鹠燫鴙鐍鶴皊哊錘 P W A 1 4 8 40C M S

11、X - 40R e n ? N 5 I:N 鉔 h? )n齹汻詋, N 鉔 USvf 貧)nT 褢貧3 0 !剉,孨鉔 USvf 貧)nT 褢 1 - 3 孴錘C M S X - 1 00R e n ? N 6 I:N鉔h? )n齹汻詋, N鉔貧6 0 !剉, N 鉔 USvf 貧)nT 褢 4 - 6 0 褟 teg 惽忹 m 燫 R u0P t0I r ICQ 萐裇 U鶴錘 M C - N G0T M S - 1 3 80T M S - 1 6 2 I:N 鉔 h 垊 v,踁鉔孴,擭鉔 USvf 貧)nT 褢 7 - 9 01u 嶯 R e 孴 R u CQ z:剉蠎孴 f5 崉 v 鱊f

12、W 勑 c 貧T 褢剉cEN:_孴 堌 S 梑汻 0M o 孴 W燫 eQM o 孴 WT 颯瀀:_烻 P魰觺T 汻衏貧 ibce 纎;m 齹Oibce 菑z 豐 ba蜰衏貧T 褢剉韕:_ 0M o OPZ嶯鶺 SO 齹OvffW 勑 c 貧T 褢剉b)n 齹汻 0 R+R 燫 eQ 哊 3 w t .孴 6 w t .R e 剉,孨鉔孴,N 鉔 USvf 貧)nT 褢vQO(u)n儚N+TR e 剉, N 鉔 USvfT 褢 R+R 衏貧哊 3 0 !孴 6 0 ! 0R e (WM 曻 W 貧)nT 褢-NwQg Y 蛓g 蕍O(u俌fW 凪朜 O( ( :_ S 鴙剉?Y 悋 s 2 0

13、 , 2 1 OPZ嶯( 鶺 SOO( / ( ( 昅懄豐梍鬴?g)R 嶯 b_ b 貧芠剉 MO 昋(W 鶺 SO-Nb_ b 韜zg 廭剉烻 P釼 2 2 , 2 3 ;枍 xMO 曅彣 R齹穬梍詋 O 邁剉鶹秐:_ S 鬴ff 剉:_ SHe 済 0FO 褟 gM o t t u r a I篘 2 4 , 2 5 惽?N 魚烻 P垟0ibUX 縹緗苸 8T6e 觺刧孴, N 烻 t梴 I筫誰 v*g 纇 Km0RR e 烻 P釼剉 X(W N, N 烻 t梴 h?fR e (WN i -N 剉 ibce 纎;m 齹/fbgCQ -N gY 剉郪:NR e He 擽剉,g(?fR e 乬

14、NO 剉 ibce 鹼 pe 慴 6R 哊T 褢-N 剉 ibce 菑z 蜰衏貧哊T 褢剉貧)n:_ 0R uM 曻 WUSvf 貧)nT 褢-NR u 剉O(u/fM 朜 OT C P 鴙剉恎鶴P T 孴衏貧T 褢貧)n:_ 2 6 , 2 7 0R u 惽復 S RM 慔 e 擽 M 朜 O 哊 R e ICQ (W 鶺 SO-N剉 OPZz郪慴 6R 哊 T C P 鴙剉恎鶴 0 鍿g xvz:NR uNwQg 蚐 RM 慔 e 擽 2 8 , 2 9 FO 齹衏貧T 褢膥莮 3z 歔 0sQ 嶯 R u 剉O(u:g t 貜 g 卂嶯蹚 Nek 駇 eQ xvz 0C0B0Z r0H

15、f0Y0C e 孴 L a I甠蠎 CQ C0B 孴 Z r /f 貧)nT 褢-N g蛻亯剉vfLu孴漡vf魰:_ SCQ 0OPZ嶯vfLu孴漡vf魰剉C 孴B d枂NO:N魰櫀CQ kXEQ購汵:S 遅剉魰櫀0 螿 baibce 蜰M 朜 OvfLu 孴漡 vf 魰 _聢P T 錘 Y貜 b_ b 硏 Sir 孴|x Sir:_ SvfLu 孴漡 vf 魰 0H f (W?鴙-N 剉秐銐詋(W?鴙-N 亯Y 汵郪鬴齹:_ S?鴙T 鰁萐/f 坃:_剉硏 Sirb_ bCQ 齹;朾kM 2 3 C 6 bM 6 C 縧vfLuY蠎恎鶴 0燫eQY0C e 孴L a ICQ ;N亯(u嶯 9

16、e 刄 USvf 貧)nT 褢剉梑l S齹 0zWCQ 蔛 vQl Sir 齹苸 Sl S 渷剉 vf 抾衏貧l S 渷剉 QX孴榺 D 枦 Rff9e 刄T 褢剉梑猒痵l S齹 03USvf 貧)nT 褢剉:_ S:g tUSvf 貧)nT 褢/f1u 鄀廭 M 曻 W 鶹秐 SO( 孴( ( - N i 3 A l 鴙膥 b 剉$N 鴙 Pg 檈vQ:_ S 悇_S 靊鶺 SO 孴( (鴙陙珟剉鶹秐:_ S 錘蔛$N 鴙 KN 魰鴙扤O(uu 剉塴續:_ S 0 鶹秐:_ S/f1u 嶯T 褢 CQ 剉燫 eQO( 鴙uvffW 刐 2 2 0QX豐b_ ?P嶯MO 晞v裯鹹孴裯鹹蹚 L?

17、S_MO 曐廘垽 N 裯鹹鰁 惽廮 g 茤 l 忹 y0R$N*N 裯鹹 b 梽 v縹Tb_ bibUMO ?01u 嶯秐(崯 SP R (W 裯鹹 b?N衏貧哊 B 朂OMO ?N fibU蹚衏貧哊 Pg 檈剉 Hg:_ 0M 曻 WUSvf 貧)nT 褢-N( ( 鴙剉:_ SO(u 諷砆嶯( ( 鴙剉 pe 蠎0:鳾孴,g 珟鶹秐:_ SzI 0( ( 鴙N( 鶺 SO 軴cqQhsQ 鹼FO 孨vfh8peX(W 甠頬 _vQvff 剉 T T _ 0USvf 貧)nT 褢(W 瑆鰁蒪 8O 菑z-NwQg?YBg 剉 HgL?N;N 亯 S 靊( 1 ) Hg:_X(W 蚐 8)nH

18、e 擽sS(W 術 N)n 凈 V 匭 Hg 擽汻彇)nGS 貧瀀燫(W 術 N)n 凈 V 匭 Hg 擽汻鶺,g 軴cN 豐(W 餦P)n錘NT 褢剉 Hg:_%gRNM?0( 2 ) (W 餦P)n錘NHg:_鵞擽豐悋 sOea儚 NOHg 擽汻郠 NNN 彇擽豐悋 s 剉豐 S9e 豐(W 餦fW 劄 X 燫 0( 3 )T 褢剉 Hg:_wQg 蒪婼N 鵞饄sS(W 蒪 8O 孴婼)瀃寶鰁 Hg 擽汻NT 0v NNT 諷 T 諎 7h 剉 Hg:_豐 SNu 悎S c h m i d 歔媉諷砆嶯 vfSO 諷 T 蔛 wQSO 剉T 褢 b R 孴膥莮 3 6 - 4 0 0(WNT

19、 剉蒪 8O)nNUSvf 貧)nT 褢 Hg 豐 b_譙NT 剉豐 b_:g6R6R 4 1 0(W)n 髞 7 6 0 !)n 凈 V 匭Hg 豐 b_譙 0R( ( jRR:g6R 剉6R(W 貧嶯 7 6 0 !豐 b_鰁T 褢剉 QX豐 b_;N 亯譙 MO 曊菑( ( :g6R6RsS(W 韕纎;mO(uN 剉 MO ?e 鹹孴裯鹹菑z b:Nq_蚑 QXAm 豐剉;N 亯豐 b_:g6R 09hnc 豐 b_T 剉甠聣膥莮 yr 乢颯 豐 b_)n R R:NN*N:S 遅 0)nN豐b_膥莮:N縧 1 1 1 b椦n鹹剉a / 2 MO ?RrR( ( 鴙(W貧)n豐 b_鰁豐

20、 b_:g6R:Na / 2 MO 曊菑( ( 鴙-N)n 豐 b_ R:N1ujRR:g6R T 諂菑:g6Rl 徹 S 0 堌 S/f)n0 擽汻孴諷 T 剉齉 pe)n孴擽汻龕 Oq_蚑NT諷 T剉堌S齹 0L e v e r a n t I篘A D D I NE N . C I T E L e v e r a n t 1 97 0 4 6 4 6 4 6 17G.R.LeverantB.H.KearThe mechanism of creep in gammaprimeprecipitation-hardenednickel-basealloysatintermediatetemper

21、atureMEtall.TransMEtall.Trans49111970Leverant197347474717G.R.LeverantB.H.KearJ.M.OblakCreepofprecipitation-hardenednickel-basealloysinglecrystalsathightemperatureMetall.TransMEtall.Trans35541973 42,430T褢 xvz哊)n孴vfSO諷 T 鵞 M a r - M 2 0 0 USvf 貧)nT 褢 堌 S齹剉 q_蚑:N(W-N)n7 6 0 !孴 8 7 1 !鰁彇wOP 粂 0 0 1 諷 T

22、覊剉瀀燫 堌 STfW 凪朜 O 0 彇w)n剉 GS 貧堌S T T _M朜O 0M a c K a y孴M a i e r A D D I NE N . C I T E MacKay198248484817R.A.MacKayR.D.MaierThe influence of orientationonthestressrupturepropertiesofnickel-basesuperalloysinglecrystalsMetall.Trans.A M e t a l l .T r a n s .A 17 4 7 1 3 A 1 9 8 2 4 4 鵞 M a r - M 2 4 7

23、 USvf 堌 S T T _蹚 L 垊v xvz 裇皊E M B E DE q u a t i o n . 3諷 T剉 堌 S齹 g 貧 0 1 1 諷 T R gNOsSOOP 粂 0 0 1 諷 T 鴙T 剉覊椦復 S 乬 N 覊 b_ 0 0 1 - 0 1 1 箯 Lu 剉 USvf 堌 S齹軓軓Y 嶯椦廩0 0 1 - E M B E DE q u a t i o n . 3箯 Lu 剉USvf 06qS a s s IA D D I NE N . C I T EA D D I NE N .C I T E . D A T A 4 5 - 4 6 惽?xvzC M S X - 4 U

24、Svf 貧)nT 褢(W8 5 0 !鰁 R 薡 堌 S6 柕 k 剉 堌 S T T _裇皊E M B E DE q u a t i o n . 3諷 T 剉 堌 S:_gNO(W9 8 0 !鰁 堌 S T T _ffM 朜 OFOE M B E DE q u a t i o n . 3諷 T 剉 堌 S:_漁 6q g 0 闂齎fIA D D I NE N . C I T EA D D I NE N . C I TE . D A T A 4 7 , 4 8 xvz 哊 D D 4 9 9 USvf 貧)nT 褢cEN T T _觺済俌2 b:y 0 颯錘w 鶴(W7 6 0 !-NNO)

25、nag 鯪N 0 0 1 諷 TD D 4 9 9 USvfT 褢 wQ g gY 剉cEN齹 0 1 1 孴 1 1 1 諷 T 剉cEN 齹 YEM 朜 OS_)nGS 貧0R1 0 4 0 !N*N 諷 TUSvfT 褢cEN齹剉頬 _ff 豐 0D D 4 9 9T 褢剉cEN 璭聢:g6RN 諷 T 孴)ngsQ 0(W7 6 0 ! 0 0 1 諷 TUSvf 剉璭聢 yr 乢:N 銐 t 孴芉銐 t 鱩T 媁璭聢 0 1 1 諷 T:NUS 鹼裯鹹 _w 崉 vjRR 璭聢 1 1 1 諷 T:N Y 鹼裯鹹 _w 崉 vjRR 璭聢1 0 4 0 !鰁N*N 諷 T 龕 h 埌

26、 s:N 甠 TZ茤媁璭聢 01udk 颯翂sQ 嶯N*N;N 諷 TUSvf 堌 S齹剉 OX(W 踳剉觺簨 0FO/fN 魜剉w 誰:N彇w)n剉 GS 貧 堌 S T T _M 朜 O 02NT 諷 TD D 4 9 9T 褢(W 乬N 覊 b_-N 剉 MOn蔛 vQcENT 4 7 F i g u r e . 2O r i e n t a t i o nd e p e n d e n c eo ft h es t r e s sr u p t u r el i f e( i nho u r s )o fD D 4 9 9s i n g l ec r y s t a l s a7 6

27、0 !/ 7 9 0 M P a ;( b )1 0 4 0 !/ 1 6 5 M P a婲瀃N( ( 鴙棙抾:鳾剉頬 _颯齹/fN饛堌S T T _踳觺簨u剉;N亯烻郪 0C a r o n IA D D I NE N . C I T E C a r o n 1 9 8 8 2 5 9 2 5 9 25917P.CaronY.OhtaY.G.NakagawaT.KhanCreepDeformationAnisotropyinSingleCrystalSuperalloyssuperalloys1988superalloys19882151988P.Caron198825925925917P.

28、CaronY.OhtaY.G.NakagawaT.KhanCreepDeformationAnisotropyinSingleCrystalSuperalloys s u p e r a l l o y s19 8 8 s u p e r a l l o ys1 9 8 8 2 1 5 19 8 8 4 9 惽忶郠蛓 USvf 貧)nT 褢(W-N)n( 7 6 0 !8 5 0 !) 堌 S齹剉 xvzc 鶴( ( 抾 P剉:鳾:_萷 q_蚑 堌 S:_孴cENT 0( ( 抾 P剉:鳾:N0 . 5 ?m 鰁 0 0 1 諷 T 剉 堌 S:_孴cENT gsOE M B E DE q u

29、 a t i o n . 3諷 T 剉 堌 S:_孴cENTfW 凪朜 O彇w( ( 抾 P剉:鳾 M 朜 O0R0 . 2 ?m 鰁E M B E DE q u a t i o n . 3諷 T 剉 堌 S:_fW 勑 c 貧 0 0 1 諷 T RpY 鴙蚐 05USvf 貧)nT 褢剉軶鶹5 . 1漡 vf 込塏 u? 歔 T 軶鶹b/g/f6RYUSvf 貧)nT 褢 g:N gHe 剉 N 蛓筫誰 0:N 哊穬梍 USvf梺?W 褢攓 SO-Nb_ bUS Nu晞 vvf 抾 b |vf _eQ!j 骕 b_T?T 購*NUS Nvf 抾N 璭?Y魐 0REQ 醤 te*N 媁骕 0

30、鵞嶯 b 椕_藌筫觺刧剉 M 曻 W 貧)nT 褢 eg 魦 諷 T/fvQ 閎 Ou暪 e TsSu?惁 g 隷剉諷 T 0T 鰁NvQ 僛諷 T 鴙詋 諷 T 鼅T齹 gsO 0 郪 dk(W 歔 T 軶鶹菑z-N 諷 T 剉 M 曻 W 貧)nT 褢剉 u暻?z 蔛 vQNvQ 僛諷 TKN 魰剉込塏 u晄 Q 鹼 b:N xvzM 曻 WUSvf 貧)nT 褢歔 T 軶鶹菑z-N g:N 蛻亯剉顣槝 KN N 0W a l t o n 孴 C h a l m e r s 5 0 (W xvz 歔 T 軶鶹菑z-Nvf 抾 KN 魰剉 u晄 Q 鹼鰁噑 HQ 衏鶴哊漡 vf 込塏 u?j

31、 媁:N 駁秗:S-NX(W 剉 T T _u?N 軶鶹菑z-N 韕汻 f菑稱孴 b R 菑稱gsQ 0R a p p a z 5 1 孴G a n d i n 5 2 鹼邁 0W;觺哊購*N!j 媁 0褟 tegZ h o u I 5 3 ,5 4 惽? N 鹼 R 蘏 vf 軶鶹瀃寶鹼邁 xvz 哊歔 T 軶鶹菑z-NNT 諷 T 漡 vf 剉 u晄 Q 鹼 0 觺済 h?f(W 漡 vfGlZu暻?z-N 楅 b O 諷 Tvf 抾 剉 漡 vf 颯 錘 厤 菑 v;?c 閎 O 諷 Tvf 抾 剉 漡 vfu?俌 3 5 4 -Nvf 抾 A 1 孴 B 剉漡 vfb:y)蹚颯錘黐魜楅

32、 b O 諷 Tvf 抾(W 込塏?Y 菑z-N 豰 pl 閎 O 諷 T 剉 vf 抾 0鵞嶯漡 vf 裇 ceu晞 v 臽礠蚇 6q/f 閎 O 諷 T 剉 vf 抾(W 込塏?Y 菑z-N O 豰 pl楅 b O 諷 T 剉 vf 抾 0(WGlZ臽礠N楅 b O 諷 T 剉漡 vf 齹 Y 厤菑閎 O 諷 T 剉漡 vf購/f1u 嶯漡 vfKN 魰 X(W 秐(崵 N 扤O(u _w 崉 v 0T 鰁Z h o u I)R(u 隷靘b/g鶹歔哊鶹0 瞞 Lub 桪栄彎 gvfMR 飠剉 b_寣裇皊(WvfLuD 栄?u晞 v 漡 vf 飠=?T 嶯軓粂 vfLu 剉漡 vf錘 蔛 楅

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