英语必修三名词性从句 （课堂PPT）

1、.1我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。My dream is that I can enter a key university.我能进入一所重点大学是我的梦想。我能进入一所重点大学是我的梦想。That I can enter a key university is my dream.I have a dream that I can enter a key university.我有一个梦想我能进入一所重点大学我有一个梦想我能进入一所重点大学我总是梦想着我能进入一所重点大学。我总是梦想着我能进入一所重点大学。I always dream that I can e

2、nter a key university.主语从句主语从句同位语从句同位语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句.2That/wh-clause + v +主语从句主语从句S +be/link.v + that/wh-clause表语从句表语从句S + vt + that/wh-clause宾语从句宾语从句S + vi + prep + wh-clause宾语从句宾语从句 .4名词性从句.5主语+be+表语 主语+do+宾语 名名 词词 名名 词词 .6 名词性从句名词性从句 主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中

3、做宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中同位语从句在句中- 主语主语宾语宾语表语表语同位同位语语1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.3. The truth is that I have been there. 4. The fact that she was late surprised us.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句.7为什么叫名词性从句？为什么叫名词性从句？_整个从句相当于一个名词整个从句相当于一个名词比较比较:The man

4、looked around.That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.同样作主语，同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质一般是个动作或性质I know him.I know that he is writing his composition in his room2. 为什么要有名词性从句？为什么要有名词性从句？那人那人看了看四周看了看四周. (名词作主语名词作主语)那孩子考试又不及格那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望令他母亲很失望. (从句作主语从句作主语)我知道他在房

5、间里写作文我知道他在房间里写作文.从句的特征:是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分 (that 除外)名词能做的成分名词能做的成分,从句都能从句都能做做 从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多.9学习目标：学习目标：1. 掌握主语从句的基本概念；掌握主语从句的基本概念；2. 能从句中找出主语从句；能从句中找出主语从句；3. 能够概括出主语从句的引导词；学会根能够概括出主语从句的引导词；学会根据句意选择恰当的引导词。据句意选择恰当的引导词。.10主语从句主语从句在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。在从句中不作成分在从句中不作成分: t

6、hat，if，whether “是否是否”在从句中作成分在从句中作成分: what/who/whom/ which whatever/ whoever/ whichever where/when/why/ how注意：注意：which表示有明确范围的选择表示有明确范围的选择ThatThatif, whether “是否是否”WhetherWhat he saidthatwho takes the first step.whether.16It + be + 形容词形容词 that从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that . 重要的是

7、重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显It + be + -ed分词分词 that从句从句It is believed that 人们相信人们相信It is known to us/all that . 众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定用用it形式主语的形式主语的that从句有以下四种从句有以下四种不同的搭配：不同的搭配：.17It + be + 名词名词 that从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a

8、 fact that 事实是事实是It + 不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that . 碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起.18 另注意在主语从句中用来表示另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，等语气时，谓语动词要用谓语动词要用 虚拟语气虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is s

9、uggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that .19注注 意：意：1.“if” 不能引导主语从句，应有不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。引导。3.主语从句的主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。一般不能省。二二. 主语从句需注意的问题主语从句需注意的问题2.主语从句中用陈述语序主语从句中用陈述语序.20 4 主语从句中的主语从句中的“主谓一致主谓一致”：1）.主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单主句的谓语动词用单数形式数形式.That they will come _certain.2).

10、What 引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定由表语的单复数决定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.isareis.21Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why, how or that.1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet.2.(_

11、 they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.4.(_ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.7.(_ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.WhatWhen/HowWhere/whetherWhoWhetherThat6. (_ the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.W

12、hy主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Conclusion:.22 _ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where .233. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. whether B. that

13、C. what D. when4.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have.24【常见错误展示】【常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.2. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.Thatthat虽无词义但引导主语从句位于虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。句首时不能

14、省略。Whetherif, whether都可表示都可表示“是否是否”, 但但if不能引不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。的主语从句。.253. That the professor said is of great importance.4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.Whatthat引导主语从句时无词义。引导主语从句时无词义。What the professor said表示表示“教授所说的教授所说的”。

15、将将will置于置于trees之后。主语从句要之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。用陈述句语序。.265. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用导名词性从句时只能用whoever。Whoever 主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。单数形式。remains.277. What were

16、your problems a year ago has now become mine.8. It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting.has要改为要改为have。主语从句表示复。主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。have在在“It is requested / ordered / suggested + that从句从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用即谓语用“should + 动词原形动词原形”，should可省略。可省略。(should) make.2

17、8断断句句始始:连接词连接词,末末:第二个谓语动词之前第二个谓语动词之前 始始:空格空格,末末:第二个谓语动词之前第二个谓语动词之前 that/whether/if what/who/when/where/why/how 形式主语选形式主语选 It主语从句做题思路：主语从句做题思路：.29宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语） that, whether，if （ that 常可省略）常可省略） 连词：连词：who, what, which, whoever, wha

18、tever when , where , why ,how1). Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring.2). It all depends on whether they will support us .3). She will give whoever needs help a warm support.4).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.30 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动

19、词在主句谓语动词 (及物动词及物动词) 或介词之后。或介词之后。1. a. 作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 (1) 由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略), 例如：例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：动词间接宾语宾语从句。例

20、如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.b. 作介词的宾语，作介词的宾语，例如：例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）合作）with one another.31c. 作形容词的宾语，作形容词的宾语，例如：例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. I am sure (that) he will win the game.d. it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作不仅可以作

21、为形式主语，还可以作为为形式宾语形式宾语而真正的宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：例如： We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.32n2. a 由连接词由连接词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 n由连接词由连接词that引导宾语从句时，引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时句时,第二个分句前的第二个分句前的th

22、at不可省不可省。例如：。例如： nWe must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. .33n注意注意1：在：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示等表示要求、命令、要求、命令、建议、决定建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用句常用“（should）+ 动词原形动词原形”。nI insist that she (should) do her wor

23、k alone. nThe commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. .34注意注意2： 在宾语从句中，在宾语从句中，that 从句只跟从句只跟在在 except, but, besides, save（除除之外）五个介词后面之外）五个介词后面The Swede stood still, except _ his lips moved slightly.that.35nb. 用用whether或或if引导的宾语从句，引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍仍保持陈述句语序。保持陈述句语序

24、。此外，此外，whether与与if 在作在作“是否是否”的意思的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用，不用if： n引导引导主语从句主语从句并在并在句首句首时；引导时；引导表表语从句语从句时；引导从句作时；引导从句作介词宾语介词宾语时；时；从句后有从句后有“or not”时；后接时；后接动词动词不定式不定式时。时。.36Practice timeif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is wel

25、l or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.8. I dont know _ to go. if / whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether.37I doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. I dont doubt that we will win the match.Do you doubt that he did it on his own? doubt问题肯定句中用 if / whether否定句中用 that 疑定句中用 that I doubt _he is tel

26、ling the truth. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out .Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?Im doubtful _ he will agree to this. if / whether that that if / whether.38c. 否定的转移否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词

27、转移到主句从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：_我认为这件衣我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。服不适合你穿。I dont think the dress fits you well.393 a.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。b.当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语 动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内动词要用相应的过去时态，但当

28、宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。 The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. travels.40 will be goes were playing have returned had been The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six ocloc

29、k yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be).41 wrote has taken had been 6. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)7. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)8. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several

30、times. (be).424. 宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语We think it our duty that we should help others.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用语时，一般用itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。补后面。我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.43Exercises: “it”作形式主语或形式

31、宾语：作形式主语或形式宾语： 1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought b

32、ack? A. weB. yourselfC. itD. them ABBC三三. . 表语从句：表语从句：表语从句在复合句中作表语的表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语。可以接表语从句的连系动词有从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。等。作用：对主语进行解释说明。作用：对主语进行解释说明。连接词：连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引不引 导表语从句导表语从句) )连接代词：连接代词：who / w

33、hoever / which / whatever 连接副词：连接副词：when / where / why / how / because .45China is no longer what she used to be. Thats because we were in need of money at that time .He looked as if he was going to cry .The question was who could go there.需注意：需注意： 在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否” 时，只能用时，只能用 “whether”不能用不能用“I

34、f”。 一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。 It is /was because . It is /was why. 在句型在句型That / It is + 表语从句中，表语从句中，why 表示表示“结果结果”，because 表示表示“原因原因”。如如:There was something wrong with his car. That was why he came late.The boss scolded him. That was because he came late.3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The re

35、ason is because /whythat .1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A.

36、 what B. which C. that D. when .48在复合句中作主句的表语在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样表语从句表语从句1.问题是我们和他已失去联系问题是我们和他已失去联系.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.3.天看起来要下雨了天看起来要下雨了.The problem is_This is_.It looks_.that we have lost touch with him.how Henry solved the problem.as if it is

37、going to rain.491. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，(如如advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word 等抽等抽象名词象名词) ，同位语从句常用，同位语从句常用 that/ whether引导或连接副词引导或连接副词when / where /why / how ，例如：，

38、例如： .50e.g., 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.3）Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them .512. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语在句子中的位置 当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，

39、同位语从句常后置，构成分隔式同位语从同位语从句常后置，构成分隔式同位语从句，即可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，句，即可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. .52n1（2012浙江）浙江）I made a promise to myself n _this year, my first year in high school, would be different.nA. whether B. what C. that D. h

40、ow n2 (2012 江苏江苏)the notice came around two nin the afternoon _ the meeting would nbe postponed.nA. when B. that C. whether D. how .533 （2012重庆）重庆） Evidence has been found through years of study _childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.A. Why B. how C. whether D. t

41、hat .54that在同位语从句与定语从句的同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句that（连词）连词）只起连接的只起连接的作用作用,不充当句子成分不充当句子成分that(关系代词关系代词) 充当一定的充当一定的句子成分句子成分(主，宾，表）主，宾，表）同位语从句与前面的名同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，表示这词是同位关系，表示这个名词的内容个名词的内容定语从句对先行词起修饰定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，表示作用，表示“的的”。同位语从句的同位语从句的that 一般一般不能省不能省而定语从句中的关系代词而定语从句中的关系代词that，当其在从句中做宾，当其在从句中做宾语时，常常可以省略语时，常

42、常可以省略.55（I）试比较下面两个例句）试比较下面两个例句: 1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good.2.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导定语从句引导定语从句, 作宾语作宾语, 可以省略）可以省略） （that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句,在从句中不担在从句中不担当任何成分，但不可以省略）当任何成分，但不可以省略） .563 The news that he told me is

43、 that Tom would go abroad next year.（第一个（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语）4 The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（同位语从句，（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）在句中不作任何成分）.57辨别下列从句辨别下列从句1.We heard the news that our team had won.2.We must face the fact that we had spent all our money.3. The n

44、ews that he told me yesterday was false.4. I have no doubt that he will come soon. 5. The fact is that we have spent all our money.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从同位语从句句表语从句表语从句.58翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。1.What he wants is a book.2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3.

45、Im so glad that I can make friends with you.4.This is why he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet?6.That he wants a book is certain.7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this activity.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.9.He doesnt

46、know whether you can sing it well.10.The problem is whether you can sing it well.11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.12.Please tell me who your monitor is. 主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句.59(1) They wan

47、t to know _ do to help us.(1) They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they A. what can they B. what they can B. what they can C. how they can C. how they can D. how can they D. how can they(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A. where Alice had put B. wh

48、ere had Alice putA. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _.(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _. A. who is he A. who is he B. who he is B. who he is C. who is i

49、t D. who it isBCI.语序问题语序问题考点归纳考点归纳D归纳归纳 在名词性从句中，除了在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首关联词在从句之首外，外，其它部分其它部分应用应用_的语序的语序。陈述陈述.60II.用用if 或或whether 填空填空n1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.n2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.n3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.n4. It depends on _ we will have enou

50、gh money.n5. _ they can do it matters little to us.n6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without youwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用面的宾语从句只能用_，不能用，不能用if ；b.后面紧跟后面紧跟 or not 时时, 用用_.归纳归纳whetherwhether.61III. that 与与whether / if 的选择：的选择： (1) _

51、 knowledge comes from practice is known to all. WhatB. WhereC. If D. That(2) It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next week. A. thatB. eitherC. whetherD. when(3) I doubt _ he will come soon.(4) I do not doubt _ he will come soon.(5) Do you doubt _ he will come soon?whet

52、her / ifthatthat 表示是否时用表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用表示肯定时用_归纳归纳whether /ifthat.621._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3. _ he won the race was _ we expected.that:what: _只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义_起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或

53、表语， 表示表示“所所的的”。ThatWhatThatwhat归纳归纳. that， what引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句的区别.63. what & whatever who & whoever which & whichever 引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句的区别1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2. _we need is more time.3._ will go to the USA hasnt been decided.4._ breaks the law will be punished. Whate

54、verWhatWhoWhoevern _等引导的名词性从句等引导的名词性从句不不含有疑问意义含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而而n_等引导的名词性从句都等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。Whoever,whateverWho, what .64How about camping this weekend，just for a change?OK，_you want.Awhichever B. howeverCwhatever Dwhoever解析解析 考查情景交际。句意：考查情景交际。句意：“周末野营怎么样，换换口周末野营怎么样，换换口味？味？

55、”“”“好的，你想做什么都可以。好的，你想做什么都可以。”此处此处whatever表示表示“无论什么无论什么”，作，作want的宾语，故选的宾语，故选C项。项。答案答案C.651. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. which B. thatC. whatever D. all what2. These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them. which B. thatC. whatever D. all

56、 what3. _ kills, sells or eats wild animals or birds, is to blame. AnyoneB. Anyone whoC. Those whoD. ThoseExercises.66疑问词疑问词ever和和no matter疑问词的区别疑问词的区别1)疑问词疑问词ever(无论无论)可以引导名词性从句和让步状可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。语从句。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.(名词性从句，名词性从句，作主语作主语)Whoever breaks the rule, he must be

57、punished.(让步状语让步状语从句，作状语从句，作状语)No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.2)no matter疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.一般说来，一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么无论什么/无论无论谁谁”，相当于，相当于anything that./anyone who.。 .67. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气：名词性从句中的虚拟语气：He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. It was suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately.He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 表示