史上最精华的英语语法

1、初中语法一，词性：名，动，形，数，量，代，副，介，助，拟，叹，连，冠二，句子成分：主，谓，宾，定，状，补，表，同。三， 5 种简单句1，主 谓2，主（同）谓 （定）宾（状）（定）3，主系表4，主 谓 宾 宾（ make, draw, buy, send, pass, give, show, teach）5，主谓宾补四，形式变化规则。名词复数动词三单现动词现在分词动词过去式形容词比较，+ s+ s+ ing+ed最高级 +er/est一般的booksbuysworkingworkedtaller以 e 结尾的takinglivednicer以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的buseswashe

2、s以 f, fe 结尾的knives以辅音字母 + y 结尾的storiestriesstudiedeasier以 o 结尾的potatoes/photosgoes以 ie 结尾的dying以重读闭音节结尾的runningstoppedbigger部分双音节， 多音节词more careful五，名词：1，数：可数：单数a/an +名词复数 : 名词 +s特殊 :（ man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, mouse-mice, ox-oxen, deer-deer, sheep-sh

3、eep, fish-fish, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese）不可数： a 量词 of+ 名词2，所有格：（ 1）有生命的+ s , 以 s 结尾的+ 时间，距离，国家，城市+ s（ 2）无生命的 of（ 3）双重所有格： a friend of mine/ a friend of my father s六，动词：1，种类：（1）助动词：be, do , have, will（ 2）联系动词： be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, feel, go, get, turn, grow,become, stay, keep

4、, remain（ 3）情态动词： can, may, must, could, might, shall, should, have to, need（ 4）行为动词： have, fly, dance, swim 2，时态：现在过去将来过去将来一般do/doesdidwill dowould do完成have/has donehad donewill have donewould have done进行is/am/are doingwas/were doingwill be doingwould be doing完成进行have been doinghad been doingwill h

5、ave been doingwould have been doing（1）一般现在时态：意义： 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。常用时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never, every ,twice a day.（2）一般过去时态：意义： 表示发生在过去的动作或状态。常 用 时 间 状 语 ： yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, in 1990, ago, after , later.（3）一般将来时态：意义： 表示以后将要发生的动作或状态。常用时间状语：

6、 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next month, in 2010, in the future, in （4）现在完成时态：意义： A. 表示此动作已经完成，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。B. 表示此动作从以前一直持续发生到现在，以后还有可能继续发生。常用时间状语：already, yet, ever, never, since, for, so far, up to now, before, twice 瞬间性动词变延续性动词： die-be dead, borrow keep, buy-have, open-be open, close be c

7、losed, come be in, go be in, leave be away, begin be on, finish be over, join be in/ be a member of（5）过去完成时态：意义： 表示此动作在过去的某个时间之前已经完成了，即过去的过去。常用时间状语：by, by the end of , before+ pt（6）现在进行时态：意义： 表示此动作在说话的同时正在发生，或以后将会发生。常用的时间状语：now, look, listen, it s 8 oclock（7）过去进行时态：意义： 表示此动作在过去的某个时间正在进行。常用时间状语：at 8

8、yesterday, at this time yesterday（8）现在完成进行时态：意义： 强调此动作从过去一直持续到现在，以后还将持续下去。常用时间状语：already, yet, ever, never, since, for, so far, up to now, before, twice 3, 主 /被动语态：be done（1）时态的被动：一般过去was/were done一般现在is/am/are done一般将来will be done过去完成had been done过去进行was/were being done过去将来would be done现在完成have/has

9、 been done现在进行is/am/are being done（ 2）情态动词的被动： can, may, must, could, might, need, have to , should + be done（ 3）十大元帅的被动：主动省 to, 被动 + to .（ 4）加双宾语动词的被动：当物体做主语时有:make, draw, buy + forgive, send, pass, show, bring + to4,虚拟语气：If 条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反didshould/ would/ could/ might do与过去事实相反had doneshould/woul

10、d/ could/ might have done与将来事实相反didshould/ would/ could/ might dowere to doshould do5,动词搭配：（ 1）+ do:祈使句，情态动词 (can, may, must,), 助动词 (do, did, does, will, shall should, haveto, need), 十大元帅 feel, hear, listen to, make, let, have, see, watch, lookat,notice), help, why not, in order to, could you please

11、, bad better, used to(2) + to do: like, love, need, plan, want, help, hope, stop, decide, learn, start, begin, forget,remember, hate, would like, ask/tell sb (not) to do, have sth to do, encourage,try, go on, can twait, offer, prefer, attempt, volunteer.(3) + doing: like, prefer, enjoy, mind, stop,

12、stand, practice, go, be, be busy, do some, find,have fun, consider, finish, begin, start, forget, remember,介词 (how about, whatabout, Thank you for, think about, complain about, be afraid of , care about)，consider, have a difficulttime,have difficulty,try,feellike,can thelp,prefer to , go on, be used

13、 to, look forward to, give up,主语(4) 句型：It s for sb to do sth.I m sorry to do sth. It takes sb to do sth.I find it .for sb to do sth.It s time for sb to do sth.七，形容词1， 比较级与最高级的变化规则：特殊情况：good/well-better-best,bad/badly/ill-worse-worstmany/much-more-most, little-less-least, far-farther/further-farthest

14、/furthest2, 使用原级： very, so, quite, pretty, too to, as as, not so/asas.用比较级： 2, than, or, even, much, a lot, a little, far用最高级： 3, in, of all,3，特殊短语：越来越 :比 and 比/ more and more 形原 :taller and tallermore and more beautiful越 就越 :the 比, the 比The more (money you have), the better (your life will be)两者中较

15、那个 :the 比 of the two The taller of the two women is my aunt.One of + 最高级复数 :I am one of the tallest boys in my class.用比较级表最高级意思：I am the tallest in my class = I am taller than any other studentin myclass. = I am taller than the other students in my class.大小几岁：I am 2 years older than him.不如：I am youn

16、ger than him = I am not as old as him.八，数词1， 种类：基数词：one, two, three, four, twelve, fifteen, twenty, thirty-one, one hundred序数词：first,second, third,fifth,eighth, ninth, twelfth,fifteenth,twentieth,thirty-first, one hundred and thirty-first考点： 1,200,300,456:one billion,twohundred million,threehundred

17、thousand,four hundred and fifty-six时间： 30 past : 7:20 - twenty past seven 30 to: 7:45 - a quarter to eight实数： 200-two hundred虚数：几百 -hundreds of小数：9.876 nine point eight seven six分数：1/3-one third,2/3-two thirds,1/4 one quarter,3/4-threequarters1/2- one half倍数： 倍数+as as倍数 + 比较级 + than倍数 + the size/len

18、gth/width/height/depthof年月日： June 1st, 1990年代： in the 1990s= in the 1990 s岁数： in ones 30s= in ones thirties编号： Lesson One= the First Lesson, Unit One= the First Unit, Book One, Room 308,Class One, Grade Three, Bus No.3= the No.3 bus, Exercise 2, Page 6, Tel. No.88888823 Qingnian Road九，代词1， 人称代词主格Iyo

19、uhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem2， 物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs3， 反身代词 myselfyourself himself herselfitselfourselvesyourselves themselves4， 指示代词 this, that, these, those5， 相互代词 each other, one another6， 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, when, wh

20、at time, where, why, how(tall,old, many much, far, long, often, soon)7， 关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that ( 定语从句中 )8， 连接代词who, whom, what, which, whose (名词性从句中 )9， 不定代词one, ones, either（2 者中的任意一个） , each（ 2者中的任意一个） , every（3 者中的任意一个） , both（ 2 者都） , neither（2者中一个都不）, all（ 3 全都 ） , none（3 一个都不） , som

21、e（ 肯） , any（ 否，疑） , many（ 可数 ）, much（ 不可数） , few（ 可，否） , a few,（ 可，肯）， little（ 不，否）, a little（ 不，肯）,another, other, others, someone, anyone, no one, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, nothing十，介词时间： at, in, on, between, since, for, during, until, till, by, after, from to , before, past,

22、 behind方位： in, on, at, behind, beside, between, near, under, above, around, before, below,inside, outside, next to, across from, among, over, in front of, round, around运动方向： to, towards, round, around, through, across, from to., into ,onto, out of, along其他：by, to, like, unlike, of, except, about, fo

23、r, against, with, but, minus, plus, as, without, including, besides, except十一，连词1, 并列连词： and, but, or, for, so ,both and, not but, either or, neithernor, not only but also2,从属连词：3,连接词： that, if, whether . 连接代词（ who, whom, what, which, whose ），连接副词(when, where, why, how)十二，冠词1, 不定冠词a /an（ 1）一个I am an

24、 apple.（ 2）某一A Mr Li is waiting for you.（ 3）每一I play basketball twice a day.（ 4）一种A horse is very useful.2, 定冠词the（ 1）特指某人或某物I like the book.（ 2）说话双方都知道的人或物Open the door please.（ 3）上文提到过的人或物I have a friend, the friend is very kind to me.（ 4）世界上独一无二的事物the sun, the earth, the moon, the universe,（ 5）单数

25、可数名词前表一类the horse, the dog（ 6）乐器前play the piano/guitar/violin（ 7）序数词和形容词最高级前the first/second man.The tallest boy（ 8）方位词前in the east/south/west/north（ 9）形容词前表一类the rich/poor/old/young/sick/woulded（ 10）河流，海洋，山脉，群岛前the Changjiang River, the pacific Ocean,（ 11）姓氏复述前the Whites（ 12）普通名词变成的专有名词the Great Wa

26、ll3, 零冠词（ 1）专有名词前Tom, China, Sichuan（ 2）抽象名词和物质名词前love, happiness, water, air（ 3）季节，月份，星期前Spring, Summer, Autumn, January, Monday（ 4）复数名词表一类Horses are useful animals.（ 5）称呼语，头衔，职务前Father, Director, monitor（ 6）三餐前breakfast, lunch, supper, dinner（ 7）节假日Children s Day, TeachersDay（ 8）语言English, Chinese

27、（ 9）球类，棋类，游戏play basketball, football, volleyball, chess十三，句子的分类1， 句子种类Be 动词助动词情态动词陈肯I am old.I will cry.I can run.否I am not old.I won tcry.I cant run.疑一Are you old?Will you cry?Can you run?特How old are you?What will you do?What can you do?选Are you old or young?Will you cry or smile?Can you run or j

28、ump?反You are old, arentyou?You will cry, won t you?You can run, cantyou?祈Be quiet!Dontcry!Run faster!感How old he is!How loudly he cries!How fast he runs!补充 : 反意疑问句 :1, Be 动词 : He is tall, isn the?2,助动词 : You will cry, won tyou?3,情态动词 : You can run, cantyou?行为动词I like it.I dontlike it.Do you like it?

29、What do you like?Do you like it or not?You like it, don tyou?Come on!What a tall boy he is!4,行为动词 : You like it, don tyou?5,已经表示否定的词: never, few, little, hardly, scarcely, seldom, nothing, nobody, no one.He never talks in my class, does he?6,第一人称否定转移: I don tthink/ believe/ suppose he is good, is he

30、?7,祈使句 : (Dont) open the door, will you?8, Let s -shall we, let us -will you:Let s go, shall we?Let us go, will you?感叹句 :1, What a/an (adj)名词/( 主 谓 )!What bad weather it is today!What a clever boy he is!What beautiful flowers they are!2, How形容词 /副词/ (主 谓 )!How clever the boy is!How fast the boy runs

31、!2, 句子类型(1) 简单句：（ 2）并列句： and, but, or, for, so ,both and, notbut, either or, neither nor,not only but also（ 3）复合句：A. 名词性从句：a.主语从句： that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when , where, why, how. b.宾语从句（直接引语 间接引语）：陈述句 that:He said, “I am tall. ”- He said (that) he was tall.一般疑问句if/whether: He a

32、sked me, “Do you like me? ”- He asked me if I liked him.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 +陈述句 : He asked me, “Who do you like? He asked me who I liked.祈使句 : ask/tell sb (not) to do sth:He said to me, “Shut up.”-He asked me to shut up.注意： 1，时态 （主现从任，主过从过） ， 2，语序（陈述句）3，人称 （1-3，2-1/3 ，3-3）4，代词和状语（ this-that, these-those, no

33、w-then, today-thatday, this week-that week,yesterday-the day before, the day before yesterday- twodays before, last week- the weekbefore, 3 days ago- 3 days before, tomorrow-the next day, the dayafter tomorrow- 2 dayslater, next week-the next week, here- there, come- go.）c.表语从句： that, if, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when , where, why, how.d,同位语从句 :that, if, whether,B. 形容词性从句：-定语从句：先行词： 定语从句所修饰的那个词关系代词： who 人主 ，whom 人宾 ， whose 人物定 ， which 物主宾 ， that 人物主宾关系副词： when 时间状语 ， where 地点状语 ， why