虚拟语气 (3)

1、曾经有一段真挚的爱情摆在我的面前曾经有一段真挚的爱情摆在我的面前,我却没有珍惜我却没有珍惜,直到失去才直到失去才追悔莫及追悔莫及.人世间最大的痛苦莫过于此人世间最大的痛苦莫过于此. 如果上天再给我一次机会的话如果上天再给我一次机会的话,我一定会对那女孩说三个字我一定会对那女孩说三个字:我爱你我爱你.如果非要在这段爱情前加个期限的话如果非要在这段爱情前加个期限的话,我希望是一万年我希望是一万年. Once I let a ture love slip away before my eyes, only to find myself regretful when it was too late .

2、 Nothing in the world can be as painful as this. If God were to give me another chance, I would tell the girl three words - I love you. If our love had to be setted a time limit, I wish it would be ten thousands years! 虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式.一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等Definiti

3、onSubjunctive Mood(虚拟语气）虚拟语气）虚拟语气虚拟语气Types一一.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用条件句中的应用通常有三种情况：通常有三种情况：与与过去过去事实相反。事实相反。与与现在现在事实相反。事实相反。与与将来将来事实可能相反。事实可能相反。条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来过去式过去式 (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V. (原原)would/could/should/might +have done1.过去式过去式2. should+ V.

4、(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)虚拟语气虚拟语气1. If 型型条件从句条件从句条件从句的谓条件从句的谓语形式语形式主语的谓语主语的谓语形式形式与过去相与过去相反反If I (you, he/she, they, we ) + had +过去分词过去分词would/could/should/might+ have +过去过去分词分词与过去相反与过去相反e.g.If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him.If you had got up earlier, you co

5、uld have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。 Ifhad done, would/could/ should/might have done过去过去 If I _ time last night, I _ to see the film with you.had hadwould have goneIf he _ more carefully, he_ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had If I _ how to swim,had lea

6、rnt I _ trapped in this island.would not have been 条件从句条件从句条件从句的谓语条件从句的谓语形式形式主语的谓语形主语的谓语形式式与现在相反与现在相反If I (you, he/she, they, we )+动词动词过去式过去式be动词一律用动词一律用werewould/could/should/might+动动词原形词原形与与现在现在相反相反e.g.If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. If he smoked less, his cough might be w

7、ell soon. If.过去式过去式(were),would/should/could/might v原原现在现在If it _fine today, I _go shopping.werewouldWhat would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery, I wouldIf I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.If I _ a lot of money, I _buy a villa.hadwould从句从句 条件从句的谓语形式条件从句的谓语形式主语的谓主语的谓语

8、形式语形式与将与将来相来相反反If I (you, he/she, they, we )+动词过去式动词过去式If I (you, he/she, they, we )+should+动词原形动词原形If I (you, he/she, they, we )+were to+动词原形动词原形would/could/should/might+动词动词原形原形与将来相反与将来相反将来将来明年我要是二十岁明年我要是二十岁, , 我就会学法语。我就会学法语。 要是失败了要是失败了, , 我会再试一次。我会再试一次。 If I were/were to be/should be twenty years

9、 old next year, I would take the course of French.If过去式过去式(were)should+ V(原原), were to dowould/should/could/mightv原原 If I failed/were to fail/should fail, I would try again.如果你成功了，一切都会好起来。如果你成功了，一切都会好起来。If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all ri

10、ght.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.非真实性条件状语从句中的虚拟语气含有含有if的非真实性条件句的非真实性条件句 If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式（be动词的一律用动词的一律用were） If+主语主语+had+动词过去分词动词过去分词 If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式（be动词的一律用动词的一律用were） If+主语主语+should+动词原形动词原形 If+主语主语+were to+动词原形动词原形would/couldshould/might+动原动原would/couldshould/might+

11、have+动词过去分词动词过去分词would/couldshould/might+动原动原与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实可能相反if条件从句结果主句F省略if的非真实性条件句省略省略if的非真实性条件句，条件从句中谓语动词过去式的非真实性条件句，条件从句中谓语动词过去式的的were，should，had等词要移动至主语之前，构成主等词要移动至主语之前，构成主谓倒装的结构；主句部分不变。注意：如果条件句中不谓倒装的结构；主句部分不变。注意：如果条件句中不含含were，should，had，则不宜倒装。，则不宜倒装。Exercise:1. If you were in my positio

12、n, you would do the same.2. If he had been in your position, he would probably have done the same. Were you in my position, you would do the same.Had he been in your position, hed probably havedone the same.3. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.4. If we were to picnic,

13、 we would not be able to help you. 5. If I had time, I would come.Should he fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.Were we to picnic, we would not be able to help you.Had I time, I would come. 在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句及主语从句中及主语从句中2. Should + V 型型虚拟语气虚拟语气句型 it is necessary/strang

14、e/that +从句从句四个要求四个要求四个建议四个建议insistorder, commanddemand, desire require, request，其后的宾语从句及以其其后的宾语从句及以其同根名词同根名词引导的主语，表引导的主语，表语，同位语从句中。语，同位语从句中。虚拟语气虚拟语气Should +v 型型两个命令两个命令一个坚持一个坚持1.在宾语在宾语从句从句，表语，表语从句从句，同位语，同位语从句从句，主语，主语从句从句中。中。这种用法的词有：这种用法的词有：advise, suggest, propose，recommendTranslation 他建议我们早点回家。He s

15、uggested that we (should) go home earlier.It was suggested that we (should) go home earlier.His suggestion was that we (should) go home earlier.He made an suggestion that we (should) go home earlier.虚拟语气虚拟语气宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句TIPST. or F. You pale face suggests that you (should) be il

16、l. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. I insisted that you were wrong.insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist 表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式时，用虚拟形式，即，即 should + do;Insist 表示表示“坚持认为，坚持说坚持认为，坚持说”时，用陈述语气时，用陈述语气，表示事，表示事实。实。Suggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用虚拟形式。时，用虚拟形

17、式。Suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。时，用陈述语气。FTFT虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气类似用法的词有类似用法的词有：necessary，strange，natural，desired， a pity, a shame, no wonder 。Should + V 型型2. It is important (necessary, strange,) that .我们有必要出去散散步。 她这样做是很自然的。 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 Should + V 型型虚拟语气虚拟语气TranslationIts necessary that we should ha

18、ve a walk .Its natural that she should do so.Its important that we should take good care of the patient.Wish / As if (though)3.类似类似 if 型型虚拟语气虚拟语气Would rather/ If only But for +n/ Without +n Its (high) time +that+ did(与现在事实相反的情况与现在事实相反的情况 )+ had done(与过去事实相反与过去事实相反)+would /could/ might +do(将来不大可能实现的愿

19、望将来不大可能实现的愿望 )二.宾语从句中的虚拟语气1. 动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示“与事实相反 的情况”或“不容易实现的愿望”。（1）与过去事实相反，宾语从句中谓语动词用过去完成式 e.g. She wishes/wished that she _ (be) brave then. I wish/wished that I _ never met him.（2）与现在事实相反，宾语从句中谓语动词用一般过去式 （be动词用were） e.g. He wishes /wished he _(be)a bird. I wish/wished I _ (know) his addre

20、ss.（3）与将来事实相反，宾语从句中谓语从句用would/ could/might + 动词原形 e.g. I wish/wished that the rain _ (stop) at once.had beenhadwereknewwould stopI wish I were as tall as Yaoming.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnteaten so much watermelon. would Rather + that （从句）（从句） 宁愿。宁愿。If only +要是。要是。过去时过去时过

21、去完成时过去完成时现在现在过去过去过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时现在现在/将来将来过去过去类似类似 if 型（型（2）虚拟语气虚拟语气Its (high) time +that过去时过去时(were)/Should(不省不省) +V.你该走了。你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 类似类似 if 型（型（3）类似类似 if 型（型（4）虚拟语

22、气虚拟语气but for +n(要不是) without +notherwise(否则)in that case一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if）, 其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。，+主句主句would/could/should/might +V. (原原)would/could/should/might +have done现在现在/将来将来过去过去1. But for your help, we (make) such rapid progress.没有你的帮助，我们是不会取得这么快的进展的。没有你的帮助，我们是不会取得这么

23、快的进展的。would not have made虚拟语气虚拟语气类似类似 if 型型2. Without air, there _ (be) no living things. 如果没有空气，就不会有生物如果没有空气，就不会有生物 would be3. Thanks to the brave young man, otherwise, the boy _(die).would have died.复杂性的虚拟语气复杂性的虚拟语气 1.1.混合性虚拟语气混合性虚拟语气( (主要体现在主要体现在if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句中，即中，即if从句和主句的从句和主句的时间不一致时间不一致。这时从句这时从句

24、用从句的时态，主句用主句的时态用从句的时态，主句用主句的时态。) )如果他听了我的劝告如果他听了我的劝告, , 他现在会通过考试。他现在会通过考试。 He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. Had I spoken to him yesterday, I would know what to do now. 假如假如昨天昨天我对他说了我对他说了,现在现在我就知道该怎么我就知道该怎么办了。办了。 Were I you , I would not have broken the glass. 假如我是你假如我是你, 我我当时当时就不会打破那杯子。就不会打破那杯子。 如果如果我昨天没有淋雨的话，今天就不会去我昨天没有淋雨的话，今天就不会去看医生了。看医生了。 If I hadnt been caught in the rain yesterday, I wouldnt see a doctor now.如果