Perception, Attention and Memory(感知、注意、记忆)

1、Lecture 7Perception, Attention and Memory1. Perception: successful perception involves educated and unconscious guess about the world.3. Memory: there are many types of memory. The key to memory is organization and understanding. 五 说教学过程2. Attention: we attend to something, and no to others and we m

2、iss a surprising amount of what happends in the world.1.Perception Around your eyes you have retina, and retina is a bunch of nerve cells. And nerve cells fire at for some stimulus and not others, and from this array of firing, you have to figure out what the world is. Thus, the firings of the neuro

3、ns could be viewed as an array of numbers. You have to figure out how to get from the numbers to objects, people, actions and events. Its made a particularly a difficult problem because your retina is a two-dimensional surface and you have to infer a 3D world from a 2D surface. The way we solve this

4、 problem is that we have unconscious assumptions about how the world works. Our mind contains certain assumptions how things should be that enable us to make educated guesses from the 2D array on to the 3D world. Three example: colour, objects and depth. 1. colour&brightness 2.Objects Gestalt pr

5、inciple: 1. Proximity- 2. Similarity- 3. Closure- 4. Good continuation- 5. Good form- 3. Depth1. Binocular disparity（双目视差）2. Interposition（对象重叠）3. Relative size（相对大小）4. Texture gradient(纹理梯度) 3.Depth 1.Binocular disparity 2. Interposition3. Relative size4. Texture gradientPonzo illusion(铁轨错觉铁轨错觉)She

6、pard tables(谢巴德旋转桌谢巴德旋转桌)Classic illusion(经典错觉，箭形错觉经典错觉，箭形错觉)2. Memory We are fascinated with memory and, its particularly interesting when memory goes wrong, we call it amnesia(失忆症失忆症). There are broadly two types of amnesia.One type of amnesia is you lose your memory of the past. Another type of a

7、mnesia is you lose the ability to form new memories. Basic distinctions in memory1. Sensory memory: a residue in your senses2. Short-term memory, also known as working memory: spans for a few minutes 3. Long-term memory. Implicit memory(内隐记忆内隐记忆): what you have conscious access to.Explicit memory(外显

8、记忆外显记忆): unconsciousSemantic memory(语义记忆语义记忆): basical facts. Episodic memory(情景记忆情景记忆)：autobiography, what happened to you. Encoding(编码编码): getting the memory in. Stores(储存储存): holding the memory. Retrieval (提取提取): getting the memory out. retrieval is often broken, conveniently, into recall versus

9、recognition, where recall is when you just pull it out of memory and recognition is when you recognize what corresponds to something in the past.Different levels of what happens in memory3. Attention Theres all sorts of things happening to you now. what determines what gets into memory? attention do

10、es. attention does.Attention does.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXHXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXHXXXXXXHXXXHXXXHXXXHXXXXXXXXXXHXXXXHXXHXXXXHXXXXXHXXXXXHXXXHXXXXHXXXHXXXXXXXHXXXHXXHXXXXHXXHXXgreen red black blue red green black blue green black green red black blue red green black blue green black Stroop effect: the influence of interference factors on reaction time. Change blindless: when