人教版高中英语第一册知识点归纳

1、学习必备欢迎下载必修 1： friendship （ p1）1. be good to对好，对和气，对友好why can't she be good to her sister.为什么她不能对她姐姐好点？2. survey 调查a survey of 对的调查，关于的调查a survey of us businesses 对美国企业的调查survey shows/reveals that 调查显示the survey showed that britain s trees ahreeailnthg.o调od查显示英国的树木状况良好； carry out/conduct a survey

2、 =do a survey 进行调查we conducted a survey of parents in the village.我们对这个村子的孩子父母作了一次调查；3. add 添加、增加、运算、相加add sth to sth 把加入中do you want to add your name to the list.你想把你的名字加到名单里吗？add sth and sth together 把和相加； add 7 and 5 to make 12. 7 加 5 得 12 ；add to something 增加what he did has added to our difficul

3、ties.他的所作所为增加了我们的困难；add up to 总计，加起来等于the cost added up to 100 million yuan.费用总计达一亿元；4. until直到为止the ticket is valid until march.这张票的有效期始终到.3月. 份；he waited until she had finished speaking.他始终等到她讲完；not until 直到才用于强调某事在某个详细的时刻或者另一件事发生以前没有发生it was not until 1972 that the war finally came to an end.直到 .

4、1972年. 战争才最终终止；5. finish停止学习必备欢迎下载finish doing sth 停止做某事（停下正在做的事情）i finished typing the report just minutes before it was due.我在截止时间前几分钟才把报告打完；finish+ with以为结尾the party finished with a song.聚会以一首合唱终止；6. help 帮忙help sb with sth 帮忙某人某事can i help you with the washing up.我来帮你洗碗好吗？my father said he s goi

5、ng to help me with the父fe亲es说.费用问题他会帮我解决的；help sb to do sthi helped her to carry her cases up the stairs. 我帮她把箱子拎上了楼；she helped him choose some new clothes. 她帮他挑了一些新衣服；help to do sthshe was coming to help clean the machines.她要来帮忙擦洗机器；7. plann.方案、准备；vi & vt方案、筹划、准备planning, planned, plannedn.方案、准

6、备；plan for,的方案有时候也会用介词of his plan is to work abroad for a year.他方案去国外工作一年； do you have any plans for the weekend.你周末有什么准备？ make a plan / make plans 做方案、制定方案、筹备；mary has been busy making plans for her wedding.玛丽始终在忙着筹划她的婚礼；carry out a plan=do what has been planned 实施方案they were arrested before they c

7、ould carry out their plans.他们在实施方案之前就被逮捕了；plan to do sth 方案去做某事 /准备去做某事 /谋划去做某事maria didn t plan to kill fiona. it was an acciden玛t. 丽亚并非蓄意杀害菲奥娜，那是个意外；8. getvi & vt获得、到达、收到、购买、取得（ getting, got, gotten ）使某事发生在某人身上/某物上get it repairedyou re going to get us all killed. 你会让我们都没命的！don t get yourself b

8、urned. 别烫到自己；9. upset学习必备欢迎下载adj. 心烦意乱的、不快的、烦躁的i was very upset because one of my friend was rude to me.我很心烦，由于我的一个好伴侣对我特别无礼；be upset aboutshe was deeply upset about the way her father treated her. 父亲那样对她，她特别伤心；upset thatdebbie was upset that he didn t spend more time他wi没th有he花r.更多的时间陪自己，黛比觉得不快； be

9、upset with sb 生某人的气，对某人感到不快you re not still upset with me, are you. 你不是仍在生我的气吧？vt. 使某人愤怒；使愤怒；使心烦意乱don t do anything that would upset him. 别做惹他愤怒的事情；his cheating in the exam upset his teacher.他在考试中作弊，这使他的老师很愤怒；10. ignorevt.忽视、忽视、不理会you can igtnore the fact that many criminals never go to prison.你不能无视

10、许多罪犯从未获刑的事实；the phone rang, but she ignored it.电话铃响了，但她只当没听见；11. calmadj. 静的、安静的、冷静的；n. 安静、安静； vi & vt使安静glen was calm and composed at the funeral.格伦在葬礼上表现得安静而冷静；remain/stay/keep calm保持冷静、保持安静；i tried to stay calm and just ignore him.我尽量保持冷静，不去理会他；the calm before the stormn.安静暴风雨前的安静指猛烈争辩或严峻问题显现

11、前短暂的安静局面calm down 复原安静，复原正常; calm sb down使某人安静下来it took months for things to calm down after we had the baby.我们有了宝宝后过了好几个月，家里的一切才复原正常；she lit a cigarette to calm herself down.她点了支烟，使自己安静下来；12. have got to do 必需，不得不；have you got to go now.你非得现在走吗？辨析： have got to 和 have to 的区分学习必备欢迎下载1) 在表示一次性动作时，两者可以

12、互换；i have（ got） to be back by 10 o我clo十ck点. 前必需回来；2) 当表示习气性动作时，特殊是句子中有表示常常性的副词（always 、often 等），就用 have to, 而不用have got toi often have to get up at 5.我常常要五点起床；3) have got to 几乎不用在过去时态中；in order to catch you, i had to walk very fast.为了赶上你，我不得不走得很快才行；4) have to 在使用时可以搭配助动词或情态动词；也可以用在停止体或完成体结构中，而have g

13、ot to不行；i shall have to help him as much as i can.我将不得不尽我所能地去帮他；7. plann.方案、准备；vi & vt方案、筹划、准备planning, planned, plannedn.方案、准备；plan for,的方案有时候也会用介词of his plan is to work abroad for a year.他方案去国外工作一年； do you have any plans for the weekend.你周末有什么准备？ make a plan / make plans 做方案、制定方案、筹备；mary has b

14、een busy making plans for her wedding.玛丽始终在忙着筹划她的婚礼；carry out a plan=do what has been planned 实施方案they were arrested before they could carry out their plans.他们在实施方案之前就被逮捕了；plan to do sth 方案去做某事 /准备去做某事 /谋划去做某事maria didn t plan to kill fiona. it was an acciden玛t. 丽亚并非蓄意杀害菲奥娜，那是个意外；8. getvi & vt获得

15、、到达、收到、购买、取得（ getting, got, gotten ）使某事发生在某人身上/某物上get it repairedyou re going to get us all killed. 你会让我们都没命的！don t get yourself burned. 别烫到自己；9. upset adj. 心烦意乱的、不快的、烦躁的i was very upset because one of my friend was rude to me.我很心烦，由于我的一个好伴侣对我特别无礼；be upset aboutshe was deeply upset about the way her

16、 father treated her. 父亲那样对她，她特别伤心；学习必备欢迎下载upset thatdebbie was upset that he didn t spend more time他wi没th有he花r.更多的时间陪自己，黛比觉得不快； be upset with sb 生某人的气，对某人感到不快you re not still upset with me, are you. 你不是仍在生我的气吧？vt. 使某人愤怒；使愤怒；使心烦意乱don t do anything that would upset him. 别做惹他愤怒的事情；his cheating in the e

17、xam upset his teacher.他在考试中作弊，这使他的老师很愤怒；10. ignorevt.忽视、忽视、不理会you can igtnore the fact that many criminals never go to prison.你不能无视许多罪犯从未获刑的事实；the phone rang, but she ignored it.电话铃响了，但她只当没听见；11. calmadj. 静的、安静的、冷静的；n. 安静、安静； vi & vt使安静glen was calm and composed at the funeral.格伦在葬礼上表现得安静而冷静；rem

18、ain/stay/keep calm保持冷静、保持安静；i tried to stay calm and just ignore him.我尽量保持冷静，不去理会他；the calm before the stormn.安静暴风雨前的安静指猛烈争辩或严峻问题显现前短暂的安静局面calm down 复原安静，复原正常; calm sb down使某人安静下来it took months for things to calm down after we had the baby.我们有了宝宝后过了好几个月，家里的一切才复原正常；she lit a cigarette to calm herself

19、 down.她点了支烟，使自己安静下来；12. have got to do 必需，不得不；have you got to go now.你非得现在走吗？辨析： have got to 和 have to 的区分5) 在表示一次性动作时，两者可以互换；i have（ got） to be back by 10 o我clo十ck点. 前必需回来；6) 当表示习气性动作时，特殊是句子中有表示常常性的副词（always 、often 等），就用 have to, 而不用have got toi often have to get up at 5.我常常要五点起床；学习必备欢迎下载7) have go

20、t to 几乎不用在过去时态中；in order to catch you, i had to walk very fast.为了赶上你，我不得不走得很快才行；8) have to 在使用时可以搭配助动词或情态动词；也可以用在停止体或完成体结构中，而have got to不行；i shall have to help him as much as i can.我将不得不尽我所能地去帮他；13. be concerned about sb 关怀某人he knows that you are always concerned about him.他知道你始终关怀他；14. take care of

21、 照料、照看、负责（ take, took, taken）we only have one earth, so we need to take care of her.我们只有一个地球，所以我们必需要好好的照料她；15. walk the dog遛狗she hasto walk the dog every morning.她每天早晨不得不遛狗；she had to walk the dog every morning last year.去年，她每天早晨都不得不遛狗；16. take an exam 参与考试； take the end-of-term exam参与期末考试when can i

22、 take an exam.我什么时间参与考试？17. laugh at 取笑、嘲笑the suggestion he made was laughed at by the committee. 他提出的建议遭到了委员会的嘲笑；18. go through 经受、经受或通过、经过、穿过he was going through a very difficult time.他在经受一段特别艰巨的时期；you must go through customs in order to pass across the border. 你要过境，就必需在海关办理手续；19. set down 登记、放下、登

23、记old walter is setting down his memories of village life.老瓦尔特正在写他的乡村生活回忆录；top priority for me is getting him off this plane so i can finally set down my gun.现在对于我来说最要紧的事就是让他下飞机，这样我就能放下我的枪了；20. a series of 一系列、一连串we learn language through a series of prompts and feedback.我们通过一系列的提示和反馈学习语言；21. want to

24、 do sth; want sb to do sth; want sth donei want to go shopping tomorrow morning.明天上午我想去购物；i want you to find out what they r我e p要la你nn查in明g.他们有什么方案；i want that letter typed today.我要那封信今日就打好；22. since自从以来，就始终（通常与主句中完成式连用）学习必备欢迎下载we ve been waiting here since two o我们从c两loc点k.钟开头就在这里等了；i haven t played

25、 rugby since i left university我.高校毕业后就没打过橄榄球；she left london ten years ago, and i haven t s她ee十n年he前r s离in开ce伦.敦，此后我再没有见过她；23. hide away 隐藏、隐匿（hid, hidden ）hide 动词， away 为副词，宾语为代词时应放在两者中间she and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.她和她的家人躲了近二十五个月才被发觉；as he di

26、dn t want his sister to share his chocolate, he hid it away somewhere undheer tbed.由于他不想和妹妹共享巧克力，他把它藏在床下的某个地方了；24. on purpose 有意地反义短语： by accident/ by chance 意外地，偶然地i stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon.为了好好看看月亮，我有意醒着直到十一点半；cinderella left her shoe

27、 on the stairs on purpose.灰姑娘有意把她的一只鞋子留在了台阶上；rockets were probably invented by accident about 2021 years ago.火箭可能是在约两千多年前无意间被创造的；by chance i came across an article about her.很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于她的文章；25. in order to （+ do ） 为了否定形式： in order not to do sthso as to 可与in order to互换，作目的状语，但so as to 不能位于句首in orde

28、r that/so that引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can, may ,might, could等，当主句和从句主语一样时，in order that / so that可以和in order to/ so as to互换；we got up early in order to/ so as to catch the early bus.=in order to catch the early bus, we got up early.=we got up early to catch the early bus.=we got up early in order that / s

29、o that we could catch the early bus.为了赶上早班车，我们起得很早；26. darev. 敢于，胆敢dare 既可作为实意动词，也可作为情态动词；作实意动词时后面常接不定式to do sth, 在疑问句和否定句中 to 可省略，作情态动词使用时多用于否定句和疑问句；详细用法如下：学习必备欢迎下载确定句中：实意动词dare to do sth 敢于做某事否定句中：实意动词：don t/ doesn t/ didn t dare 不to敢 d做o 某sth事情态动词： daren t/ daredn t do sth疑问句中：实意动词：do/ does/ did

30、+ 主语 + dareto do sth.情态动词： dare / dared +主语 + do sth.he dares to speak english before his class. 他敢在同学面前说英语he doesn atrde to speak english before his class. 他不敢再同学面前说英语；=he daren t speak english before his class.does he dare to speak english before his class. 他敢在同学面前说英语吗？=dare he speak english befor

31、e his class.27. happen vi. 发生；碰巧happen to do/ be doing/ have done/ be done 碰巧要做 / 正在做 /做过 /被做happen to sb 某人遇到；某人遭到it just so happens that碰巧happen 作“发生、 碰巧 ”时，都是不及物动词， 也不能用于被动语态；此外， take place, break out, occur, come about 这些短语也都无被动语态；five months ago, i happened to be upstairs at dusk when the windo

32、w was open.五个月前的一个傍晚，我碰巧在楼上，当时窗户是开着的；i happened to have seen the lost bike. 我碰巧见过那辆丢了的自行车；my mom tells me that i can t control what happen to me.我妈妈告知我，我掌握不了发生在我身上的事；it just so happened that he was upstairs. = he happened to be upstairs.他碰巧在楼上；28. face to face 面对面face to face 短语作状语，用来修饰句子中的动词；“名词 +介

33、词 +名词 ”结构的短语仍有： shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩；back to back 背对背； side by side 肩并肩； step by step 逐步地； day after day 日复一日； year after year 年复一年； hand in hand 手牵手； arm in arm 臂挽臂；等等；face-to-face 是复合形容词，用来修饰名词，作定语；it s better to talk with ourrifends face to face. 最好和我们的伴侣面对面地交谈；the couple walked along the str

34、eet side by side.这对夫妻肩并肩沿着大街走；they went to a wonderful party yesterday. first, they danced face to face and then they had a face-to-face talk.学习必备欢迎下载29. no longer不再no longer = notany lo，n表ge示r时间上不再连续，修饰连续性动词；no more = notany m，o表re示动作不再连续，数量不再增加或者程度不再加深，修饰非连续性动词；she no longer works here.= she doesn

35、 t work here a她ny不lo在ng这er里.工作了；time lost will return no more. = time lost will not return any more.失去的时间不会再回来；30. power n. 力气；才能；权力do everythi ng in one s pow尽e全r力做某事have the power to do sth 有做某事的才能be in power执政，掌权（强调状态） come to power 执政，掌权（强调动作）powerful adj.有权势的，有才能的，有影响力的；反义：powerless adj. 无权的，无影

36、响力的knowledge is power.学问就是力气；i will do everything in my power to help you.我会尽全力帮忙你；the president has the power to reject bills.总统有权拒绝议案；31. 辨析：情态动词+ have done 表示对过去事情的估计；注：虚拟语气中除外；1. could have done 可能做过某事（表示比较确定的估计）/本能够做而未做2. may /might have done可能做过某事（表示不太确定的估计）3. must have done肯定做过某事（特别确定）4. can

37、t /couldn t have 不do可ne能做过某事5. should have done = ought to have done 本该做某事而未做6. shouldn t have done = ought not to have don本e 不该做某事却做了eg:史密斯先生不行能去了北京，由于我刚才在图书馆观察他了；mr. smith can t have gone to beijing, for i saw him in the library just now.对不起，我迟到了，我本该早点给你打电话的；i am sorry for being late. i should hav

38、e phoned you earlier.你昨天本不该把真相告知他的；you shouldn t have told him the truth yesterday.学习必备欢迎下载32. make +宾语 +宾补make 是使役动词，它的宾补用省略to 的不定式、形容词、过去分词和名词；留意： make 后面的宾补不能用现在分词，即：make sb doing ×；make 后面的宾补为省略to 的不定式时，即make sb do sth，在变为被动语态时，to 要仍原； her mother made her stay at home. she was made to stay

39、at home by her mother.1. make sb/sth do sth = have/let sb/sth do sth 使某人 /某物去做某事2. make sb/sth done = have sb/sth done使某人 / 某事被3. make sb/sth + adj.使某人 /某物4. make sb/sth + n.使某人 /某物成为eg:他让她日夜工作；he made her work day and night.她大声说以便自己的话被听清晰；she spoke loudly so that she could make herself heard clearl

40、y.她通过了考试，这使她的父母感到骄傲；she passed the exam, which make her parents proud.我们让他当队长；we made him captain of the team.33. keep + 宾语+ 宾补此结构表示 “使保持”，宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词或过去分词；留意： keep 后面的宾补不能用不定式，即keep sb/sth to do sth； ×但是后面的宾补可以用现在分词，即keep sb/sth doing sth.eg:他喜爱开着窗户睡觉；he likes to keep the window open

41、 while sleeping.他总是使车保持良好状态；学习必备欢迎下载he always keeps the car in good condition.对不起，让你久等了；i am sorry to keep you waiting so long.多听少讲；keep your mouth shut and your ears open.34. wonder vi&vt疑问、想知道、怀疑；u.n. 对美丽事物或新奇事物赞叹、诧异； c.n.奇事、奇迹；1. i wonder if/whether我不知是否此句型表示有礼貌地询问某事或恳求帮忙，其中if/whether 引导宾语从句；

42、多用于口语中；eg.: 不知您能否帮我的忙；i wonder if/whether you can help me.我可不行以要一杯饮料？i wonder if i might have a drink.2. wonder + who/what/how/where 引导的从句，表示：想知道eg.: 我想知道詹姆斯的近况；i wonder how james is getting on.3. n.eg.: 观察长城，我们满怀赞叹；the sight of the great wall filled us with wonder.世界七大奇迹the seven wonders of the wor

43、ld4. it s no/aslml/little wonder that并不古怪，不足为奇eg.: 怪不得你头痛，你昨晚喝太多了；no wonder you ve got a headache, the amount you drank last night.5. it s a wonder th令at人诧异的是eg.: 竟然没有人受伤，真是奇迹；学习必备欢迎下载it s a wonder no one got hurt.35. there was a time when曾经有一段时间此句结构为：when 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a time, when是关系副词，在从句中作时间状语；eg

44、: 曾经有一段时间我很简单愤怒；there was a time when i became angry easily.曾经有一段时间我们幸福地生活在一起；there was a time we lived happily together.36. it/this/that +is/was +the first/last time现th在at完+成sb时+ /过去完成时表示：这是某人第一次做 eg.: 这是我第一次看到这里；this/it is the first time that i have seen here.这是我其次次吃汉堡；this is the second time that

45、 i have eaten hamburgers.这是他第三次被警告有危急了；it was the third time that he had been warned of the danger.37. settle vi.定居； vt. 使定居、解决settle down定居下来settle down to （ doing） sth 安心做某事settler n. 移民eg.: 现在你该解决同你父亲之间的分歧了；it s time for you to settle your differences with your father.他们把当地人迁移到别处定居；they moved the

46、 local people and settled them in another place.学习必备欢迎下载毫无疑问这是解决问题的正确方式；there is no doubt that it is the best way to settle the problem.他们开头仔细争论问题；they settled down to a serious discussion.38. suffer vi. 遭受、患病；vt.遭受、忍耐 suffer from受的磨练、患病suffer pain/hardship/punishment遭受痛楚 /艰巨 / 惩处 sufferer n. 受苦难者、患

47、病者suffering n. 肉体或者精神上的痛楚、苦难eg.: 她遭受孤独的磨练，但在那里她必需学会喜爱它；she suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.他的腿受伤了，疼痛难忍；his leg was broken and he suffered great pain.人们极其痛楚；the suffering of the people was extreme.39. recover vi & vt.复原recover from从中复原recovery n. 复原eg.: 在这么脏的房间里，琳达

48、怎么能从疾病中复原过来呢？how could linda recover from her illness in this dirty room.从一场重感冒中复原过来花了他很长时间；it took a long time for her to recover from a bad cold.it took her a long time to recover from a bad cold.学习必备欢迎下载她突然什么都看不见了，但是很快就复原了视力；she couldn t see anything suddenly but she quickly recovered her sight.医

49、生们确信他会完全康复；the doctors are confident he ll make a full recovery.40. get/be tired of 对厌烦get/be tired of对感到厌倦 get/be tired from因感到疲乏 tire sb out使某人感到筋疲力尽eg.: 我已经厌倦了透过脏兮兮的窗帘和布满灰尘的窗户看大自然了；i ve got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.读书常常使我疲惫，有时筋疲力尽，但我不厌恶读书；i am often tire

50、d from reading and sometimes i am tired out, but i am not tired of it.41. have trouble with和某人有冲突；在某事上有麻烦have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth.做某事有困难have trouble/difficulty/problems in doing sth.做某事有困难eg.: 现在我跟班上同学有些冲突；i am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.我通常知道我想说什么，但是用语言表达出来却有困难；i often know what to say but have trouble in expressing it in words.让我说服她让步极其困难；i had the greatest difficulty in persuading her to give in.我们毫不费劲就找到了那个房子；we had no difficulty in finding the house.学习必备欢迎下载42. get al