八年级英语暑假专题重点语法复习鲁教版知识精讲

1、八年级英语暑假专题重点语法复习鲁教版【本讲训练信息 】一. 教学内容：八年级下重点语法复习二. 学问总结与归纳1、me ， neither. 是口语化的简略回答；neither have i ，为“ neither + 系/助/情态动词 +主语”结构，neither 在此意为“也不”， 表示主语所做的动作与前面提到过的人或事相同，是为了防止语言重复，其中的系/助/情态动词在时态上与前一句保持一样，而在数上要与其后的主语一样；例如： he can t swim他.不会游泳； neither can i.我也不会；i don t want to go, neither will i.我不想去，也不

2、会去；he didn t go to school. neither did she. 他没去上学，她也没去；如在确定句中表示“也”，就要用“so +系/ 助/情态动词”； i am a student，so is my sister.我是同学，我妹妹也是同学；he can swim ， so can i.他会游泳，我也会；i feel happy ， so does he.我兴奋，他也兴奋；2. 现在完成时a. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开头，连续到现在的动作或状态；如：the car has arrived.车子来了；（结果：车子已在门口）someon

3、e has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了； （结果：窗户仍是破的）现在完成时句子中通常有recently ，lately ， since， for ，in the past few months/years 等词作时间状语；确定形式： have/has + done否定形式 ： have/has + not +done一般疑问句 ： have 或 has 放于句首；b. 现在完成时的用法1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在仍有影响；所以后面经常不用时间状语；现在完成时所表示的动作离说话人的说话时刻可近可远；如：he has gone to london.

4、 说话人认为他不在该地 he has been to london. （说话人认为他在该地）2）现在完成时所表示的动作开头于过去，连续到现在，或许仍会连续下去；常用for ，since 等表示一段时间的状语或so far，now ，today，this week month ，year等表示包括现在时间在内的状语；例如：he has studied english for 5 years. he has studied english since 2001. now i have finished the work.留意：表示短临时间动作的词，如:come， go， die， marry ，

5、buy 等的完成时不能与for ， since等表示一段时间的词连用；3）现在完成时仍可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作；例如：i ll go to your home when i have finished my homework.if it has stopped snowing in the morning ， we will go to the park.3. it was because i could speak english that i got the job.正是由于我会讲英语我才得到了这份工作；这是一个强调结构，强调缘由状语从句；强调结构的句式是“it+

6、be+被强调成分 +that”；被强调的是简洁句的主语、宾语、宾补或状语，不能强调谓语、定语或表语；强调对象是人作主语时可用who ，作宾语时用whom ，其余一律用that；it was my father who that did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.正是我父亲昨天晚上在试验室做试验；it was at the gate of the school i met tom.正是在校门口我见到了汤姆；it was last week that i attended an art exhibition for the first

7、time.上周是我第一次参观一个艺术展览；it was not until he broke my favorite vase that i flew into rages.我是在他打碎了我最宠爱的花瓶后才愤怒的；it was because he was ill that he didn t come to the school yesterday.正是由于他病了（所以）昨天才没来上学；4. on the one hand， more than three quarters of the population are chinese.一方面，四分之三以上的人口是中国人；（ 1）on the

8、one hand 一方面（ 2）quarter n. 四分之一；一刻钟three quarters 四分之三摸索：分数的表达方式5. it s adj.（形）（ for/of sb.） to doe.g. its difficult （ for me ） to swim very well.6. you re paula, aren你是t y波ou拉.，对吗？这是一个反意疑问句，表示说话人提出某种情形或看法，询问对方是否同意；反意疑问句主要有以下几种类型：1主句为确定陈述句时，附加疑问句为：系动词/情态动词 /助动词的否定（缩写）形式+主语；the girl went to school la

9、te yesterday, didn t she.昨天那个女孩上学迟到了，是吗？2主句为否定陈述句 （包括确定形式中有never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nobody等否定意义的词）时，附加疑问句为：系动词/情态动词 /助动词的确定形式+主语；you have never been to beijing, have you.你没有去过北京，是吗？3主句为祈使句时，附加疑问句为：will 或 shall+主语； open the window, will you.打开窗户，好吗？let s go to school, shall we我.们上学去吧，好吗？7.

10、 否定前移现象，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等词时，如要否定，需将not提到主句；例如： “我想他不会给你打电话的”应译为i dont think he will give you a call.特殊提示如把此类句式变成反意疑问句，其助动词及主语要依据从句来确定，而确定/否定就要依据主句来确定；we think you can help him, can t you.我们认为你能帮忙他，不是吗？i don t think he is a good student, .我认为他不是个好同学，对吗？8.一般现在时的被动语态为：主语am / is / are

11、 （ not）过去分词一般过去时的被动语态为：主语was / were 过去分词现在进行时的被动语态：主语is / am / are + being 过去分词现在完成时的被动语态：主语have / has been 过去分词一般将来时主语 will be 过去分词过去将来时主语 would / should + be过去分词过去进行时主语 was / were + being过去分词过去完成时主语 had + been +过去分词主语情态动词be过去分词被动语态的时态是由be 的时态打算的， be 是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be 动词后面的过去分词不变；9. get their ears

12、pierced 属于“ get/have+名词 /代词 +动词的过去分词”结构，表示“使被做”，“请人做” ；go and get your hair cut.你去理理发吧；i want to have my hair cut.我要理发；10. only处于句首 ,并后跟状语时 ,全句需要倒装.例: only then did he understand it.只有到那时 ,他才明白；11. 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词；引导定语从句的词称为关系词，有关系代词和关系副词两类；关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, whic

13、h等；谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一样.e.g. i prefer shoes that are cool.关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语；beijing is the place where in which i was born.北京是我的诞生地；【典型例题】1. should not be allowed to go out at night.a. twelve-years-oldb. twelve-year-oldsc. twelve year oldd. twelve years olds2. i yesterday. it was broken

14、.a. had my bike repairb. had my bike repairsc. had my bike repairedd. has my bike repaired3. there is with this computer.a. wrong anythingb. wrong nothingc. anything wrongd. nothing wrong4. i yesterday. it was broken.a. had my bike repairb. had my bike repairsc. had my bike repairedd. has my bike re

15、paired5. can you find the jeans i often wear at home.a. whob. thatc. thesed. those6. i thought very important to take exercise every day.a. itsb. itc. thatd. this7. middle school students allowed to use mobile phone at school .a. dob. didc. ared. can8. i find it is hard to improve my english. joinin

16、g an english club.a. what aboutb. why notc. try tod. you should9. he has finished his work, .a. have i sob. so i havec. so have id. i have so10. have you been to our town before. no, it's the first time i here.a. even, have comeb. ever, comec. ever, have come11. my sister has never been to a wat

17、er park. n have i.12. how many teachers are there in your school. about 200. one three of them be men teachers.*13.我认为不应当答应16 岁的青少年开车；【模拟试题】（答题时间： 35 分钟）一、单项挑选1. are the two answers right. no, right.a. no one isb. both arec. none isd. neither is*2. ann has gone to shanghai. so her parents.a. hasb. h

18、adc. have*3. tom the cd player for two weeks.a. has borrowed b. has boughtc. has had4. his brother has been to stoneforest twice he came to yunnan.a. afterb. beforec. since*5. collecting stamps interesting.a. amb. isc. ared. do6. i don t know .a. what to do itb. how to doc. what to dod. to do what7.

19、 at last, lucy made the baby and the baby began to laugh.a. stop cryingb. to stop cryingc. stop to sayd. to stop to cry8. he is afraid of strangers.a. seeb. seeingc. sawd. seen*9. i always go to sleep the light on.a. inb. withc. tod. and10. the olympic games every four years.a. are heldb. were heldc

20、. are holdingd. will hold11. bill has a child. she is a lovely little girl.a. five-years-old b. five-year-oldsc. five-year-old d. five-years-olds*12. would you like dinner with us. sure.a. havingb. eatc. eatingd. to have13. do you know the young lady is in a red coat.a. thatb. whoc. to whomd. which*

21、14. so far, the moon by man already.a. will be visited b. has been visitedc. was visited d. is visited二、句型转换*15. he s already finished his homework. 改为一般疑问句 he finished his homework .16. he borrowed the book two weeks ago. 改为同义句 he has the book two weeks.17. let s go to school. （改为反意疑问句）lets go to s

22、chool, .18. we have fine weather today.（改为感叹句） weather we have today.19. li lei gave tom a new pen last week .（变为同义句）a new pen tom last week .*20. a lot of people in china can speak english now .（变为同义句）english by a lot of people in china now.21. i have learned english for about two years.（变为同义句）english for about two years.22. i can finish doing my homework in one and a half hours.（变为同义句）my homework can doing in one and a half hours.*23. bob has given a new pen to emily.（变为同义句）a new pen to emily by bob.24. people use wood for making paper.