初中现在完成时讲解和练习_

1、i. 定义：现在完成时用相应的连续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为 “for或“since时间点 ”；如：he has been in the green china for three years.时间段 ”1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；2.也可以表示过去已经开头，一 直连续到现在的动作或状态ii. 现在完成时的结构have/has+ done 过去分词 留意：表示短临时间动作的词，如 :come， go， die， marry ， buy 等的完成时不能与 for ， since 等表示一段时间的词连用；用来连续的动作或状态或表过去重复的

2、动作，如 live ， study， be， wait 等，常和 since（自从）或 for （经受）引导的词语连用；如： i have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在此住了30 多年；iii. 现在完成时的时间状语1. ever, never, twice（ once） , so far（到目前为止）, already （确定句）, yet （否定，疑问句）, just 刚刚 , before （以前）, recently （近来）等词连用2. since+ 时间点， for+ 时间段， in the past/last few yea

3、rs表示短临时间动作的词，如 :come，go， die， marry， buy 等的完成时不能与 for ， since 等表示一段时间的词连用；用来连续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如 live ， study，be， wait 等，常和 since（自从）或 for （经受）引导的词语连用；说明： already 与 yet 都有 “已经 ”的意思，但already 常用于确定句，并用于句中；yet 常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末；例如：i have already finished my homework.i haven t finished my homework yet. ha

4、ve you finished your homework yet. they have left. 他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里i have had my lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿 i can t find my watch now. i think i have already lost it.留意：1现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago等;2 不能与 when 连用iv. 现在完成时的用法a 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或

5、结果）；例如：the car has arrived.车子来了；（结果：车子已在门口）someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了；（结果：窗户仍破着）b. 表示过去已经开头，连续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻连续到现在（包 括“现在 ”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如 for+ 时间段、 since+ 过去的时间点、疑问词how long 等；例如：my uncle has worked at this factory for five years.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了； mr. black has lived in china sin

6、ce 2002.自从 2002 年 mr. black始终住在中国； how long have you been here. 你来这里多久了？he has been a member of the green china for three years.他加入 “绿色中国 ”已经三年了；the old man died 4 years ago.- the old man has been dead for 4 years.he joined the party 2 years ago.- he has been in the party for 2 years. i bought the b

7、ook 5 days ago.-i have had the book for 5 days.表示时间段的短语有:for+ 一段时间 for 2 years, since+ 从句 since he came here, since+ 时间点名词 since last year, since 5 days ago,how long; for a long time等；v. 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区分1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；i saw this film yesterday. （强调

8、动作发生的时间是yesterday ；）i have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了；）2 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago, last week/.in 2021, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday,yesterday .then那时 , that day, one day, once从前 现在完成经常和recently （近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止） , since，for ，in the past/last few years

9、 , already（确定句）, yet （否定，疑问句）, just 刚 刚 , before（以前）连 用；现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用；现在完成时可表示连续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是连续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.vi. 比较have/has been to 、have/has gone to和 have been inhavehas been to.表示 “曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了 ”，可以和 ever、 never、twice 等连用； havehas gone to 表示 “已经去了某地， 在去那里的途中或到达

10、那里仍没有回来 ”；havehas been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间 ”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如： since, for, how long 等he went to shanghai last week上周他去了上海he has been to shanghai. 他曾经 到 /去过上海 .但他人现在确定不是在上海而是回来了he has gone to shanghai. 他已经去上海了.或许刚动身动身,或许已经到了,或许仍在路上,反正他人不 在这里 mr. brown has been in shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了 六过去分词

11、1 、规章动词： 规章动词的过去分词的构成规章与规章动词的过去式的构成规章相同；四点变化规章：1 、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ；” work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited2 、以 “ e 结”尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ； ”live-lived-lived ,3 、以 “辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为 "i"，再加 “ ed；” study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried4 、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ； ”stop

12、-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、不规章动词：aaa型burst burst bursthurt hurt hurtlet let letcast cast cast 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowi have kept 不能用 have borrowed the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 becomehow long has your sister been a teacher. 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldtom has had a col

13、d since the day before yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put oncost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hitput put putb用 “be形容词 ”代终止性动词shut shut shutspread spread spreadsetset setread read readread 原形发音为 /ri:d/, 过去式和过去分词发音为/red/aab型 beat beat beatenaba 型become became becomerun ran runcome came come特别情形1、be married 代 m

14、arry 2 、be ill 代 fall get ill3、be dead 代 die 4 、beasleep 代 fall get asleep5、be awake 代 wake/wake up 6 、begone 代 lose,die,sell,leave7、be open 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut9、be missinggone,lost 代 loseabb 型c用“be副词 ”代终止性动词bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtbuild built built1“beon”代 start, begin2“be

15、up”代 get upburn burnt burntcatch caught caughtdig dug dug3“bebackto代” return to, come back to, go back tofeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found found4“be here there代 c”omearrive, reach, get here 或 go arrive, reach, get there 等等hear heard heardhold held heldkeep kept keptd用 “be介词短语 ”代终止性动词lay la

16、id laidlead led ledlose lost lost make made mademeet met metsell sold sold shoot shot shotsit sat satstand stood stood sweep swept sweptteach taught taughttell told told think thought thoughtwin won wonabc 型begin began begunblow blew blownbreak broke broken choose chose chosendraw drew drawndrive dr

17、ove driven drink drank drunkfly flew flownforgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozengive gave givengrow grew grownknow knew knownride rode riddenrise rose risenring rang rungshake shook shaken sing sang sungsink sank sunkswim swam swum throw threw thrownwrite wrote written七瞬

18、时动词（ buy, die, join, come ， go ,leave, join）不能直接与for since连用；要转变动词buy-haveborrow -keepgo out-be outbegin-be on come/arrive/reach/get to-be inleave -be awayfinish-be overopen-be openclose -be closeddie-be dead 1.have 代替 buymy brother has had 不能用 has bought this bike for almost four years.1. “be in/at

19、 地+ 点 ”代替 go to /come to2. 用 be in the army 代 替 join the army3. “be in/at 地+ 点 ”代替 move to常用瞬时动词变连续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.have been in sw./at相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned habveeen back3. have come/gone outhave been out4. have become have been5.

20、 have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been；up 7. have died have been de；ad8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been as；leep10. have finished/ended/completed have been；over11. have married have been marri；ed12. have started/begun to d

21、o sth. have don；e sth.13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/boughthave kept/dha15. have lost haven t had16. have put onhave worn17. have caught /get a cold have had a；c1o8ld. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the party/th

22、e army have been a member of/have been in/ have been the party s member/一、用过去时或现在完成时填空：现在完成时练习（一） .joined. has joined . was in . has been in 11. do you know him well . sure .we friends since ten years ago . were. have been . have become . have made1. “ you have lunch .”“ yes. ”“ when you have it.”“

23、i have it at 12:00.”2. “ you write a letter to your aunt yet.”“ yes, i . i write one last week.”3. “ he finish his homework.”“ not yet.”4. “ they ever be abroad.”“ yes, just once.”5. your father just finish his work.6. your father finish his work just now.7. last term i learn many english words.8. t

24、hey not read the interesting books yet.9. he never go to the science museum.10. you ever drink coke.11. have you buy a dictionary.“ yes, i .”“ where you buy it.”“ i buy it in a bookstore.” “ when you buy it.”“ yesterday.”二、单项挑选； 1. the famous writer one new book in the past two year . is writing .wa

25、s writing .wrote .has written 12.he has been to shanghai,has he . . already .never .ever . still 13.hurryup. the play for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 14.it ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 15.miss green isn't in the office. she to the lib

26、rary. .has gone . went .will go . has been 16.my parents shandong for ten years. . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 17.the students have cleaned the classroom, .a. so theyb. don t theyc. have theyd. haven t they 18.has mr. white been a member of greener china since heto china.a

27、. how soon, comesb. how often, gotc. how long, camed. how far, arrived 19.his unclefor more than 9 years.a. has come hereb. has started to workc. has lived thered. has left the university 2. have you met mr. li？. just . ago .before .a moment ago 3. how long have you here .about two months .20、 you y

28、ourhomeworkyet .yes . i a.did ; do ; finishedb.have ; done ; finished c.have ; done ; havefinishedd.will ; do ; finish21、 hisfather thepartysince1978 .itamomentago . . been . gone . come . arrived 4. our country a lot so far . yes. i hope it will be even . has changed; well changed ; good has change

29、d better . changed; better 5. you your homework yet . yes. i it a moment ago.did; do; finished .have; done; finished.have; done; have finished . will; do; finish 6. we xiao li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known. knew 7. harry potter is a very nice film. i twice. . will see

30、 . have seen . saw.see 8. thesefarmershavebeentotheunitedstates . really. when there . . will they go.did they go . do they go. have they gone 9. zhou lang already in this school for two years .was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied. are; studying 10.his father the party since 1998 .a.joinedb

31、.has joinedc.was ind.hasbeenin22、 do you know him well .sure .we friends since ten years ago .a.wereb. have beenc. have becomed. have made 23when he arrived at the bus stop, the bus for 20 minutes.a. has leftb. had leftc. has been awayd. had been away24. i the league for 5 years so far.a. joinedb. h

32、ave joinedc. have been in24.the factory since the february of 1988. a . has been open b. has openedc. was opend. opened 25.mary and rose friends since they met in 2000. a. have made b. have beenc. made26.the meeting for a week now.a. has finishedb. has endedc. has been over 27.miss gao this school f

33、or nearly 5 years.a. has been inb. has come toc. has taught30. how long he .a. diedb. has, diedc. has, been dead31. he at eight yesterday afternoon. a. sleptb. was sleepingc. has sleepd. had slept 32.he the car for a week.a. boughtb. has boughtc. has had33.-how long you ill . -two weeks.a. did fallb

34、. have, fellc. have, been 35.i'll lend you the book , but you can only it for 2 days. a. borrowb. keepc. take40.- how long can i the book.- two weeks.a. borrowb. lendc. getd. keep四、用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空；1) where is jack. he his country.2) david the park just now.3) joh

35、n england since he came back.4) how long you this village.5) the smiths beijing for years.6) you ever _ america. - yes, i there many times.7) i this school since three years ago.8) where is jim. he the farm. . was ; studying. will ; study . has ; studied. are ; studying7、we xiao li since she was a l

36、ittle girl . know. had known. have known. knew8、harry potter is a very nice film .i it twice . will see . have seen. saw.see9、 these farmershave been to the unitedstates. really. when there. will they go. did they go. do they go. have they gone10、 you your homework yet . yes . i it a moment ago .9)

37、when he 10) would you like to . he an hour ago._ the zoo with me. -yes, but i there before. did ; do ; finished. have ; done ; finished. have ; done ; have finished. will ; do ; finish五、连续性动词和瞬时性动词之间的转化1. he died 10 years ago. he for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. he borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.

38、 he the book for 2 weeks.3. he bought the motorbike a month ago. he the motorbike for a month.4. he arrived here three days ago. he here since three days ago.5. they turned off the light 2 hours ago. the light for 2 hours.11 、 his father the party since 1978 . joined. has joined. was in. has been in12、 do you