初中英语代词讲解及习题

1、第三章 代词：代词的分类： 英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等；第一节人称代词、物主代词、反身代词1、人称代词： 人称代词代替人和事物的名称, 分为主格和宾格两种形式；第一 人第 二 人第三人称单数第第一二人人第三人称称称 单阳阴中单数性性性数称称复数复复数数主i格 我youhe 你 他she 她it 它weyou 我 你们们they 他们 ,她 们 ,它们宾me格 我you 你him 他her 她it 她usyou 我 你们们them 他们 ,她 们 ,它们（1）、主格用来作句子的 主语、表语 ；如： i oftengo sho

2、ppingon sundays. 星期天我常去购物 / are they from brazil. 他们是巴西人吗？ / where have they gone. 他们上哪儿去了？ / thats it. 就那么回事 / it s he. 是他！ （2）、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语；如： whoteaches you englishthis year. 今年谁教你们的英语？ / help me. 救救我！ / we often write letters toher. 我们常给他写信 （3）、人称代词 作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than 或 as 之后时 , 可以用主格形式 , 也

3、可以用宾格形式, 口语中大多用宾格；如：-who is it. 是谁？ it s i/me. 是我； （4）、三个不同人称同时显现, 或者主语中包含“我”时, 根据“ youhe i ”的次序表达；如：both he and i are working at that computer company. 我和他都在那家电脑公司上班 who will go there. 谁要去那儿？ you and me. 你和我 （5 、人称代词 it除了可以指人指物之外 , 仍可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情形”等含义 , 此外仍可以作“非人称代词”使用, 替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从

4、句；如：-what s the weather like today. 今日天气怎样？ it s fine. 天气晴好 / -what s the time. 几点啦？ it s 12 ：00. 12点 / its a long way to go. 那可要走好长的路 / it took him three days to clean his house. 打扫屋子花了他三天的时间 / it is very clear that thepublic want to know when these men can go into space. 很明显 , 公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空 /

5、we found it very difficult to learn a foreignlanguage well. 我们发觉要学好一门外语是特别困难的2、物主代词： 说明事物所属关系的代词, 分为形容词性和名词性两种；第第一 人二 人称称单第三人称单数第一人称复其次第 三 人 称人称复 数单阳阴中数性性性数数复数形my 我 你 他 她 它 我 你词的的的的的们们性的的容yourhisheritsouryourtheir 他们的, 她们的 , 它们的名min词e性 我的yours 你的his 他的her s 她的its 她的ours 我们的your s 你们的theirs他们的, 她们的 ,

6、 它们的（1 、形容词性物主代词 只能作句子中名词的修饰语, 后面要跟名词；如：is that your umbrella. 那是你的伞吗？ / i often go to see my aunt on sundays. 我常常在星期天去探望阿姨 / they are their books. 是他们的书 (2) 、名词性物主代词 相当于名词 , 既代替事物又说明所属关系, 在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语, 后面千万不行以 跟名词；如：thisisyour cup,butwhere ismine. 这是你的杯子 , 可我的在哪儿？ /your classroom is very big

7、, but ours is rather small. 你们的教室很大 , 我们的相当小 (3) 、“of+ 名词性物主代词”称为双重全部格, 作定语时放在名词的后面；如：a friend of minecame to see me yesterday. 我的一个伴侣昨天来看我了 指如干伴侣中有一个来看我； 试比较my friend came to see me yesterday. 我的伴侣昨天来看我了 指我的那个特定的伴侣来看我；3、反身代词： 表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关；第第一人二 人第三人称单数第 一 人第 二 人第三人称称称 单阳阴单数数性性中称复数性称复

8、数复数mys elf 我自己yoursel f 你自己hims elf 他自己hers elf 她自己itse lf 它自己oursel ves我 们自己yourse lves你 们自己themse lves 他们 /她 们 / 它 们 自己(1) 、反身代词 在句子中作宾语表示反射 指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身 ；如：don t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself. 不要玩刀子, 那会割伤你的 (2) 、在句子中作同位语表示强调 即用来强调名词或代词的语气 ；如： the story itself is good. only he di

9、dnt tell it well. 故事本身是好的 , 只是他没有讲好 4. 指示代词： 指示说明近处或者远处、 上文或者下文、 以前或者现在的人或事物；单数复数含义this这these 个些这指较近的人和物that 那those 个些那指较远的人和物such 这样的人 / 物指上文提过的人和物same 同样的人 / 物指和上文提过的相同的人和物it 这人/ 这物指不太清晰是谁或者是什么时指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语, 也可以作定语修饰名词；如：what s this. 这是什么？ / that model plane is made of plastic. 那只模型飞机是塑

10、料做的 被动句 / remember never to do such things. 记得永久不要做这样的事情 / do the same as the teacher tells you. 按老师说的做 / -who is it. 是谁？ -it s me. 是我！ 一、用适当的人称代词填空：1. ismyaunt.weoftenvisit . she 2. chinaisadevelopingcountry. asia. its isintheeastof3. whatdayis itstoday. isthursday.5. iownabluebike.theredoneisn t .

11、 i 6. thesenewhousesaresonice. them areveryexpensive.7. thefishermencaughtalotoffish,didnt . them 8. linglingisagirl. studiesinaprimaryschool. brotherliveswith she andhelps with lessons.9. mikeismyclassmate. isgoodatengliush. his 10. katewantsaglassofmilk.willyoupassitto . she 11. what stheweatherli

12、ketoday. iscloudy. its 二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空1. iateall sandwichesyesterday. i canihaveoneof . you 2. georgehaslost hispen.askmaryif（ 是 否 ）shewilllendhim . she 3.jackhasadogandsohavei. hedogand ihad afight打架.4. theteacherwantsyoutoreturnthatbookof he 5. mr.andmrs.greenandafriendof eus. they arecoming

13、tose6. wearegoingtoparistostaywithafrenchfriendof . we 7. thisisn t knife. 8. theseareyourbookskate.put please.they isgreen. she inthedesk，9. mustlookafter things. you 10. weifang，isthat 11. theywantafootball.give theyruler.yes，its. you thegreenone ， please.12. it slintao sbag.giveitto . he 13. isth

14、ispencil-boxlilei s.no， isverynew. he 14. thisboxistooheavy.icantcarry . it dontworry ， let i help . you15. isaboy erymuch. he nameismike.mikesfriendslike v16. mysisterisin room. isateacher. she 17. janeisalittlegirl. motherisanurse. she 18. wearein classroom. classroomisbig. we19. myfatherandmother

15、areteachers. arebusy them20. youareapupil.is 三.从括号内挑选正确的代词填空brotherapupil,too. you 1. yourfootballclothesareonthedesk.pleaseput they ， them， their，theirsaway.2. we，us，our，ours englishteacherismrs.green.wealllike she， her ，hers.3. i ， me，my，mine can tgetmykite.couldyouhelp i ，me，my， mine.4. tomcan tg

16、etdownfromthetree.canyouhelp he， him，his.5. wecantfindourbikes.canyouhelp we， us，our ， ours.6. theseare he，him，hisplanes.thewhiteonesare i ， me，mine.四、用括号中的适当形式填空1 arethese （you） pencils.yes,theyare （our ） .2 whoseisthispencil. it s （ i ） .3 ilove （they ）verymuch.4 sheis （i ）classmate.5 misslioftenl

17、ooksafter（ she） brother.6 arethese （they ）bags？no,theyaren t七、挑选填空 . （their） .theyare （we）.1. mr.more has more moneythan mr. little.but he doesntenjoy .a. heb. himc. hisd. himself2. lily was 9 years old. was old enough to go to school .a. she , sheb. she , herself c. her, herselfd. her. she3. jim s

18、watch is much newer than .a. hersb.shec. herd. herself4. would you like for super.a: something chineseb：chinese something c: anything chinesed: chinese anything5. piano is too old ,but she still liked playing it.a. sheb. she sc. hersd. her6. who taught you english last year. nobody taught me . i tau

19、ght .a. meb. myselfc. mined. i7. that bike is .aheb. himc. hisd. it8. we bought a present, but didn”t like it.a. they, themb. them , theyc. themselves , theird. theirs,they9. who ssingingoverthere. issandy ssister.a. thatb.itc.shed.this10. willspendthesummerholidayinhawaii.a. she,youandib.you,sheand

20、ic. i,youandshed. her,meandyou11. betweenyouand ,heisnotarealfriend.a. meb.ic.hed.his12. myuncleboughtanewbikefor .a.theirsb.theyc.med.i13. here s apostcardforyou,jim.oh, isfrommyfriend,mary.a. heb.itc.shed.its14. littlebabyknowsthatheshouldnottakethethingsthatdonotbelongto .a. heb.hisc.herd.him15.

21、willanyonegoonatripwithhim.not _.a. ib.mec.mined.he16. amongthoselovelytoys,thebrowntoydogwasgivenby .a. heb.hisc.him答案：一、 1、she her 2 、it 3、it it 5、mine 6 、they 7 、they 8 、she her her her her 9、he 10 、her 11 、it二、1、my yours 2 、his hers 3、his mine 4、his 5 、them 6、ours 7 、her her8、them 9 、you your 10

22、、your 11 、them 12 、him 13 、his 14 、it me you 15、he his him 16、her she 17、her 18 、our our 19、they 20 、your三、1、them 2 、our her 3、i me 4 、him 5 、us 6 、his mine四、1、your ours 2、mine 3 、them 4 、my 5、her 6 、their their ours七、1、d 2、b 3 、a 4 、d 5、d 6、b 7 、c 8、b 9 、c 10、b 11 、a 12 、c 13、b14、b 15 、b 16 、c反身代词

23、:1. those girls enjoyed in the party last night.a. themb. theyc. themselvesd. herself2. help to some fish, children.a. yourselfb. yourc. yoursd. yourselves3. the film is very fun.a. it sb. itselfc. itd. its4. who teaches math. i teach .a. your, my selfb. you, myselfc. you, med. you, herself5. the fa

24、ther will make a bike .a. her, himselfb. she, himselfc. her, herselfd. she, herself 6.6. the scarf is , she made it .a. herself, herb. herself, hersc. hers, herselfd. her, herself7. . liu hulan s death was great. she thought more of others than .a. herb. shec. hersd. herself8. luckily, he didn t hur

25、t terribly yesterday.a. himb. themselvesc. himselfd. they9. i can t mend my shoe . can you mend it for .a. myself, meb. myself, ic. me, id. i, me10. i like watching in the mirror.a. meb. ic. myd. myselfkey: 1. c2. d3. b4. b5. a6. c7. d8. c9. a10. d指示代词： 1 who's that at the door. is the postman.a

26、. she b. this c. it d. he 2 -who's that in the picture.a. it's me b. that's i c. this is a boy d. it's i 3 -look, who is coming.- must be our english teacher.a. she b. he c. it d. this 4 someone is knocking at the door, but who can be.a. one b. he c. she d. it 4 1 was late summer and

27、 the weather was very hot.a. that b. it c. this d. it's 2 what time is now.a it b. all c. this d: that 3 a heavy rain last night.a. there had b. we had c. it was d. there is 4 is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park. we have to go there by car.a. there b. it c. this d. the place3. 1-4 d

28、a d d4. 1-4 b a b b6、关系代词： 用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词 , 参见后面的定语从句；1、关系代词 who 、which 、 that、whom等, 将定语从句和主句连接起来；英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任肯定的成分, 另一方面又起连接作用；如： the student who is drawing a picture is in grade one. 正在画画的同学是一年级的 2、关系代词 who / whom 指人, 假如作从句的宾语 , 就有时省略；如：do you know the man who is wearing a red hat. 你熟悉那个戴着

29、红帽子的男人吗？ 3、关系代词 which 指物, 假如作从句的宾语 , 就有时省略；如： have you found the book which you lost several days ago. 你找到几天前丢失的那本书了吗？ 4、关系代词that既可指人也可指物 , 假如作从句的宾语 , 就有时省略；如： can you see the man/dogthat is running along the river bank. 你看得见顺着河跑的男人 / 狗了吗？ 7、连接代词：用来引导 宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称 连接代词 ；英 语 中 连 接 代 词 主 要 有 ：

30、what 什 么 ,who谁 ,whom 谁 ,which哪个,whose 谁的 ；详见相应从句；10、疑问代词： 用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词；1、who、whom、whose、what、which 、whoever、whatever 、whichever 主要用于特别疑问句中 , 一般放在句首；口语中也常用 who代替 whom作宾语 , 但在介词后就只能用 whom；如：whom did you invite to your birthday party. 你都邀请了谁参与你的生日聚会的？ / what does she want to be when she grows up. 她长

31、大了想干什么？ 2、who 和 whom只能独立使用 , 其中 who 可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语, whom只能作谓语动词的宾语；而what、which 、whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语 , 也可以与名词构成疑问短语； 如： whoisthatman. 那男的是谁？ / what colour are their hats. 他们的帽子是什么颜色？/ which car was made in germany. 哪辆车是德国造的？ 被动句 留意这个提问 ：the man in the car is my father. 车里的男人是我父亲 which man is yo

32、ur father. 哪个男人是你的父亲？ 3、which除了可以询问指代的情形之外, 仍可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁 数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问；如：people therelivea very sad life. 那里的人生活凄惨 which people live a sad life. 哪些人生活凄惨？ /-which hotel have you booked for your holiday. 为了度假你预订了哪家旅社？ the biggest one in haikou. 海口最大的那家旅社 4、疑问代词不分单复数 , 视它所替代的人或事物打算单复数, 但是通常用单数；

33、如果 修 饰 名 词 , 就 以 名 词 的 单 复 数 为 准 ； 如 ： who isareinthat playhouse. 谁在嬉戏房里？ /what is that. 那是什么？ / whatarethose. 那些是什么？ /what coloursdo theyhave. 它们有哪些颜色？ 8 1 is the best season of the year.a. when b. what c. which d. what time 2 o- is your sister.-she is a nurse.a. what b. which c. how d. who 3 - col

34、our are your new shoes.-they are brown.a. any b. whose c. which d. what 4 - is your classmate john like.-he's very tall.a. how b. what c. who d. which9 1 has happened and did it.a. who; who b. what; who c. what; what d. who; what 2 who waiting outside. please ask them to come in.a. is b. has c.

35、have d. are 10 1 - is that man over there.-he's mr green.a. what b. which c. how d. who 2 - is the boy standing there.-he is my brother.a. which b. what c. how d. who 3 who the little american boy over there.a. were b. are c. is d.1 am4 who these tall men.a. is b. am c. are d. was 11 1 one do yo

36、u like, the blue one or the red one.a. what b. which c. that d. this 2 - is bigger.-the yellow one.a. who b. whom c. which d. it 3 of you would like to go with us.a. who b. which c. all d. both12 1 - bag is this.-it's jack's.a. what b. which c. whose d.who's 2 - pencils are these.-they a

37、re theirs.a. which b. whose c. / d. these 3 house is being repaired.a. hat b. where c. who d. whose 13 1 please find out he is looking after at home.a. who b. which c. whom d. when 2 do you think you should help.a. whose b. which c. what d. whom 3 he told me he was sent for. 30 1 the man missed the

38、bus. is why he was late for the meeting.a. it b. that c. this d. all 2 he has to stay at home. he has a bad cold.a. this is because b. that's why c. so is it d. the reason is 3 -how many books are there on the table. only four.a. this is all rightb. that's all right c. that's right d. it

39、 is all righta. whom b. that c. both d. where8. 1-4 d a d b 9. 1-2 b d10. 1-4 d d d d11. 1-3 b d b12. 1-3 b d d13. 1-3 d d a30. 1-3 b a d8、不定代词： 代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词；单数含义不行数sono me/little,muceachever yeitheonr,eneith erthesother,oanothe r复合不定代词含义anno yne复数含义hman ya littleallfew, a few/onesboth/othe

40、rs,the others注： 复合不定代词有 12个： something 某事 , someone 某人 , somebody 某人 , anything 任何事 ,anyone 任何人 ,anybody 任何人 ,nothing 没事 ,nobody 没有人 , no one 没有人 , everything 一切 , everyone 每个人 , everybody 每个人 .(1) some 和 any的用法：some 一般用于确定句中 , 意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不行数名词；如：i have some work to do today. 今日我有些

41、事情要做 / they will go there some day. 他们有朝一日会去那儿 some 用于疑问句时 , 表示建议、恳求或期望得到确定回答；如：would you like some coffee with sugar. 你要加糖的咖啡吗？ any一般用于疑问句或否定句中, 意思是“任何一些” 、“任何一个” , 作定语时可修饰可数或不行数名词；如：they didn t have any friends here. 他们在这里没有伴侣 / have you got any questions to ask. 你有问题要问吗？ any 用于确定句时 , 意思是“任何的”；com

42、ehere with any friend. 任凭带什么伴侣来吧； (2) no和 none 的用法：no 是形容词 , 只能作定语表示 , 意思是“没有” , 修饰可数名词 单数或复数 或不可数名词；如： there is no time left. please hurry up. 没有时间了 ,请快点 / they had no reading books to lend. 他们没有阅读用书可以出借none 只能独立使用 , 在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语 , 意思是“没有一个人 或事物 ”, 表示复数或单数；如： none of them is/are in the classroom.

43、 他们当中没有一个在教室里 / i have many books, but none is interesting . 我有很多的书 , 但没有一本是好玩的 (3) all和 both 的用法：all指三者或三者以上的人或物, 用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不行数名词；both 指两个人或物 , 用来代替或修饰可数名词； all 和 both 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等；如： i know all of the four british students in their school. 他们学校里四个英国同学我全熟悉 / -would you like this one

44、or that one.both . 你要这个仍是那个？两个都要；all 和 both 既可以修饰名词 all/both+ the + 名词 , 也可以独立使用 , 采纳“ all/both + of the + 名词 复数 ”的形式 , 其中的 of 可以省略；如： all of the boys are naughty . 是男孩都顽皮 (4) every和 each 用法：every 是形容词 , 只能作定语修饰单数名词, 意思是“每一个” , 表示整体概念；each 是形容词、代词 , 可用作主语、宾语、定语等 , 意思是“每个”或者“各个” , 表示单个概念； each 可以放在名词

45、前 , 可以后跟 of 短语, 与动词同时显现时要放在“ be 动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前every和 each 都用作单数懂得 , 但是下文中既可以用单数的代词 如 he/him/his也可以用复数的代词 如 they/them/their替代；如： every one of the students in his class studies very hard. 他班上每个同学学习都很用功 / they are very busy. each of them has something to do. 他们很忙, 人人都有事干 (5) either和 neither的用法：

46、either意思是“两个中间的任何一个” ；neither是 either的否定形式 , 意思是“两个都不”；neither和 either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等, 都用作单数；如： i don t care much for what to drink. either of the two will do. 我不介意喝些什么 , 两个之中任凭哪个都行 / -will you go there by bus or bycar.neither. i will go there by train. 你坐公车去仍是坐轿车去？一个都不坐 , 我坐火车去； (6) other、the other

47、和 another的用法 ：other意思是“另一”、“另一些” , 有复数形式； 在句子中可作主语、 宾语和定语；another意思是“另外”、“又一个” , 表示增加 , 在句中可作宾语和定语；如：some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sittingon the grass talking. 有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌, 别的就躺在草地上说话/ you have had several cakes. do you really want another one. 你已经吃了好几块饼子了 , 你真的仍要一块

48、？ / i want another four books. 我仍要四本书 another 另外的 , 再一, 又一 与 the other 另外的一个 主要从数量上区分 , 只有两个时用the other, 在原先基础上增加用another ；如：this is one of your socks. where is the other one. 这是你的一只袜子 , 仍有一只呢？ / i have eaten 4 cakes, but i still want another. 我已经吃了 4 块蛋糕, 但是我仍要以块； others与 the others的主要区分： others指“剩

49、余的人 / 物” 指大部分 ；the others指“其余的人 / 物” , 指全部 ；如： a few students are playing soccer while others are watching them. 有几个同学在踢足球 , 其他一些人在观看 /twoofthe tenboys are standingand theothersare sitting round them . 十个男孩中有两个站着 , 其他人都围着他们坐着；(7) many 和 much 的 用 法 ： many意思是“很多” , 与可数名词复数连用； much意思是“很多” , 与不行数名词连用；它们在句中可作主语、 宾语和定语等； 如：i dont have manyfriendshere. 在这里我没有很多的伴侣； /many died in the bus accident. 很多人在公交车祸中丢失 / we can learn much with the help of him. 在他的帮忙之下我们能学到很多 many 和 much一般用于否定句 , 确定句中通常用a lot of或者 lots of; many/ m