初中英语的不定式和动名词

1、中学不定式和动名词一、 动词不定式：构成：to + 动词原形1. 以下动词只能接不定式作：want想要 ,agree 同意 , choose 挑选 , decide 打算 ,expect 期望 ,hope 期望 ,earn 学会 ,need 必要 ,offer供应 ,prefer 宁愿 ,+to dopromise 保证 , plan 方案refuse 拒绝 ,wish 期望 ,would like想要2. 以下动词只能接动名词（即动词+ing ） enjoy; mind; practice; finish； suggest ;deny;admit ; keep; spend;feel lik

2、e+ doing sth.enjoy doing sth.,喜爱做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事 , practice doing sth.练习做某事finish doing sth.做完某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 have fun doing sth.纵情做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事 deny doing sth.否认做某事admit doing sth. 承认做某事be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 look forward to doing sth.

3、希望做某事spend in doing sth. 花费时间做某事 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事be worth doing sth 值得做某事prefer doing sth. to doing sth与相比更喜爱做某事pay attention to doing sth.留意做某事3有些动词后面既可接不定式，也可接动名词，意思相同；如： begin/start to do sth.= begin/start doing sth开头做某事 , like/love to do sth= like / love doing

4、 sth.喜爱做某事 ; hate to do sth. =hate doing sth.憎恨做某事4. 有些动词后接不定式或名词时，意思不同；如：1） remember doing sth. 记得作过某事（某事已做过）remember to so sth.记住去做某事（某事仍没做） 2） forget doing sth.忘了作过某事（某事已做过）forget to do sth.忘了去做某事（某事仍没做）3） try to do sth.=do one s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事4） stop doing sth. 停止做某事（停

5、止正在做的事）stop to do sth.停下来做某事（停止的事去做另外的事） 5） go on doing sth.连续做某事（同一件事）go on to do sth. 接着去做某事（不同的事）5.以下动词跟动词不定式充当宾语补足语：vt.+sb. to do sth.vt.+ sb.+not to do sth.want/ask/ tell /order/ allow/ wish/beg/advise / call /invite +sb. to do sth. she told me to buy a ticket.她让我去买张票my mother often tells menot

6、 to go out at night.6. help 后的不定式可带to, 也可不带tothe teachers helped the studentsto learn english well . 那些老师帮忙同学学好英语；he often helps his mother to tidy up the room.他常常帮忙他妈妈整理房间；17. 动词不定式省to 的情形一感 feel二听hear, listen to+sb. do sth.三使 have, let, make四看 see, watch, look at, notice常考短语： hear/see/ make / let

7、sb. do sth.被动语态： sb. be heard/ seen/made/let to do sth.（变成被动语态时补回to ） i often see him help others.he is often seen to help other by me.二、动词不定式的句式：1.动词不定式作主语，主语较长时，常用it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句；it + is/was+adj.+for sb. + to do sth.to learn english well is useful. = it s useful to learn english well.学好英语是有用的；

8、to protect environment is important for us.= it s important for us to protect environment.对于我们来说爱护环境是很重要的；2. it is / was + adj.kind / good/ nice/ clever + of sb. +to do sth.it s very kind of youto help me. =you are very kind to help me你帮忙我真是太好啦；it s very clever of you to do like that .=you are cleve

9、r to do like that 你那样做真的太聪慧啦；这个句型的形容词为表示人的品行，气质之类的词；可以等于句型：sb. is / was + adj. +to do sth.3. it takes took , will take sb. some time to do something. 做某事花费某人时间 4. 主语 + find / think+ it + 形容词+ for sb. + to doi find it easy to read english every day.我发觉每天读英语和简单的；he felt it hard to sleep.他觉得很难入睡；i thin

10、k it very interestingto learn english.我认为学英语很好玩；we found it impossibleto cross the river.我们发觉过河是不行能的；5.不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等 her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作就是打扫大厅；my dream is to be a teacher. 我的理想是当一名老师；6.不定式作状语的用法he worked day and night to get the money. （表目的）他日夜工作来赚钱；he is too young to go to s

11、chool.（表结果）他太小以致不能上学；they were very sad to hear the news. （表缘由）听到这个消息他们特别难过；the question is simple for himto answer.（表程度）这个问题对他来说太简单回答了；7. 动词不定式可以和疑问词who, what, which, when, how, wherewhy除外 等连用，构成不定式短语； can you tell me how to get to the post office.i didn t know what to do next.how to learn english

12、well is the question that we all want to ask. the question is when to get there.what to do与 how to do 的区分 :i don t know what to do next. 我不知道下一步该做什么；what to do 后没有 sth.i don t know how to use this machine. 我不知道怎么样使用这部机器（how to do +sth. ）2三、动名词（动词 +ing ）作用相当于名词； （可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语）1. reading is an art.读

13、书是一种艺术； （作主语）2. your task is cleaning the windows.你的任务就是擦窗户； （作表语）3. he likes swimming. （作宾语）a. washing machine 洗衣机， a reading room阅览室（作定语）3非谓语动词（不定式和动名词）专练（）1. mother told her sonin the street.a. not playb. to not playc. doesnt playd. not to play 2. his wish wasa scientist.a. to becomesb. becomesc.

14、 becomed. to become 3. it s raining hard. you d better.a. go outb. not go outc. not to go outd. to not out 4. do you knowwashing machine.a. where to getb. to where to getc. where getd. to where get 5. the students dont knownext.a. how tob. what to doc. what dod. do what 6. would you mindme howenglis

15、h words.a. telling , to rememberb. telling, rememberc. tell, to rememberd. tell, remember 7. mr. brown asked us to stop, and we stoppedhim at once.a. talking, to listen tob. to talk, to listenc. talking, listeningd. talk, listen 8. -what are you going to be after you finish college.-i m going to be

16、a singer, but my parentsme to be a doctor.a. hopeb. wantc. maked. let 9.- i saw betty go to grandpa zhang s home just now.-yes , she is often seenthe old man with his housework.a. helpb. to helpc. helpsd. helped 10. -do you need to get there before ten.-no, i.a. don t have tob. don t needc. cantd. m

17、ustnt 12. after she finishedthe letter, she went to bed.a. to writeb. writingc. writtend. wrote 13. it was very late at night, he still went on.a. worksb. workedc. workingd. work 14.- have you finishthe book.-not yet. i ll tryit to you before friday.a. reading, returning,b. to read, to returnc. read

18、ing, to return,d. to read, returning 15. the old man is strong enough. he prefersto.a. walking, ridingb. walk, ridec. to walk, rided. walking, ride 16. i have quite a few people.a. take care ofb. to take care ofc. to take cared. take care 17. i usually forgetthe door, but i rememberedit when i left

19、yesterday.a.closing, closingb. to close, to closec. to close, closingd. closing, to close 18. i m madethirsty by the strange thing.a. feelb. feelingc. to feeld. felt4 20. i m sorryyour friend is ill.a. hearb. to hearc. listend. to listen 21. -will you please tell john to come to my office.-.a. yes,

20、i dob. i ll be gladc. thank youd. i ll be glad to 22. have you read the book. it s worth.a. readb. to readc. readingd. to reading 23. this box is too heavy for the child.a. to carry itb. to carryc. carryingd. carrying it 24. the young man is old enoughthe army.a. joinb. joiningc. to joind. joins 25.

21、 the flowers need.a. wateringb. to waterc. waterd. watered 27. -have you finished the work.-not yet, but no matter how hard it is, well keepuntil we make it.a. failedb. tryingc. triedd. falling 28. -do you want to eat something. -. thanks. i am feeling sick n. oi wdont feel like.a. yes, eating somet

22、hingb. no, to eat anythingc. yes, to eat anythingd. no, eating anything 29.- do you still rememberme sometime in shanghai.-yes, of course. two years ago.a. to seeb. seec. seeingd. saw 30. it took us a long timehawaii, but we thought the journey was enjoyable.a. to getb. gettingc. to reachd. reaching 31. i t s importantthe piano well.a. of him to playb. for him to playc. of him playingd. for him playing 32. good manners usually help people toeach other.a. get on well