(完整版)thinking_as_a_hobby修辞+短语

1、writing style how would you describe the authors style? is it formal or informal? is it serious or humorous? is it an anecdotal account of personal experience or close-reasoned essay? why does the author use the first person in his narration?humorous writing style the essay is written with a great s

2、ense of humor. laughter is his chief weapon. through those hilarious anecdotes, he laughs at the headmaster and mr. houghton, ridicules british and american politicians and teases his girlfriend ruth. he also laughs at himself as the disintegrated boy in school, and it should be noted self-mockery i

3、s a very important kind of humor and can have an unusually powerful effect.devices to create humor irony defamiliarization exaggeration/hyperbole pun contrastirony （反语)definition: irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous o

4、r emphatic effect. technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmens golf, as honest as most politicians intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written. (para. 23)defamiliarization(陌生化) definition: a technique by which the writer disrupts our habitual perception of the world and

5、 enables us to see things afresh.example one was a lady wearing nothing but a bath towel. she seemed frozen in an eternal panic lest the bath towel slip down any farther; and since she had no arms, she was in an unfortunate position to pull the towel up again. next to her, crouched the statuette of

6、a leopard, ready to spring down at the top drawer of filing cabinet labeled a-ah. my innocence interpreted this as the victims last, despairing cry. beyond the leopard was a naked, muscular gentleman, who sat, looking down, with his chin on his fist and his elbow on his knee. he seemed utterly miser

7、able.exaggeration “contemplate”, “hindquarters” “inspecting the universe”examples of exaggeration as we now say, i was not integrated. i was, if anything, disintegrated; you could hear the wind, trapped in the cavern of his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. his body would reel

8、 with shock and his ruined face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. he would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning.examples i was given the third degree to find out what had happened. it was lucky we were both of us only fourteen. i lost ruth and gaine

9、d an undeserved reputation as a potential libertine.the use of pun next to her, crouched the statuette of a leopard, ready to spring down at the top drawer of filing cabinet labeled a-ah. my innocence interpreted this as the victims last, despairing cry. examples the headmaster would look opaquely a

10、t me through flashing spectacles. what are we going to do with you? well, what were they going to do with me? i would writhe my shoe some more and stare down at the worn rug.the use of contrast mr. houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life, sexless and full of duty. yet in the

11、 middle of one of these monologues, if a girl passed the window, tapping along on her neat little feet, he would interrupt his discourse, his neck would turn of itself and he would watch her out of sight. in this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spr

12、ing in his nape. example of course, as i readily admitted, conversion of the world to my way of thinking might be difficult, since my system did away with a number of trifles, such as big business, centralized government, armies, marriage.other writing devices parallelism metonymy （转喻） synecdoche （提

13、喻） simile （明喻） metaphor （暗喻）examples of parallelism while i was still a boy, i came to the conclusion that there were three grades of thinking; and since i was later to claim thinking as my hobby, i came to an even stranger conclusion-namely, that i myself could not think at all. ( parallelism )exam

14、ples of parallelism technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmens golf, as honest as most politicians intentions, or-to come near my own preoccupation-as coherent as most books that get written. (parallelism and irony)examples of parallelism to hear people justify their habit of huntin

15、g foxes and tearing them to pieces by claiming that the foxes liked it. to hear our prime minister talk about the great benefit we conferred on india by jailing people like pandit nehru and gandhi. to hear american politicians talk about peace in one sentence and refuse to join the league of nations

16、 in the next. metonymy1.it will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt. (para. 23)definition: metonymy is the substitution of one thing for another.synecdoche （提喻) synecdoche can be included in metonymy, and it refers to the substitution of the p

17、art for the whole or of the whole for the part. if we were counting heads, the buddhists were the boys for my money. (para. 27) (head = person) there are two mouths to feed in my family. (mouth = person)simile definition: it makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality

18、or characteristic in common. to make the comparison, words like “as”, “as. as”, “as if” and “like” are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other they all came tumbling down like so many rotten apples off a tree. (para.31) man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way

19、 on the side of a hill. (para. 24)metaphor definition: it is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated he seems to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck. (para. 20) it took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. (para. 29) 得出结论 处于被惩罚的位置 相反的： 低头： 反光: 跳起来： 赋予我精神力量： 摇晃着身体回家： 习惯性地说慌(give)： 不看好他的表演(think)： come to the conclusion in a penal position