初中英语语法系列复习专题动词时态被动语态

1、学习必备欢迎下载一、一般现在时语法系列复习专题 -动词时态，被动语态1 .一般现在时表示常常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言， 目前的特点、状态、才能等；2. 主句是一般将来时 ,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来；如：i llgo thereafterifinishmywork./ifitrainstomorrow,iwont go there.3. 在以 here,there开头的句子里， go,come 等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作；例如：there goes the bell.铃响了； there comes the bus.汽车来了； here she co

2、mes. 她来了；二、现在进行时1. 表示正在进行的动作；2. 表示按方案支配即将发生的动作；例如：she isleavingforbeijing.她要去北京；he is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师；my father is coming to see me this saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我；3. 代替一般现在时，描画更加生动；例如：the changjiang river is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流；the sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起；4.

3、 大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时；常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belongto ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等；三、现在完成时1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作；例如： i have finished the report./ she has cleand the room.2. 表示从过去开头， 待续到现在的动作或状态， 往往

4、和“ for”, “since”表述的一段时间状语连用；例如：he has learnedenglishforsixyears./they have worked here since they left college.3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区分：1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大；例如：she has cleaned the room.its very cleannow. 此句 has cleaned就不能改为cleaned. 一是由于 cleaned与现状无关，二是由于一般

5、过去时不行 突然跳到 it s这样的一般现在时； 2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：ihave seenthatfilm.（我看过那部电影了； ）但是假如是在特定的过去时间“看了” 、“做过”，就不行用完成时而必需用一般过去进来表达；例如：whendid you see that film. i saw it yesterday.你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的； 不能说：学习必备欢迎下载when have you seen that film.i have seen it yesterday.4. 表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”

6、, 表示“到某地去了（仍未回来）”用“have/has gone to”. 例如： where is li hua. he has gone to the reading-room. she knows a lot about shanghai.she has been there.5. 短暂动词（即瞬时动词），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come,arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成时态中，其确定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用；例如不能说：he has

7、finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了；”可采 用 1）“ ago 法”： he finished the work three hours ago.2）“连续法”：hehas been throughwiththework forthreehours.3 ）“ since 法”：itis/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时1. 用来表示从过去某一时刻开头始终连续到现在（或今后仍要连续一去）的动作；例如： he has been doing the math

8、s problems since 8:00./ it has been raining for two days.2. 凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时；五、一般过去时表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内常常发生或反复发生的动作或行为；六、过去进行时1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）；例如：he was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2. 表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行；例如：they were stillworking when i left.3.

9、用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生；例如：i waswritingwhilehe waswatching tv.4. 表示过去将来动作；例如：he said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时1. 表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作；例如：hehad shut the door beforethe dog cameup./everythinghad been allrightup tillthismorning.2. 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开头始终连续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至仍要连续下去；例如：at the age of ten,hehad le

10、arned500 english words.he had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3. 常用 hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的期望、准备或意图；例如：wehad expectedthatyou would be able to win the match.八、一般将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况；有以下一些形式：学习必备欢迎下载1. will/shall do（侧重将来行为，不突出方案支配去做某事）2. be going to do 主观

11、上准备或客观上可能发生3. be doing 按方案将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用 4.be about to do 按方案即将发生 九、将来完成时用来表示在将来某个时刻 （前）将完成的动作；常和 by 短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用；例如：wewillhave finishedseniorbook 2 by theend of this term.时态考点分析1 can i join your club,dad. you can when you a bit older.nmeta. getb.will getc.are gettingd.will have got析：

12、“you can”是将来意， when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为 a.2 oh,it s you.i you. i ve just had my hair cut and im wearing new glasses. a.didn t recognizeb.hadnt recognized c.havent recognizedd.dont recongnize析：从“ oh,it s you. ”可知说话时已认出对方；“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情形，所以应选a.3.i dont think jim saw me;he into space.nmeta.justs

13、taredb.wasjuststaringc.hasjuststaredd.had just stared析：在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能说明 jim didn t see me这一缘由的选项，只有着眼于 a、b；如选 a 不能体观他 “当时正在做” 某事， 故排除 a 而选 b；这样由于“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”；4. my glasses. yes,i saw them on your bed a minute ago.nmeta.do you seeb.had you seenc.would you seed.have you seen析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对

14、现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现着急的心情；故答案为d；5. you don t need to describe her.i her several times.nmeta. had metb.have metc.metd.meet析：答案 b；道理同 4；6. do you know our town at all. no,this is the first time i here.学习必备欢迎下载a. wasb.have beenc.camed.am going析：依据 this/it is the first/second/time sb.has done sth.句

15、型，可定答案为 b；又如： this is the second time he has visited the great wall.i. dontreallyworkhere.i untilthenewsecretary arrives.nmeta. just help outb. have just helped outc. am just helping outd. will just help out析：依据 i don t really work here.以及until the new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是方案支配行为，c、d 两个选项都表将

16、来动作，但d 非方案支配， c 就表达按方案去做，所以此题答案为c；8. is this raincoat yours. no, mine there behind the door.nmeta. is hangingb. has hungc. hangsd. hung析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的b、d 项可排除； c 项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯；为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选a 是极为合情理的；被动语态一、被动语态的句型1. 常见句式是：主语（受动者）be过去分词（ by施动者）例如： he was scolded by the

17、 english teacher.2. 主语 get 过去分词其它成分例如：the boy got drowned lastsummer./ shegot firedbecause of her faults.留意：使用这种结构不能带有“by施动者”3. 带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是 直接宾语， 也可以是间接宾语； 例如：she lentmea bike.被动： 1）i was lent a bikeby her.2） a bike was lent to meby her.4. 情态动词 be过去分词例如： this problem must be work

18、ed out in half an hour.5. 双重被动式：主语被动式谓语不定式的被动式其它成分例 如 ； thesemagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthe reading-room./the murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主动表示被动的几种情形1. 不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态；常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等；例如：this knife cuts well.这把刀好切； these books sell wel

19、l.这些书好卖； the pen writessmoothly. 这支笔写起来流畅； meat wont keep long in such hot weather.肉学习必备欢迎下载在这样热的天气里放不长期；the cloth washes well.这种布好洗；2. 一些连 系动 词的 主动式 形 容词 ；常 见动 look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等；例如： the apples taste good./theflowersmellswonderful./thenewsproved/turnedout true./cotton feels

20、 soft.注： prove也可用于被动式，如：his answerwas proved right.3. 不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系；常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等 ； 例 如 ： theproblemiseasytodo./thequestionisdifficulttoanswer./the box is heavy to carry./the project is impossible to complete in a year. 比 较 ： the

21、 problem is to be done./the question is to be answered. 没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必需用被动式；三、简单误用被动语态的几种情形：1.i teach myself french.不行变为myself is taught french.由于反身代词不行作主语；2. we help each other/one another.不行变为 each other/one another is helped by us.由于相互代词不行作主语；3. helostheart.不 可 变 为 heartwas lostbyhim. 因

22、为 象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式；4. shetook partin the sportsmeet. 不能变为 the sportsmeet was taken partinby her. 由于象 takepartin,belongto ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态；被动语态考点分析1.i need one more stamp before my collection .nmeta. hascompletedb.com

23、pletesc.hasbeen completedd.is completed析： complete 是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的c、d 中选择；又因 before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为 d；2. do you like the material. yes,it very soft.nmeta. is feelingb. feltc. feelsd. is felt析：观看题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来”意思 , 是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时；依据此题对话情形，是指某种材料的常规特性，要

24、用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为c；feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等学习必备欢迎下载变化；3greatchanges factories .nmetinthecity,andalotofa. have been taken placehave been set upb. have taken placehave been set upc. have taken placehave set upd. were taken placewere set up析： take place（发生）是不及物动词，不行用于被动语态，于是可排除a、d，又因 se

25、t up建造 是及物动词，在此题中应当用被动式，故排除c，答案为 b；4. mostoftheartists tothepartywerefromsouth africa.nmeta. invitedb.to invitec.being invitedd.had beeninvited析：第一可排除 b；由于它不表示“被邀请”；又因 d 项少引导词 who，也应排除；a 项 who were invited,c 项 who were being invited, 由象 invite 这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不行作后置定语，故也应排除；因而可定答案为 a；5.idontknowtherest

26、aurant,butit s tobequiteagoodone.nmeta.saidb.toldc.spokend.talked析：依据“某人 / 某物据说”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said”可定答案为 a；又如： he is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪慧的男孩；6.thepolice things .nmetfoundthatthehouse andalotofa. has broken intohas been stolenb. has broken intohad beenstolenc. has been broken intostolen

27、d. had been broken intostolen 析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除a、b；因 c 项中的 has been broken into不能置于 found 之后，就答案只能是d；7.i promise that the matter will .nmeta. be taden careb.be taken care ofc. take cared.takecareof析： takecare of是固定短语，如无of 就不行带宾语，只能跟that从句；所以此题答案为 b；8. if city noises from increasing,people

28、 shout to be heardeven at the dinner table 20 years from now.nmeta.are not keptwill have tob.are not kepthave toc.do not keepwill have tod.do not keephave to析：观看题干，第一处必需用被动式，答案只能在a、b 中选一；条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为a；学习必备欢迎下载9. the olympic games, in 776 bc,did not includewomenplayersuntil 1912.nmeta. fi

29、rstplayingb.tobefirstplayedc.first playedd.to be first playing析；要表达“被举办”，只能在b、c 中选； b 意“将要首次举办”；明显不合in 776 bc这一过去时间，只有c，first playedwhich was first played才合用；故答案为c；10. this sentence needs .a.aimprovementb.improvec.improvingd.improved析：初看此题似手 a、c 皆可，但 improvement 是元音开头词，其前要用 an, 故排除； need 作实义动词，和 req

30、uire,want 一样，后面可跟 doing 或 to be done 表“需要被 ”意；如： the door needs/wants/requires painting/to bepainted.这扇门需要漆一下； i. shouldverymuchliketohavegonetotheparty,but i invited.a. am notb.haven t beenc.was notd.will not be析： should/wouldliketo have done sth. 意“本想做某事”，例如：ishould like to have seen the film,but

31、it wasnt possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以 but 后的句子也应当是过去时态与之相协作，故此题答案是c；12. the note to mr smith. no,it is still in my pocket.a. isbeinggivenb.wasgivenc.hasbeengivend.hasntbeen given析：依据问句与答句，问话人明显是留意结果，故要用现在完成时；好像d 作为反诘句“莫非条仍没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但如是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“ sorry.it is still in my pocket.”, 所以此题答案应为c；13. w

32、e heard it that he had gone to new york.a. sayb.saidc.to sayd.be said析： it was said that可以改为 we heard it said that 都表示“据说”之意 ；前一种说法中it是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语；故此题答案为 b；动词时态、语态专练1. the maths problem can be .a. easy worked outb.easy to be worked out c.easily worked outd.easily to work out2. every possible

33、means ,but none proves successful.a. hasbeentriedb.triedc.isbeingtriedd.has学习必备欢迎下载tried3. the girl is to a rich man.a. marrywithb.bemarriedc.marrytod.bemarriedto4. he received a telegram that “mother sick”.a. wroteb.saysc.readsd.read 5.who can you imagine to his wedding party.a.invitingb.beinginvit

34、edc.wasinvitedd.tobe invited6.i ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer.nmeta. gaveb.was givenc.was givingd.had given7. will somebody go and get dr.white. hes already been .nmeta. asked forb.sent forc.called ford.looked fora. conductor to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.a. n

35、eedsb.is needingc.was neededd.has been needed 9.when and where to build the new factory yet.a.isnotdecidedb.arenotdecidedc.hasnot decidedd.have not decided10. ways to stop pollution by now.a. must findb.willbe foundc.arefoundd.havebeenfoundi. dont want anything about it.a. to sayb.saidc.sayingd.havi

36、ng said12. that the sports meet might be put off. yes,it all depends on the weather.a.i ve been toldb.ive toldc.im toldd.i tolda. librarywithfivethousand books to thenationas a gift.nmeta. is offeredb.has offeredc.are offeredd.have offered14. betty has never been heard ill of others.a. speakb.spoken

37、c.to speakd.was said 15.tom to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.a.saidb.saysc.is saidd.was said16. what do you think of the book. oh,excellent.its worth a second time.nmeta. to readb.to be readc.readingd.being read 17.little jim should love to the theatre this evening.nmeta.to be take

38、nb.to takec.being takend.taking.18. more attention,the trees could have grown better.nmet学习必备欢迎下载a.g ivenb.to givec.givingd.having given19. where the book.i cant see it anywhere. i it right here but now its gone.a. did you put;have putb.have you put;putc.had you put;was puttingd.were you putting;hav

39、e put 20.he would not fail so long as he hard the next term.a.studiedb.would studyc.had studiedd.studies 21.how long the english party .lastedb.did;lastc.was;lastedd.will;be lasted 22.what you this time next friday.a.has;beena.will;dob.have;been doingc.are;doingd.will;bedoing23. hardly the bell when

40、 the teacher came in.a. did;ringb.would;ringc.has;rungd.had;rung 24.it and the streets were still wet.a. hadbeenrainingb.rainedc.hadbeen rainedd.would rain25. the book on theground fortenminutesbutno noe has pickeditup.a. is lyingb.has lainc.layd.has been lying 26.we there when it to rain.a.were get

41、ting;would beginb.were about to get;began c.had got;had begund.would get;began27. the teacher said we ten lessons by the end of this term.a. should have studiedb.were going to study c.have studiedd.should study28. she told me she had met you in london last year. you her since.a.h ad;metb.did;seec.wo

42、uld;meetd.have;seen29. when again. when he ,i ll let you know.a. will he come;will comeb.will he come;comec.he comes;comesd.will he come;comes 30.tom for more than a week.a.has leftb.had gone awayc.went awayd.has beenaway31. what happened to her teeth. she the apple more than she could chew.a. has b

43、ittenb.bitc.had been bittingd.bites学习必备欢迎下载32. shakespeare was said 37 famous plays in his lifetime.a. finishing writingb.to finish writing c.having writtend.to have written33. youve agreed to go.so why arent you getting ready. but i that you me to start at once.a. don t realize;wantb.dont realize;w

44、anted c.haven t realized;wantd.didn t realize;wanted34. i missed the lecture last night. oh,what a pity.i wish .a. you heared itb.you had heard it c.you never heard itd.you hadn t heard it35.i ll return the book to the library as soon as i it.a. finishedb.amgoingtofinishc.willfinishd.have finished36

45、. your phone number again.i quite catch it. it s 9586442.nmeta. didntb.couldntc.don td.can t37. i m sorry to keep you waiting. oh,not at all.i here only a few minutes.a. have beenb.had beenc.wasd.will be 38.when i was at college.i three foreign languages,but i all except a few words of each.a.spoke;had forgottenb.spoke;have forgottenc.had spoedn;had forgottend.had spoken;have forgotten 39.the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she .a.will arriveb.arriv