北邮数电综合实验电子沙漏的设计与实现

1、北 京 邮 电 大 学 数电综合实验报告 实验名称： 电子沙漏的设计与实现 学 院：信息与通信工程学院 姓 名： 班 级： 学 号： 班内序号： 1、 实验设计的基本要求 沙漏是一种古老的计时工具，也是一种玩具。电子沙漏用发光二极管表示沙粒，模拟沙漏的运动过程。电子沙漏会像真正的沙漏一样，上部的沙粒（点亮的发光二极管）一粒一粒往下掉，下部的沙粒一粒一粒堆起来。1、 采用 8*8 双色点阵显示电子沙漏的开机界面,如图 2 所示。其中红色 LED 代表沙漏的上半部分沙粒 VD0VD15,绿色 LED 代表沙漏的下半部分 VD0'VD15'。2、用拨码开关 SW1 模拟重力感应器。当

2、 SW1 为低电平时,沙粒从 VD0VD15 向 VD0'VD15'移动;当 SW1 为高电平时,沙粒从 VD0'VD15'向 VD0VD15 移动。3、 按键 BTN0 作为计时启动停止按键,启动后沙粒即可按照 SW1 设定的方向移动, 以 SW1 为低电平时为例,LED 移动的顺序与对应关系如图 3 的116所示(若 SW1 为高电平,则点阵显示移动顺序为161)。每颗沙粒的移动时间为 1 秒,当移动 到图 3 的16时,若 SW1 仍为低电平,则保持沙粒不动,但计时继续,直到 SW1 的 电平发生变化或者 BTN0 计时停止。4、 设计实现一个 60 秒计

3、时器,当按键 BTN0 启动时开始工作,用于在沙粒移动过程 中进行计时校准,并用数码管 DISP0DISP1 显示计时结果。提高要求:1、 可以调节控制电子沙漏的流动速度。2、 用多种方式呈现电子沙漏界面。3、 自行设定沙粒的移动路径,显示每颗沙粒的移动过程。 4、 外接重力感应器,实现真实的电子沙漏功能。5、 自拟其它功能。二、系统设计1、设计思路实验比较复杂，故采用分模块设计的思想，将模块分为了分频模块、控制模块、数码管显示模块、8*8点阵显示模块。由于本实验需要用BTN0按键来控制时间和沙漏的开始运行以及时间的暂停功能，故需要检测输入，此时就要用到防抖模块，防止在按下按键时有多个上升沿产

4、生导致开关并不能完美的发挥作用。控制模块是用来实现具体的操作的，通过对按下BTN0按键的次数统计，将其分为奇数与偶数两种情况，在奇数时使功能正常运行，在统计为偶数时使时间暂停，以此来实现对此系统的控制。由于数电实验电路板自带着时钟频率，但此频率并不能满足系统的要求，故需要分频将时钟频率变为所需要的频率，用来作为60秒计时器的校准和正常运行。本实验最重要的部分就是8*8点阵显示模块和数码管显示模块。对于led灯来说，要让它按照设计好的图案显示，需要一行行对8*8点阵进行扫描，在列中来控制哪一行来显示，经过一定时间后到下一行显示，而控制红灯亮还是绿灯则通过不同的接口控制，在扫描频率够快的时候，由于

5、人眼暂留效应，会误以为是一直在显示，以此达到所需要的效果。数码管的显示模块与此类似，通过选位信号选择需要亮的数码管，然后在扫描频率较高时则看到稳定显示的数字。2、系统框图控制模块（1）总体框图8*8点阵显示分频模块BTN0输入计时器控制模块8*8点阵显示模块（2）程序流程图开始初始化开机界面否BTN0是否按下是计时开始并且沙漏开始运动SW1是否翻转否沙漏向相反方向流动是计时是否到59s 重新开始计时 是 否是否暂停是显示暂停三、源程序library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity d

6、iv4k isport(clk_in : in std_logic; clk_out : out std_logic);end;architecture a of div4k issignal cnt : integer range 0 to 1999;signal clk_tmp : std_logic;beginprocess(clk_in)beginif (clk_in'event and clk_in='1') thenif cnt=1999 thencnt<=0; clk_tmp<= not clk_tmp;elsecnt<=cnt+1;en

7、d if;end if;end process;clk_out<=clk_tmp;end;LIBRARY IEEE;USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;ENTITY scan_led_2 IS PORT ( CLK : IN STD_LOGIC; BTN0: IN STD_LOGIC; SW0 : IN STD_LOGIC; SW1 : IN STD_LOGIC; SG : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(6 DOWNTO 0); BT : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(5 DOWN

8、TO 0); R:OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0); Cr:OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(0 TO 6); Cg:OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(0 TO 6); END;ARCHITECTURE arc OF scan_led_2 IScomponent div4kport(clk_in: in std_logic; clk_out: out std_logic);end component;SIGNAL clk_tmp1 : std_logic;SIGNAL BT1:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(5 DOWNTO 0);SIGNAL

9、 CNT6 : INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 6; SIGNAL CNT9 : INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 9; SIGNAL A : INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 9; SIGNAL S : INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 7;-控制点阵显示 SIGNAL S1 : INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 16;-沙漏状态 SIGNAL S2 : INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 100;-开机画面 SIGNAL SW_0 : STD_LOGIC;-SW_0 为1时运行 为0时保持原状态 SIGNAL SW_1 : STD_LOGIC;-SW_1 为0时向下

10、运动 为1时向上运动 SIGNAL FLAG : STD_LOGIC;- FLAG='1'时运行 FLAG=0停止 SIGNAL COUNT0 : INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 15000;SIGNAL COUNT1 : INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 15001;SIGNAL clk_tmp : STD_LOGIC;BEGINu1:div4k port map(clk_in=>CLK,clk_out=>clk_tmp);P0:process(BTN0)-按键防抖 BEGIN IF CLK'EVENT AND CLK = '1'

11、 THEN IF (BTN0 AND CLK)='0'THEN COUNT0<=0; END IF; IF (BTN0 AND CLK)='1'THEN COUNT0<=COUNT0+1; IF COUNT0<=5 THEN COUNT0<=0;FLAG<=NOT FLAG; END IF; END IF; END IF; END PROCESS P0;P1:process(clk_tmp) BEGIN IF clk_tmp'EVENT AND clk_tmp = '1' THEN case BT1 is w

12、hen"111110"=> BT1<="111101" when"111101"=> BT1<="111110" when others => BT1<="111110" end case; END IF; if BT1 ="111101" then BT<="111101"A<=CNT6; end if; if BT1 ="111110" then BT<="111110

13、"A<=CNT9; end if; END PROCESS P1;P3:process(clk_tmp) BEGIN SW_0<=SW0; SW_1<=SW1; IF clk_tmp'EVENT AND clk_tmp = '1' THEN COUNT1 <= COUNT1+1;IF COUNT1 = 12499 THEN COUNT1 <= 0; CNT9 <= CNT9 + 1; if CNT9 = 9 then CNT9 <= 0; CNT6<= CNT6 + 1; end if; if CNT6 = 5

14、and CNT9 = 9 then CNT6 <= 0; CNT9 <= 0; end if; IF SW_1 = '0' and FLAG = '1' THEN S1<=S1+1; if S1=16 then S1<=16; end if; END IF; IF FLAG = '0' THEN S1<=S1;CNT6<= CNT6;CNT9 <= CNT9; END IF; IF SW_1 = '1' and FLAG = '1'THEN S1<=S1-1; if

15、S1=0 then S1<=0; end if; END IF; END IF;END IF; END PROCESS P3;P4:process(A)BEGIN CASE A IS -实现数码管的显示功能 WHEN 0 => SG <= "1111110" WHEN 1 => SG <= "0110000" WHEN 2 => SG <= "1101101" WHEN 3 => SG <= "1111001" WHEN 4 => SG <= &qu

16、ot;0110011" WHEN 5 => SG <= "1011011" WHEN 6 => SG <= "1011111" WHEN 7 => SG <= "1110000" WHEN 8 => SG <= "1111111" WHEN 9 => SG <= "1111011" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; END CASE ; END PROCESS P4; P5:process(S) BEGIN I

17、F clk_tmp'EVENT AND clk_tmp = '1' THEN S<=S+1; IF S=7 THEN S<=0; END IF; END IF; IF S1=0 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01111111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="1111111" WHEN 1 => R<="10111111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0111

18、110" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0011100" WHEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 => R<="11110111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 5 =

19、> R<="11111011" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 6 => R<="11111101" ;Cg<="0111110"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 7 => R<="11111110" ;Cg<="1111111"Cr<="0000000" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; E

20、ND CASE ; END IF; IF S1=1 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01111111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="1110111" WHEN 1 => R<="10111111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0111110" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr&l

21、t;="0011100" WHEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 => R<="11110111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 5 => R<="11111011" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<="0000000&q

22、uot; WHEN 6 => R<="11111101" ;Cg<="0111110"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 7 => R<="11111110" ;Cg<="1110111"Cr<="0001000" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; END CASE ; END IF; IF S1=2 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01111111"

23、;Cg<="0011000"Cr<="1100111" WHEN 1 => R<="10111111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0111110" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0011100" WHEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg<="0000

24、000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 => R<="11110111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 5 => R<="11111011" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 6 => R<="11111101" ;Cg<="0111110"Cr<=&q

25、uot;0000000" WHEN 7 => R<="11111110" ;Cg<="1100111"Cr<="0011000" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; END CASE ; END IF; IF S1=3 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01111111" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<="1100011" WHEN 1 => R<="10

26、111111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0111110" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0011100" WHEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 => R<="11110111" ;Cg&l

27、t;="0001000"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 5 => R<="11111011" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 6 => R<="11111101" ;Cg<="0111110"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 7 => R<="11111110" ;Cg<="1100011&q

28、uot;Cr<="0011100" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; END CASE ; END IF; IF S1=4 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01111111" ;Cg<="0111100"Cr<="1000011" WHEN 1 => R<="10111111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0111110" WHEN 2 => R

29、<="11011111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0011100" WHEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 => R<="11110111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 5 => R<="1111101

30、1" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 6 => R<="11111101" ;Cg<="0111110"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 7 => R<="11111110" ;Cg<="1000011"Cr<="0111100" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; END CASE ; END IF; IF S1=

31、5 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01111111" ;Cg<="0111110"Cr<="1000001" WHEN 1 => R<="10111111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0111110" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0011100" W

32、HEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 => R<="11110111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 5 => R<="11111011" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 6 => R<=

33、"11111101" ;Cg<="0111110"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 7 => R<="11111110" ;Cg<="1000001"Cr<="0111110" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; END CASE ; END IF; IF S1=6 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01111111" ;Cg<="1111110&qu

34、ot;Cr<="0000001" WHEN 1 => R<="10111111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0111110" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0011100" WHEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="00

35、01000" WHEN 4 => R<="11110111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 5 => R<="11111011" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 6 => R<="11111101" ;Cg<="0111110"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 7

36、 => R<="11111110" ;Cg<="0000001"Cr<="1111110" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; END CASE ; END IF; IF S1=7 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01111111" ;Cg<="1111111"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 1 => R<="10111111" ;Cg<=&qu

37、ot;0000000"Cr<="0111110" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0011100" WHEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 => R<="11110111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr

38、<="0000000" WHEN 5 => R<="11111011" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 6 => R<="11111101" ;Cg<="0111110"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 7 => R<="11111110" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="1111111

39、" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; END CASE ; END IF; IF S1=8 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01111111" ;Cg<="1111111"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 1 => R<="10111111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0110110" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111"

40、; ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0011100" WHEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 => R<="11110111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 5 => R<="11111011" ;Cg<="00

41、11100"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 6 => R<="11111101" ;Cg<="0110110"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 7 => R<="11111110" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="1111111" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; END CASE ; END IF; IF S1=9 then CASE S IS WHEN 0

42、=> R<="01111111" ;Cg<="1111111"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 1 => R<="10111111" ;Cg<="0011000"Cr<="0100110" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0011100" WHEN 3 => R<="

43、11101111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 => R<="11110111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 5 => R<="11111011" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 6 => R<="11111101" ;Cg

44、<="0100110"Cr<="0011000" WHEN 7 => R<="11111110" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="1111111" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; END CASE ; END IF; IF S1=10 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01111111" ;Cg<="1111111"Cr<="0000000

45、" WHEN 1 => R<="10111111" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<="0100010" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0011100" WHEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 =>

46、; R<="11110111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 5 => R<="11111011" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 6 => R<="11111101" ;Cg<="0100010"Cr<="0011100" WHEN 7 => R<="1111

47、1110" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="1111111" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; END CASE ; END IF; IF S1=11 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01111111" ;Cg<="1111111"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 1 => R<="10111111" ;Cg<="0111100"Cr<

48、="0000010" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0011100" WHEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 => R<="11110111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0000000&quo

49、t; WHEN 5 => R<="11111011" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 6 => R<="11111101" ;Cg<="0000010"Cr<="0111100" WHEN 7 => R<="11111110" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="1111111" WHEN OTHERS =&g

50、t; NULL ; END CASE ; END IF; IF S1=12 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01111111" ;Cg<="1111111"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 1 => R<="10111111" ;Cg<="0111110"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111" ;Cg<="00000

51、00"Cr<="0011100" WHEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 => R<="11110111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 5 => R<="11111011" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<=&qu

52、ot;0000000" WHEN 6 => R<="11111101" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0111110" WHEN 7 => R<="11111110" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="1111111" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; END CASE ; END IF; IF S1=13 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01

53、111111" ;Cg<="1111111"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 1 => R<="10111111" ;Cg<="0111110"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0010100" WHEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg&l

54、t;="0000000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 => R<="11110111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 5 => R<="11111011" ;Cg<="0010100"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 6 => R<="11111101" ;Cg<="0000000&q

55、uot;Cr<="0111110" WHEN 7 => R<="11111110" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="1111111" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; END CASE ; END IF; IF S1=14 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01111111" ;Cg<="1111111"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 1 =>

56、R<="10111111" ;Cg<="0111110"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111" ;Cg<="0011000"Cr<="0000100" WHEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 => R<="111101

57、11" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 5 => R<="11111011" ;Cg<="0000100"Cr<="0011000" WHEN 6 => R<="11111101" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0111110" WHEN 7 => R<="11111110" ;Cg<=&

58、quot;0000000"Cr<="1111111" WHEN OTHERS => NULL ; END CASE ; END IF; IF S1=15 then CASE S IS WHEN 0 => R<="01111111" ;Cg<="1111111"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 1 => R<="10111111" ;Cg<="0111110"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 2 => R<="11011111" ;Cg<="0011100"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 3 => R<="11101111" ;Cg<="0000000"Cr<="0001000" WHEN 4 => R<="11110111" ;Cg<="0001000"Cr<="0000000" WHEN 5 =>