短文填空优质课

1、吴川一中实验学校主讲老师：谭小翠指导老师：叶勇He is_.He is _.She is_.She is_.walking writingsingingdancingWhat is he /she doing?What does he do?He is a/an _.doctorWhat does she do?She is a/an _. teacherWhat does she do?She is a/an_.nurseWhat is the bear doing?It is_.playing basketball1.1.September September 10th is 10th i

2、s Day.Day.2.In autumn after a strong wind, the ground is 2.In autumn after a strong wind, the ground is often covered with fallen often covered with fallen . .TeachersTeachersleavesleaves首先考虑名词的单、复数，然后注意名词所有格。首先考虑名词的单、复数，然后注意名词所有格。3.Last Sunday3.Last Sunday，we played we played in the park, in the pa

3、rk, though we were very tired. though we were very tired. 4.Summer is the 4.Summer is the season of the year.season of the year.happilyhappilyhottesthottest注意形容词、副词的比较等级的变化。注意形容词、副词的比较等级的变化。5. Help 5. Help to some fishto some fish，Jim.Jim.6.This book belongs to Mary. It is 6.This book belongs to Mar

4、y. It is . .yourselfyourselfhershers此处考代词用法。此处考代词用法。7.We could not run faster than cheetahs , so we 7.We could not run faster than cheetahs , so we ( (发明发明)cars and now we can move the )cars and now we can move the fastest.fastest.8.When you laugh ,you will 8.When you laugh ,you will your mouth your

5、 mouth and your teeth.and your teeth.openopen考虑动词的时态变化。考虑动词的时态变化。9.For years, we played other peoples songs, 9.For years, we played other peoples songs, now we play mostly our own songs.now we play mostly our own songs.10.10.She didnt go to school yesterday She didnt go to school yesterday ， she was

6、 ill.she was ill.butbutbecausebecause此处考连词此处考连词invented 短文填空是2012年广东中考出现的一个新题型，其特点是短文中留出10个空，分值共15分。 要求考生根据短文的内容以及上下文的意思，在空白出填入意思、语法都正确的单词，一空只能填一个词（有些空的答案可能不是唯一的）。 短文的题材很广泛，可以是故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等，考试一般会选取考生比较熟悉的材料。 短文填空是中考中一个难度比较大的题型。它所涉及的知识面广，灵活性高，综合性也很强。它不仅考查考生在词汇、语法和习惯用法等方面的基础知识，还考查学生理解、推导、分析等综合能力。 从

7、表面上看它是考查考生对单词的辨认能力，而实质上它既考查了考生掌握单词的数量及准确性，又考查了他们对上下文以及词义的理解和判断能力，由此考查考生的知识记忆与再现能力。一、解题步骤一、解题步骤 1 1、跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意、跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意 解题时先跳过空格，通读短文填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。 2 2、复读短文，确定语义，判断词性、复读短文，确定语义，判断词性 （1）把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义。 （2）根据空格在句子中的位置，

8、判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。动词：动词：注意动词短语固定搭配、时态、语态、主谓一致、 谓语与非谓语动词等；名词：名词：注意名词的单复数及名词的所有格形式；形容词：形容词：注意固定搭配、比较级和最高级形式及构词规则；副词：副词：注意插入语、比较级和最高级形式，关注句与句之间的连贯性；连词、关系词：连词、关系词：注意状语从句、定语从句等在语篇中的运用；代词：代词：关注上下文，注意代词的前后照应关系；介词、冠词：介词、冠词：注意习惯用法。如果所填的词在句首，注意首字母要大写如果所填的词在句首，注意首字母要大写。解析：根据短文可知此处

9、需要填入一个名词，再根据下文从而可确定homework/schoolwork/work。例（2012年广东）I have had a lot (73) every day .I understand that it is important to do my homework.homework/schoolwork/work3. 3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案三读短文，上下参照，验证答案 在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺利成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。二、解题技巧二、解题技巧

10、1 1、从上下文的结构和语境方面考虑：、从上下文的结构和语境方面考虑：有的空格必须根据上下文的结构才能判断应该填什么单词。解析：根据句意可知要填形容词much，又根据上文“The longer”可确定此处考查的是形容词比较级的常用句型“the+比较级，the +比较级”，表示“越越”。古此处应填more. 例例：(1).（2012年广东） The longer the holidays are , the (78)_ homework I get. I really feel bad about it .more2.2.从语法方面考虑：从语法方面考虑： 短文填空题所涉及的语法内容通常包括：名词

11、的单复数、形容词和副词的比较等级、主谓一致、动词的时态和语态、冠词、介词和连词的选用等。(2).(2012广东）I am looking forward to a holiday (79)_homework so that I can relax and have some time for my hobbies .without解析：分析句子结构可知，句中缺少定语，故这里应填一个介词，与homework 一起构成介词短语作定语。又根据下文“I can relax and have some time for my hobbies”可知本空应填表示”没有“作业的without。(3).（201

12、2年广东）Im upset these days . I have(71)_ problem,.a解析：名词前面一般填冠词或形容词，句中已有Im upset,故可确定应填一个冠词。Problem在此是第一次提及，故应用不定冠词a.4.4.先易后难先易后难 在做题过程中遇到个别空格填不出的，可以适当跳过，待全部完成后，再考虑填不出的空格，这样未知的信息就越来越少。5.5.检查错误检查错误 在填完后，应该将短文重新审读一次，检查答案是否有不符合题意的或有语法错误等。3.3.从习惯用法和固定搭配方面考虑从习惯用法和固定搭配方面考虑例：（2012年广东）I almost have no free ti

13、me for my hobbies,(77)_as playing volleyball and ping-pong.such解析：such as 意为“例如”，是固定搭配，故第77空填as. (一） 2013年广东省初中毕业生学业考试JunethesaveDear Mary, How are you? I had great fun last Wednesday， 71 12th ,2013. It was a traditional Chinese festival called Dragon Boat Festival that day. This festival is in memo

14、ry of Qu Yuan， one of 72 greatest Chinese poets. He killed himself by calendar(阴历)，278BC. People there moved the boat to 73 him. But it was too late. They were very sad and then threw rice into the74 to feed the fishes so that they would stay away from his body.75 then on， every year on this day， pe

15、ople enjoy 76 Zongzi which is made of rice with meat， eggs and so on. In the past we ate it only 77 a year， but now we regard it as our daily food. We have it any time we like. Have you ever78 the dragon boat race on TV. It is another important part of this festival.Fromeatingoncewatchedriver Severa

16、l teams row their dragon-shaped boats as 79 as they can. The first team to reach the finish line wins. If you have a plan to visit China next year， would 80 like to spend this festival with us. Best wishes Xiao Qiangyouquickly/fast语篇解读：本文介绍了中国的传统节日端午节的一些习俗及来历。71.June考查名词。根据常识，2013年的端午节是在六月份。72.the考查

17、冠词。形容词最高级greatest前要加the，表示“最伟大的”。73.save考查动词。根据句意：人们划船是为了救他。74.river/water考查名词。根据句意：人们非常伤心，然后把米饭投入河/水中喂鱼，让鱼远离他的躯体。75.From考查短语。from then on 表示“从那以后”。76.eating/having考查动词。enjoy doing sth 表示“喜欢做某事”。根据句意:人们喜欢吃粽子。77.once考查副词。根据句意：在过去人们一年只吃一次粽子，而现在我们把它看成我们的日常食物。78.watched/seen考查动词。表示“观看”用“watch”。根据句意:你在电视

18、上有看过龙舟赛吗？79.fast考查副词。划龙舟快表示速度快，应用“fast”。80.you考查代词。根据句意：你希望和我们过这个节吗？ I am Jackie Lee, an American Chinese. Let me tell you about my grandfathers life story. My grandfather was 71 in 1932 and grew up in a poor village in Fujian, China. At the age of 14, he first heard of America. It was said to be th

19、e land of gold and poor people could easily become 72 there. So, my grandfather came to America.“I had thought it was easy to 73 money in America,” （二） 2014年广东省初中毕业生学业考试bornrichmake he told me. “But when I 74 in Los Angeles, I realized it was not true. I couldnt find a good job because I spoke littl

20、e English. I wanted to go to a language school to learn English,75 I couldnt afford it. Later, I worked in a small 76 , serving the guests, cleaning up the tables, washing the dishes and sweeping the floors. I was such 77helpful and honest worker that my boss was pleased with me. I was popular with

21、my workmates, 78 . Life became easier and in the end I entered an evening school to learn English.butrestaurantatooarrived My grandfather kept working hard , and finally made 79 dream come true. Things do not come easily in life. That is what I have learned 80 my grandfather. fromhis语篇解读：本文介绍了作者爷爷在美

22、国创业的生活经历故 事。71.born考查动词词组。根据句子知道是be born in+地点,生于某地。72.rich考查形容词。句中有the land of gold 以及poor people可以推断出。73.make考查动词词组。根据句意：赚钱容易。考查词组make money。74.arrived考查动词词组。根据句意是考查动词词组 “到达”arrive in。75.but考查连词。根据空后面的一句I couldnt afford it可知是意义转折。76.restaurant考查名词。根据后面一句“serving the guests, cleaning up the tables,

23、 washing the dishes and sweeping the floors”推断是饭店。77.a考查冠词。根据句子结构such后面跟名词短语，helpful and honest worker，其中worker可数单数名词。78.too考查副词。从77所在句子和78所在句子可知是爷爷不仅诚实，乐于助人，也受工友欢迎。79.his考查代词。这里his指代的是爷爷。80.from考查动词短语。learn from sb. 向某人学习。 从上面的分析来看，短文填空主要考查以下几个方面： (1)借助于图对上下文(整篇)的理解和把握；(解答的基础) (2)理解及推测句子的含义，绝大部分答案可

24、以根据句意得出；(答题的要点) (3)习惯用法和常用搭配(短语)的掌握情况(每年均考查 23题的固定搭配)； (4)逻辑推理及根据生活常识判断。 根据上面的分析我们归纳出实用的短文填空的解题技巧，同学们在平时的练习中可以采用以下的方法多加练习。 I am a Chinese boy. My English name is Bob. I live far from (1) . I often go to school by bike. I do not like to be (2) . I always get to school on time. One morning, I went to

25、school (3) my bicycle as usual. Suddenly there was something (4) with the wheel of my bike. I could not ride it, so I (5) to get off the bike. （一）（一）schoollateonwronghad I tried my (6) , but it still did not work. I was very worried and did not know what to do. Just at the moment, an old man came ov

26、er. He asked me what had (7) . I told him the sad thing. He said that he could help me. A few minutes (8) , he mended the bike well. I was very glad and said, “Thank you very much!” But the old man went away (9) saying any words. Then I rode to school as (10) as I could. Luckily, I reached the class

27、room in time. besthappenedlaterwithoutfast （二）Dear Mary, I cant wait until you get here! I am meeting you at the airport 1 1:00 on Friday. From there we are going right home, so you can meet my 2 .After you rest 3 a few minutes, we are all going to dinner at a Japanese restaurant. We want you to com

28、fortable on your first day in New York. dinner, well probably go to a movie.atfamilyfeelforAfter Saturday we can sleep late if you want to. In the afternoon, we can take a boat ride around New York, so you can see 6 it looks like. Later we are 7 a couple of museums, Jerry and Tom want to have dinner

29、 with 8 Saturday night. Well probably meet them at an Italian restaurant on 56th Street. Im sorry you have to go to Washington so soon, I am going to the airport with you on Monday morning to say 9 . Have a safe 10 , Mariawhatvisitingusgoodbyetrip复习方法复习方法 短文填空是综合性较强的考题，想要在中考得到高分必须在平时多下功夫积累好基础知识。下面我们

30、列举一些积累的学习方法。 一、熟记单词。 包括单词的形、音、义和词性，还要记住它的同义词、反义词，同时注意词形和词性的转变。请同学们认真识记好每一个考纲单词。需要记住的单词: 1. 雨伞 2. 相机 3. 钢琴 4. 大衣 5. 毛衣 6. 音乐会 7. 野炊 8. 自豪的 9. 口渴的 10. 饥饿的 11. 推 12. 困难的 13. 不同 14. 参观 15. 重要的 16. 细心的 17. 保护 18. 通过 19. 健康的 20. 拉 21. 理解 22. 相信 23. 收到 24. 负担得起umbrellacamerapianocoatsweaterconcertpicnicpro

31、udthirstyhungrypushdifficultdifferentvisitimportantcarefulprotectpasshealthypullunderstandbelievereceiveafford 需要记住的动词及过去式: 1.buybought 买 2.feelfelt 感觉 3.fallfell 摔倒 4.hearheard 听到 5.loselost 丢失 6.makemade 制造，使得 7.saysaid 说 8.seesaw 看见 9.telltold 告诉 10.breakbroke 打破 11.givegave 给 12.wakewoke 醒来 13.c

32、atchcaught 抓住 14.findfound 找到,发现 15.leaveleft 离开 16.lielay 躺下 17.drivedrove 驾驶 18.spendspent 花费 19.teachtaught 教 20.thinkthought 想, 认为 21.taketook 带走, 花费 22.bringbrought 拿来 23.ringrang (铃)响 24.eatate 吃 二、熟记短语二、熟记短语1. 减肥 2. 摔倒 3. (医生) 仔细检查 (病人) 4. 伤得很重 5. 令某人感到惊讶的是 6. 嘲笑 7. 因迟到 8. 捡起，搭车载人 9. 与不同/和一样

33、10. 与和一样 11. 对感兴趣 12. 忙于做某事 13. 能够 lose weightfall downlook overbe (badly) hurtto ones surprise laugh atbe late for pick upbe different from the same as be interested in be busy with/doing sth. be able to 14. 询问 15. 赶上，追上 16. 想出，提出 17. 想起，想出 18. 及时，准时 19. 玩得快乐 20. 担心 21. 在帮助下 22. 阻止某人干某事 23. 充满 24.

34、在回家/去学校的路上 ask forcatch up with come up with think of on/in time enjoy oneself/have a good time worry about/be worried about with the help of stop sb.from doing sth. be full of/be filled with on the way home/to school 三、熟记句型三、熟记句型1.四个“花费” sb.+spend+时间/钱+on sth./(in)doing sth. It+takes+sb.+时间+to do s

35、th. sth.+cost+sb.+钱 sb.+pay+钱+for sth. 2.Its said+that+从句 据说 3.so+形容词/副词+that+从句 如此以致于能 4.too+形容词/副词+to+V原 太而不能 5.Its time for sb to do sth. 是某人该做某事的时候了 6. 让我们做/不要做 7. 最好(不)做某事 8. ? 为什么不做? 9. 请问你(不)做? 10. 怎么样? 11. 你介意(不)做? 12. 你愿意做? 13. 使某事被做 14. 宁可做而不愿做 15. 宁可做而不愿做Lets/Dont do sth. had better (not)

36、 do sth.Why not/Why dont you do sth. Would/Will/Could you please (not) do sth.? How/What about doing sth.? Would you mind (not) doing sth.? Would you like to do sth.? have /get sth.done prefer to do sth.rather than do sth. would rather do sth.than do sth. 四、熟记易混词辨析。四、熟记易混词辨析。 1. 相当 安静地 2. 甜的 汗水 3. 后

37、来 后者 最近的 4. 国外 上(船，飞机) 5. 鸡 厨房 6. 单独的 寂寞的 7. 金属 勋章 模特 8. 除外 期望 接受 9. 地板 面粉 10. 三月 比赛 11. 故事 商店 12. 通过 尽管 13. 目的 假设 quitequietsweetsweatlaterlatterlatestabroadaboardchickenkitchenalonelonelymetalmedalmodelexceptexpectacceptfloorflourmarchmatchstorystorethroughthoughpurposesuppose短文填空应试策略短文填空应试策略 1.1.

38、通读全文，把握大意通读全文，把握大意 2.2.分析空缺，掌握变化分析空缺，掌握变化 3.3.复读短文，验证答案复读短文，验证答案1.Review what you learned today.2.Finish off the other passages on the paper Mr. Wang had a grandson, (1) _ name is Ming. Mr. Wang loved his grandson very much. Mr. Wang was good at (2) _ and he wanted Ming to be an artist when he (3) _

39、 up, so he taught his grandson to draw when Ming was free at weekends. One Saturday morning, Mr. Wang put (4) _apples on the table and he asked Ming (5) _draw them. （一） He (6) _ his grandson that he could get a lovely teddy bear if he drew them well. After Mr. Wang left, Ming thought that it was (7) _ difficult for him to draw them. Ming thought and thought and then he had an (8) _. Ming ate two of the apples and then he finished drawing in a short while. Two hours later, Mr. Wang got back home. He was very (9) _wh