年高考试题——英语解析版

1、2021 年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30 分）第一节（共5 小题；每道题1.5 分，满分7.5 分）听下面5 段对话；每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的a、 b、c 三个选项中选出正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置；听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题；每段对话仅读一遍；1. what did the man win in his dream.a. a holiday.b. a new car.c. some money.2. will the woman come to the party.a. maybe.b. noc

2、. certainly3. how long has the woman been an author.a. about 30 years.b. about 40 years.c. about 70 years.4. what does the woman want.a. a radio.b. some pens.c. some batteries.5. what is the woman doing.a. asking for information.b. asking for an apology.c. asking for help.其次节（共15 小题；每道题1.5 分，满分22.5

3、分）听下面5 段对话或独白；每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的a 、b 、c 三个选项中选出正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置；听完每段对话或独白前后，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每道题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间；每段对话读两遍；6. how many coats does the woman want.a. 25.b. 30.c. 50.7. what is the order number for gloves.a. p25g5.b. p26t5.c. p28d5.听第 7 段材料，回答第8、9 题；8. which city has the woman visited

4、 recently.a. new york.b. london.c. paris.9. what does the woman like about the city.a. city life.b. weather.c. environment.听第 8 段材料，回答第10 至 11 ；10. when will it rain.a. in the morning.b. in the afternoon.c. at night.11. what will cause delays for traffic coming into town.a. rain.b. a fog.c. bridge r

5、epairs.听第 9 段材料，回答第12 至 14 题；12. why did the woman go to the bank.a. to buy a new house.b. to meet the manager.c. to make an appointment.13. what happened in the parking lot.a. the woman quarreled with a stranger.b. the woman failed to get her car parked in time.c. the woman backed her car into the

6、wrong place.14. what did the woman think of the man when she first saw him.a. selfish.b. clever.c. respectful.听第 10 段材料，回答第15 至 17 题；15. how does the woman think about her work.a. it is very good.b. it is hard to say now.c. it keeps her very busy.16. where does the woman live now.a. in her workplace

7、.b. in the city center.c. in a big apartment.17. what are the two speakers talking about.a. the woman s life in a new city.b. the woman s travel experience.c. the woman s-wcoorkers.听第 11 段材料，回答第18 至 20 题；18. what is the woman s view on smell.a. it is personal.b. it is concrete.c. it is strange.19. w

8、hat is special about smells.a. they are as pleasant as music.b. they can last about thirty days.c. they make things more memorable.20. what is the woman s most favorite smell.a. smell of the sea.b. smell of her garden.c. smell of aircraft fuel.其次部分：学问运用（共两节，满分45 分）第一节：单项填空（共15 小题；每道题1 分，满分15 分）从每题所给

9、的a 、b、c、d 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑；21. john promised his doctor he not smoke, and he has smoked ever since.a. mightb. shouldc. couldd. would.22. have you read book called waiting foranya . who it.a. writesb. has writtenc. wroted. had written23. did you return fred s call. i didn t need to i

10、ll see him tomorrow.a. thoughb. unlessc. whend. because24. that she was going off to sleep, i asked if she d like that little doll on her bed.a. seeingb. to seec. seed. seen25. it was hard for him to learn english in a family, in whichof the parents spoke the language.a. noneb. neitherc. bothd. each

11、26. after the long journey, the three of them went back home, .a. hungry and tiredlyb. hungry and tiredc. hungrily and tiredlyd. hungrily and tired27. the hotel wasn t particularly good. but i in many worse hotels. a .was stayingb, stayedc. would stayd. had stayed28. i ll give you y friend s home ad

12、idcraenssb,e reached most evenings.a. whichb. whenc. whomd. where29. nodecisionaboutany futureappointmentuntilallthecandidates have been interviewed.a. will be madeb. is madec. is being maded. has been made30. the companies are working together to createthey hope will be the best means of transport

13、in the 21 st century.a. whichb. thatc. whatd. who31. did the book give the information you needed.yes. but it, i had to read the entire book.a. to findb. findc. to findingd. finding32. i feel greatly honored into their society.a. to welcomeb. welcomingc. to be welcomedd. welcomed33. if you really ha

14、ve to leave during the meeting, you d better leave the back door.a. forb. byc. acrossd. out34. i m sorry you ve been waiting so long, but it ll still be sogmeet btaimcke. briana. beforeb. sincec. tilld. after35. it is worth considering what makes“ convenience” foods so popular, and better ones of yo

15、ur own.a. introducesb. to introducec. introducingd. introduced21. d此题考查的情态动词的用法，特殊是could和 would的意义区分；could, can的过去式，主要表示“能够，可以，估计”等意义，而would表示“将，情愿”，依据题干 的意义（约翰向医生许诺将不吸烟，而且从那以后就没有再吸烟；），故挑选d；22. c 考查时态；题干中的答句问“谁写此书？”说明此书确定是过去写的，所以用动词过去式；23. d考查连词用法；题干中答句意义是“我不需要回电话，由于我明天就会见到他”；24. a考查非谓语动词的用法；本句的主语是i

16、 ， i与 see的意义的规律关系是主动，也就是 seeing才能表示主语与非谓语的“主动”的规律关系；25. b 考查不定代词的用法；neither表示“两者都不”，句子的意义是“在父母都不懂英语的家庭里学习英语，对于他来讲是很困难的；”26. b考查形容词习惯用法；go hungry受饿，不说go hungrily；27. d 考查时态；前一个分句是过去时态，后一个分句说明的是“然而，已经住过许多条件不好的旅社了；” 28. d考查定语从句；where 表示“在”，指“在我伴侣家的地址”；29. a考查时态、语态；从句是现在完成时，主句应当用一般将来时；30. c考查宾语从句的关系词；wh

17、at 表示“所制造的事物”；31. a考查非谓语动词；句子意义是“为了找到信息，我不得不阅读全书”；32. c考查非谓语动词；我是被欢迎的，所以用to be welcomed；33. b 考出介词by 表示“通过”， for表示“目的”， across表示“横穿”， out表示“在外面”；34. a考查连词； it is some time before是一个句型，表示“在之前就有一段时间了”；35. c考查非谓语动词；introducing和 considering是并列的，用在worth的后面，表示“值得做”；其次节完形填空（共20 小题：每道题1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文， 把

18、握其大意， 从每题所给的a 、b、c、d 四个选项中， 选出正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑；when i entered berkeley, i hoped to earn a scholarship. having been a straight-a student, i believed i could 36 tough subjects and really learn something. one such course was worldliterature given by professor jayne. i was extremely interested in the id

19、eas he 37 in class.when i took the first exam, i was 38 to find a 77, c-plus, on my test paper,39 english was my best subject. i went to professor jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained_ 40 .i decided to try harder, although i didn t kno4w1whbaet cthaautse school had alwaysbeen easy forme.

20、 i read the books more carefully,but got another 77. again,i42withprofessor jayne. again, he listened patiently but wouldn43 t. change hisone more test before the final exam. one more44to improve my grade. so i redoubled my efforts and, for the first time.45the meaning of the word“ thorough” . b4u6t

21、_m_ y did no good and everything47as before.the last hurdle 障碍 was the final. no matter what48i got, it wouldn t cancel threec-pluses. i might as well kiss the49goodbye.i stopped working head. i felt i knew the course material as well as i ever would. the night before the final,i even50myselfto a mo

22、vie. the next day i decided foronce i dhave 51 with a test.a week later, i was surprised to find i got an a. i hurried into professor jayne s offi52to be expecting me. “ ifi gave you the as you53, you wouldn ctontinue to workas hard.”i stared at him.54that his analysis and strategy策略 were correct. i

23、 had worked my head55, as i had never done before.i was speechless when my course grade arrived: a-plus. it was the only a-plus given. thenext year i received my scholarship. i ve always remembered professor jayneone s lesson: you almust set your own standard of excellence.36.a. takeb. discussc. cov

24、erd. get37.a. soughtb. presentedc. exchangedd. obtained38.a. shockedb. worriedc. scaredd. anxious39.a. butb. soc. ford. or40.a. unchangedb. unpleasantc. unfriendlyd. unmoved41.a. reflectedb. meantc. improvedd. affected42.a. quarreledb. reasonedc. bargainedd. chatted43.a. attitudeb. mindc. pland. vie

25、w44.a. choiceb. stepc. chanced. measure45.a. memorizedb. consideredc. acceptedd. learned46.a. ambitionb. confidencec. effortd. method47.a. stayedb. wentc. workedd. changed48.a. gradeb. answerc. lessond. comment49.a. scholarshipb. coursec. degreed. subject50.a. helpedb. favoredc. treatedd. relaxed51.

26、a. funb. luckc. problemsd. tricks.52.a. happenedb. provedc. pretendedd. seemed53.a. valuedb. imaginedc. expectedd. welcomed54.a. rememberingb. guessingc. supposingd. realizing55.a. outb. overc. ond. off36. a考查词语搭配；take subjects的意义是“上某一学科的课”；37. b考查词语搭配；presented意义是“传授”，ideas是 he presented的定语从句，意思是“他

27、所传授的理论”；38. a考查上下文的意义的联系；文中说他的学习成果总是得a，然而这次考试，他得的是 c-plus ，所以他感到震动，所以挑选shocked ；39. c考查上下文的意义的联系；for表示缘由；英语原来是他最好的科目，然而他的成果 是 c-plus ；40. d考查上下文的意义的联系；他与教授辩论，但老师无动于衷；41. b考查上下文的意义的联系；我不知道这是怎么一回事儿；42. b 考查上下文的意义的联系；我又与教授辩论，此处的意义与上文arguments 的意义一样；43. b 考查词的微小差别；mind 指教授固有的思维方式；view指对事物的看法；attitude指对事

28、物的态度；plan意思是“方案”；44. c 考查上下文的意义的联系；本段第一句话意思是“在期末考试前仍有一次测验，所以他仍有一次机会提高他的成果；45. d 考查上下文的意义的联系；他加倍努力学习，所以他第一次学习到了“thorough ”这个词的意思； "thorough ”意思是“完全的、深化的”；46. c考查上下文的意义的联系；上文提到他加倍努力，这里意思是“努力也没有用”；47. b 考查词的不同意义；一切的进展和以前一样，went指“进展”； stayed指“停留”；48. a考查上下文的意义的联系；到期末的时候，无论我获得什么高分数，都不能去掉三个 c-plus的分数

29、；49. a 考查上下文的意义的联系；本文第一句话，就提到他期望得到奖学金，这里说的是他可能与奖学金擦肩而过；50. c 考查上下文的意义的联系；他觉得此课程学得很好了，不用学了；在期末考试的前一天晚上，他看一部电影来招待自己；51. a 考查上下文的意义的联系；他打算把其次天的考试当作一次消遣活动；与上文意义规律一样；52. d 考查上下文的意义的联系；一星期后，他惊奇地发觉他获得了优秀成果，马上跑到教授的办公室；教授似乎正希望着他的到来；53. c 考查上下文的意义的联系；教授说：“假如我以前给了你所期望的优秀成果，你就不会像这样努力地学习了”；54. d考查上下文的意义的联系；我盯着他，

30、意识到他的分析和策略是正确的；55. d 考查不同词的意义差别；work myhead off指“全身心投入”；work out意思是“做出，制定出”，work over意思是“打击、损害”，work on意思是“连续工作”；第三部分：阅读懂得（共20 小题；每道题2 分，满分40 分）阅读以下短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（a 、b、c 和 d ）中，选出正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑；atwenty years ago, i drove a taxi for a living. one night i went to pick up a passenger at 2:30 am.

31、when i arrived to collect, i found the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor window.i walked to the door and knocked,“ just a minute,” answered a weak, elderly voice.after a long pause, the door opened. a small woman in her eighties stood before me. by her side was a small su

32、itcase.i took the suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman. she took my arm and we walked slowly toward the car.she kept thankingme for my kindness. “ it notshing,i”t old her. “ ijust try to treat mypassengers the way i would want my mother treated.”“ oh, you re such a good man.” she

33、 said. when we got into the taxi, she gave me an address, and then asked,“ could you drive through downtown.”“ it s not the shortest way,” i answered quickly.“ oh, i m in no hurry,” she said.“ i m on my w临a终y t医o a院ho.spi idcoen family left. the doctor says i don t have very long.”i quietly reached

34、over and shut off the meter 计价器 . t have anyfor the next two hours, we drove through the city. she showed me the building where shehad once worked, the neighborhood where she had lived,and the furnitureshop that had once been a ballroom where she had gone dancing as a girl.sometimes she d ask me to

35、slow down in front of a particular building and would sit sta ringinto the darkness, saying nothing.at dawn, she suddenly said,” i m tired. let s go now.”we drove in silence to the address she had given me.“ how much do i owe you.” she asked.“ nothing.” i said.“ you have to make a living,” she answe

36、red.are ot“heor pha, sthseernegers,” i answered.almost without thinking, i bent and gave her a hug. she held onto e tightly. our hug ended with her remark,“ you gave an old woman a little moment of joy.”56. the old woman chose to ride through the city in order to .a. show she was familiar with the c

37、ityb. see some places for the last timec. let the driver earn more moneyd. reach the destination on time57. the taxi driver did not charge the old woman because he .a. wanted to do her a favorb. shut off the meter by mistakec. had received her payment in advanced. was in a hurry to take other passen

38、gers58. what can we learn from the story.a. giving is always a pleasure.b. people should respect each other.c. an act of kindness can bring people great joy.d. people should learn to appreciate others concern.56. b 考查整体推断的才能；老人恳求开车穿过市区couldyou drivethroughdowntown. ，然后，她说她要去临终医院（i m on my way to a h

39、ospital.）；在接下来的两个小时，她在车上最终观看了市区的景象，回忆了她年轻时的情形；最终她到达了临终医院；57. a考查简洁推断的才能；出租车司机听老人说家里没有亲人了，就关掉了计价器；58. c 考查推断懂得才能；出租车司机没有收老人任何费用，很和善， 使得老人感到很欣慰；同时老人也和善，主动要付给出租车司机费用，也使得出租车司机很感动；bdomestic 驯养的 horses now pull ploughs, race in the kentucky derby, and carry police.but early horses weren t驯ta服m的e enough to

40、 perform these kinds of tasks. scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today.thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. this was the first ste

41、p in domestication.as people began to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those animalsthat had more desirable characteristics. for example, people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily. people who used horses to pull heavy loads wouldh

42、ave chosen to keep stronger animals. characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals ge nes. so as the domesticated horses reproduced, they passed the characteristics on to their young. each new generation of houses would show more of these chosen characteristics.modern day horse

43、breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. this variety didninthehorse populationbefore domestication.theshetlandhorse isone ofthesmallest breeds typically reaching only one meter tall. with short, strong legs, the animals were bred topull coal out of mine shafts 矿井 with low ceilings. huge h

44、orses like the clydesdale came on thescene around 1700. people bred these heavy, tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads.the domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. for example, horse wereimportant tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. using the

45、m to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. that encouraged populations living in different areas to interact wi

46、th one another. the new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.59. before domestication horses were .a. caught for sportsb. hunted for foodc. made to pull ploughsd. used to carry people60. the author uses the shetland horse as an example to show .a. it is smaller than t

47、he clydesdale horseb. horse used to have gentle personalitiesc. some horses have better shaped than othersd. horses were of less variety before domestication61. horses contributed to the spread of culture by .a. carrying heavy loadsb. changing farming methodsc. serving as a means of transportd. adva

48、ncing agriculture in different areas62. the passage is mainly about .a. why humans domesticated horsesb. how humans and horses needed each otherc. why horses came in different shapes and sizesd. how human societies and horses influenced each other59. b从其次段第一句可以看出，几千年以前，人们捕杀野马作为食物；60. d 考查对说明方法的懂得才能；

49、第四段其次句说明，在人们开头驯养马之前，马的种类并不多；本段第三句就以the shetland horse这种马为例来说明本段其次句的观点；61. c 考查细节懂得的才能；从文中最终一句可以看出，使用马作为新型、快捷的交通工具，有助于世界文化的传播；62. d 考查细节懂得的才能；前四段说明，人类驯养了野马，使得马的种类繁多，这是人类社会对马的影响；最终一段说明，马作为交通工具加速了人类文化传播的进程；cdear hamilton,we are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so we

50、ll. you are one of the people who keep the social temperature at such a comfortable setting. i don ktnow anyone in the office who is better liked than you.you can perhaps help with this. the collection of contributionstowards gifts for employees personal-lifeevents is becoming a littletroubling.cert

51、ainly,the group sending ofa giftis reasonable now and then. in the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬礼） remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.it nsotonlythecollected -fromwhoare

52、growinguncomfortableandpoor,butthecollected- for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who don t know them outside the office, who wouldn et ven recognize their graduating children,their marrying daughters and sons, or theirdead relatives.this is basically a kind gesture and one that people think

53、well of you for, but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels impr oper in today s office setting.thank you for understanding.63. the underlined word“ contributions” probably means .a. moneyb. suggestionsc. reportsd. understanding64. hamilton is expected to .a. show more kindness

54、.b. discontinue the present practicec. quit being the organizer for gift givingd. know more about co- workers families65. this is basically a letter of .a. apologyb. sympathyc. appreciationd. dissatisfaction63. a其次段说明，收取各种礼物的费用，所以contributions指 money ；64. b考查懂得深层含义的才能；这封信对hamilton说明白一些收取礼物费用的好处和带来的一

55、些麻烦，恳求他能够懂得，所以推断他可能不进行这种习俗了；65. d考查懂得深层含义的才能；这封信对hamilton说明白一些收取礼物费用的好处和带 来的一些麻烦， 恳求他能够懂得，所以推断他可能不进行这种习俗了；文中最终仍说明，这是一慈善的举动，想说服hamilton连续维护这种交钱买礼物的习俗；从写信人的语气中可 以看出，这是一封表示不满心情的信；dwhen it comes to friends, i desire those who will share my happiness, who possess wings of their own and who will fly with me. i seek friends whose qualities illuminate（照亮） me and train me up for love. it is for these people that i reserve the glowing hours, too good not to share.when i was in the