2022年It的用法与高考考点精讲2

1、it的用法与高考谈起 it ，真可谓词小作用大。 it 的用法一直是高考命题的热点,也是教学中的重点与难点。下面结合高考试题来对其常考点和特殊用法进行归纳。一、it 用作代词的用法1.it 用作人称代词，可指人，也可指物。用来代替前面已经出现的词、词组或句子，以避免重复。1.i was disappointed with the film . i had expected _ to be much better. ( 93 ) a. that b. this c. one d. it 2. there is still a copy of the book in the library. wa

2、ll you go and borrow ? no, i d rather buy in the bookstore. one b. one; one c. one; it d. it; it 2it 用来指代时间、地点、距离、天气、气候、季节、温度、环境等或虚指的情境。例如： it was nearly midnight when she came back. 3代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿 )。如：what a beautiful baby- is it a boy? 4指代心目中或上文中的人或事物。3-isn t that anns husband over there

3、? -no, it _ be him. im sure he doesnt wear glasses.( 2004. 全国.29 ) a. cant b. must not c. wont d. may not 4-do you like _ here? -oh, yes. the air, the weather, the way of life. everything is so nice.( 2004. 全国.32) a. this b. these c. that d. it it可以指代 未指明 ,但谈话双方心里都明白的那件事或那种情况, 在本题情景中 it 指这儿的情况 (the

4、situation here)。 又如: i cant stand it (= this situation) any longer! hows it (= your life, work, etc.) going? he is fifty, but he doesn t look it.(fifty years old )it 还可以指 已知的或暗含的事实或情况，例如：5the parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共

5、11 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -before they can move in. ( 2002.全国.25 ) a. they b. it c. one d. which 在此指 买房之后的情况 。又如:she was frightened, but tried not to show it. 她非常恐惧 ,但竭力没有表现出来。二、it可在句子中作主语或宾语，用来代替一个名词，一个短语，一个分句或一个句子，以避免它们在句子中的重复。为了

6、避免句中作真正主语的动词不定式短语、动名词短语和名词性从句(一般都比较长 )置于句首时造成头重脚轻，习惯上用 it 作形式主语置于句首，指代后面的真正主语，使句子显得流畅,保持句子的平衡。 而且，作形式主语的代词只能用it ，不能用 that ，this 等词. it 作形式主语的用法1.it + be 形容词 (for sb./ sth) 动词不定式此句型中的形容词用来描述动词不定式所指代的事情的特点。相当于to do sth. is +adj+.for sb./ sth ，用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard ， difficult，possible ，important ， imp

7、ossible ， necessary ，good，bad，natural, safe, common, normal, dangerous, unusual, rare, pleasant等。6 is _ necessary to tell his father everything? (87) a. it b. that c. what d. he 7 is _ necessary to complete the design before national day? (89) a. this b. that c. it d. he8 is _ possible to fly to the

8、 moon in a spaceship? (88) a. now b. man c. that d. it 2.it+ be 形容词 of sb 动词不定式此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, clever, brave, silly, foolish, stupid, polite, impolite, rude, friendly, careless, cruel, honest ,lazy, modest, naughty, selfish, wrong, right , 等。这个句型可以改写为：sb. is +adj.+

9、to do sth. 3.it + be 名词 (for sb./ sth) 动词不定式用于此句型的名词有：a pity, a shame, a pleasure, a great joy, a waste of time, one s turn, one s duty, one s job, fun, good manners, bad manners等。例如： it is our duty to serve the people. 4.it+ be 形容词 / 名词 doing sth 此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no / little use, no / much good, no

10、/ 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -much harm, no / a wonder, useless, senseless, dangerous, enjoyable, worthwhile 等。如：it is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。9 _ felt funny watching m

11、yself on tv. a. one b. this c. it d. that 5.it + 谓语+名词从句 (主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句) it 作形式主语 , that从句作真正主语 ,常见的句型有 : it + be + 形容词 (obvious, true, , surprising, wonderful, funny, , likely, certain, probable, etc.) + that it + be + 形容词 (important necessary, right, possible strange , natural.) that sb. (should

12、) do sth. it + be + 名词词组 (no wonder, an honor, a good thing, no surprise, a fact, a pleasure, a surprise, an honor, a pity, common sense etc.)+ that10 _is a fact that english is being accepted as an international language( 1995.37 ) a. there b. this c. that d. it 11the foreign minister said ,“ _ our

13、 hope that the two sides will work towards peace .” ( 2004.北京.24 ) a. this is b. there is c. that is d. it is 12he hasn t slept at all for three days. _he is tired out.( 2005.湖北.30 ) athere is no point bthere is no need cit is no wonder dit is no way 13_is our belief that improvements in health care

14、 will lead to a stronger and more prosperous economy. （2006 高考浙江卷 4）a.as b. that c. this d. it it+ be +过去分词 ( said ,reported, believed, declared, expected, supposed, hoped, accepted, stated, acknowledged, recognized, mentioned, proved. shown, announced, arranged, observed, proposed, regarded, consid

15、ered, thought, learned, well known, pointed out,.) + that 14it has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.(上海 36) a. if b. because c. when d. that 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p

16、d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -15it is often that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. （09 全国 ii.6 ）a. said b. to say c. saying d. being said it+ be+ 过去分词 (suggested, ordered, demanded, requested . ) that sb. (should) do sth. it 不及物动词(seems, happens, appears,

17、occurs) that 或 it looks ( seems )+ as if . 另外，常见的句型还有： it is not settled / has not been decided / is still unknown/ it makes no difference + whether it doesn t matter whether .如：it depends on the weather whether we will go. 16 does _ matter if he can t finish the job on time? (91) a. thisb. thatc. h

18、ed. it it 作形式宾语的用法由作形式宾语，真正的宾语后置的固定句式有下面几个类型：1主语+谓语+it+形容词 / 名词+动词不定式 / 从句17 i dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (90) a. this b. that c. its d. it 18 you should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again (1999.18) a. when b. where c. then d. t

19、here 19. the chairman thought necessary to invite professor smith to speak at the meeting . ( 2005.全国 ii卷.35 ) athat bit cthis dhim 20 he didn t make _clear when and where the meeting would be held. （2007 高考天津卷 1）a. this b. that c. it d. these 21as the busiest woman in norton. she made _her duty to

20、look after all the other people s affairs in that town. （06 高考湖南 26 ）this b. that c. one d. it 2主语 +谓语+it+从句在 i like / love / enjoy / hate it when这个结构中 ,it 是形式宾语 ,真正的宾语是 when 从句所描述的某种情形。值得注意的是,这 种情况与我们所熟悉的 it 作形式宾语的复合 结构是不同的 ,因为在它之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 11 页

21、 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -足语。又如: i hate it when you cant discuss things openly. i like it that everyone passed the exam. 22 i hate _when people talk with their mouths full.(1998.8) a. it b. that c. these d. them 23 i like _ in the aut

22、umn when the weather is clear and bright. ( 2004. 全国.27 ) a. this b. that c. it d. one 24 i d appreciate _if you would like to teac h me how to use the computer. （2006 山东 24）a. that b. it c. this d. you 3主语 +谓语+介词+it+从句如：i ll see to it that （注意做到） everything is ready in time. can i depend on it（相信）

23、that this won t take place again? 4主语 +谓语+it+介词短语 +从句i took it for granted that they were not coming. 三it 可用于强调结构 , 构成句型： its +被强调部分 +that/ who+句子的其他部分。如果被强调部分是人,既可用 that又可用 who, 其余的全部用 that 。这一句型也可用于一般疑问句、 否定句或特殊疑问句。 其特点是 :去掉 it is(was)及 that (who)后,在不添词、不减词的前提下能重新构成一个意义完整的句子。例如：25was it during the

24、 second world war_ he died?(88)a. thatb. whilec. in which d. then26it was not _ she took off her glasses _ i realized she was a famous film star. (92) a. when , that b. until , that c. until , that d. when , then27it was about 600 years ago_ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (19

25、97.25 ) a. that b. until c. before d. when 28 it was not until 1920_regular radio broadcasts began. ( 1995.33 ) a. while b. which c. that d. since 29it was only when i reread this poems recently _ i began to appreciate their beauty. a. until b. thatc. then d. so (97) 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - -

26、- - - - - - 第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -30it is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are. a. one b. thatc. whatd. it (2000) 31why! i have nothing to confess. _you want me to say?(2004.上海.43

27、) a. what is it that b. what it is that c. how is it that d. how it is that 32i just wonder _that makes him so excited. （2006 高考山东卷32）a.why it does b.what he does c.how it is d.what it is 33he got his first book published. it turned out to be a bestseller. when was _? _ was in 2000 when he was still

28、 in college. a. that; this b. this; it c. it; this d. that; it 34it was not until midnight they reached the camp site. （08重庆卷 22）a. that b. when c. while d. as 容易与强调结构混淆的固定句型：it is the first time ( that ) sb. have / has done sth. it was the first time ( that ) sb. had done sth. 该句型中 that 引导定语从句，修饰先行

29、词the first(second)time, 译为：这是某人第一（二 ）次做某事。例如： it is the first time ( that ) i have been here. it was the first time ( that )i had visited the place. it is ( high / about ) time ( that ) sb. did / should do sth. 该句型中that 引导虚拟定语从句，修饰先行词time ，意思是：某人早该做某事了。it is high time (that ) he went to school . it

30、is / has been + 时间段 + since sb. did sth. it was+ 时间段 + since sb. had done sth. 若 since 从句中的谓语动词是终止性动词，表示“ 自某人做某事以来已经多久了” ；若从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词，则表示“ 自某人不做某事以来已经多久了” 。例如：it is10 years since we left our hometown. 自我们离开家乡已经10年了。精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料

31、可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -it is10years since we lived in that village. 自我们不住在那个村庄已经10年了。35that was really a splendid evening. it s years _ i enjoyed myself so much. ( 2005.全国 i 卷.29 ) a. when b. that c. before d. since 36it is almost five years_we saw each ot

32、her last time. （2005 北京春季 .23）a.before b.since c.after d.when it is+ 时间段名词 + before . 此句型若为肯定句，意指“ 过了多久才 ”， 若为否定句，则是指 “ 没过多久就 ”例如： it will be hours before he arrives here.几小时以后他才会到这儿。it was not long before they drove the enemy from their homeland. 没多久他们就把敌人从他们的国土上赶跑了。37scientists say it may be five

33、or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. ( 2004.福建.31 ) a. since b. after c. bef ore d. when 38it was some time _ we realized the truth. ( 2005.山东.24 ) a. when b. until c. since d. before 39how long do you think it will be _china sends a manned spaceship to the moon? pe

34、rhaps two or three years. （2006 福建卷 25）when b. until c. that d. before 40it _long before we _ the result of the experiment （2002年上海春）awill not be ；will know bis；will know cwill not be ；know dis；know it is + 时间名词 + whenit was 8 o clock when he came back. （定语从句）it is + 时间状语 +that it was 3 years ago th

35、at he joined the army.（强调结构）it is + 地点名词 + whereit is the place where i was born.（定语从句）it is + 地点状语 + that 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -it was in the place that i came to know him.（

36、强调结构）四替代词 it, that与 one 的区 别it表特指，替代前文中出现过的同一名词；替代前文中出现过的同类名词时，用 that和 one。that表特指，相当于 “the+ 名词 ” ，可代替单数可数名词或不可数名词（只指物不指人），one 用于泛指，相当于 “a/an+名词” ，只代替单数可数名词（可表示人也可表示物）。i hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have_.( 1995.22 ) a. it b. those c. them d. one -why dont we take a little break?

37、-didnt we just have _? ( 2000.23) ait bthat cone dthis meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _i will always treasure. (2002.全国.35) a. that b. one c. it d. what meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ i will always treasure. （2002. 35 ）a. th

38、at b. one c. it d. what we needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. so peter made _ from some wood we had. ( 2004.广西.24 ) a. it b. one c. himself d. another cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. (2005江西卷 ) aone bones cit dthose we ve been looking at th

39、e houses but haven t found _ we like yet. （2005 浙江卷） aone bones cit dthem i prefer a flat in inverness to _in perth, because i want to live near my mom s. （2005 天津卷）a. one b. that c. it d. this 1 admired the painting, and ed said he would like me to have _ as a gift from him. (08 高考延考区 .6) a. one b.

40、 it c. this d. some i like this house with a beautiful garden in front. but i don t have 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -enough money to buy . （09 四川）a. one b. it c. this d. that 五it 对

41、关系代词 as 的干扰_is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. ( 2002.全国.34 ) a. it b. as c. that d. what _ is reported in the newspapers , talks between the two countries are making progress. ( 2004.北京.34 ) a.it b. as c. that d what 以上两题考察了 as 引导的定语从句 ,若选 that, 句子应分别为：it is k

42、nown to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. it is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress. 六it 对关系代词 which 的干扰carol said the work would be done by october, _ personally i doubt very much. (nmet 1999) a. it b. that c. when d. w

43、hich 此题中 which 引导非限制性定语从句 ,代指主句的整个内容。若用it, 则该句为: carol said the work would be done by october, but personally i doubt it very much. 又如： toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didnt help. (93) a. he b. which c. she d. it the doctor advised vera strongly that she should take a

44、holiday, but _ didn t help. ( 2005全国 iii卷 13 ) ait bshe cwhich dhe 七it 对 there be句型的干扰_ no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled. (91) a. it has b. there has c. it is d. there is _ is no possibility _ bob can win the first prize in the match. ( 2001. 上海.春.35 ) 精品

45、学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -a. there that b. it that c. there whether d. it whether常见的 there be句型有：there is no doubt that / of 毫无疑问there is no need to do /for 没有必要there is no denying

46、无可否认there is no hurry about 无需慌张there is no difficulty in方面没困难there is no difference between没区别there is no possibility that/ of 没可能there is no room for 没有 余地there is no sense in 是无意义的there was a time when 曾经有一段时间 there is no chance that/ of 没有 的机 会八其它含有 it 的常见句式和短语：it takes sb. . to do sth. if it had not been for若要不是it remains to be seen / proved that有待于观察证明例如： having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _whether they will enjoy it.( 2002.全国.32 ) a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen it turned out / so fell out that最终结果是，终于it is up to sb. to do sth. 该由某人做