同义替换：阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征

1、研习专页I高考英语阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征：同义转化同义转化是高考英语阅读理解正确答案的最强特征，这种同义转化关联在传统的阅读理解题型中是答对每一道题目的关键，所以考生应花相当的精力积累同义词汇、表达，对于高考阅读获取高分具有举 足轻重的意义。同义转化实则是英语语篇的一种语言特征和规律即语 言复现现象。它广泛地体现在英语语篇中的各个角落如语篇中的同义 结构（详见本书P22页的同义、反义结构示例”部分）、题干和原文 的同义转化关系、正确答案和原文的同义转化关系。甚至书面表达部分也要用到 同义转化”，书面表达有一条重要的评分细则就是语言的 多样化和丰富性，实际上就是 同义转化”的体现。以下我们

2、专门辑录 了 2014年高考英语阅读理解真题原文与题干 +正确选项构成同义转 化关系的实例，供大家慢慢体会。（注：囿于图书篇幅限制，仅列举 很小一部分以飨读者。）1. 原文：In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations UNESCO and National Geographic among them- have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect. （2014新课

3、标全国卷I D篇）题干 + 正确选项：Many scholars are making efforts to rescue disappearing languages. （2014 新课标全国卷 I 32）对应关系： Many scholars=scholar§ making efforts to=In an effort to;rescue=prevent documenting； disappearing languages=language lossdying languages; are making （现在进行时）时态对应have. beendocumenting!（现在

4、完成进行时）2. 原文： The behaviour of a building s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre （UKERC）.But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own though extremely important is not enough to

5、achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too（. 2014 湖南 卷 C 篇）题干 +正确选项：As to energy use, the new research from UKERCstresses the importance of the behaviour of building users（. 2014 湖南卷 66）对应关系： energy use=energy us；e the new research from UKERC=new resear

6、ch from the UK Energy Research Centre （UKERC）、 this report； stresses=accordingto、 shows； the importance= as important as； the behaviour of building users=The behaviour of a building ussers、 thebehaviour of the people using the building3. 原文： Feedback （反馈 ） facilities, like smart meters and energy mo

7、nitors， could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use.（2014 湖 南卷 C 篇）题干 +正确选项：The information gap in energy use can be bridged byfeedback facilities.（ 2014 湖南卷69） 对应关系： The information gap=this information gap； energy use=

8、energy use; can be bridged by （被动）=could help bridge （主动）；feedback facilities=Feedback facilities4. 原文： The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid we simply weigh too much, and

9、all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.（ 2014 重庆卷 C 篇）题干 +正确选项： Walking on water hasn't become a reality mainly because humans have biological limitations（. 2014 重庆卷44）对 应 关 系 ： Walking on water=walk on water ； hasn't bec

10、ome a reality=prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing； humans=humans； biological limitations=biological facts5. 原文： It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. （ 2014 重庆卷 E 篇）题干 +正确选项：According to the passage, personalities and attitud

11、es arecommonly believed to determine one's behavio（r. 2014 重庆卷52）对应关系： personalities and attitudes=their personalities and attitude；s are commonly believed to= It's generally believed that ； determine one's behavio（r determine 暗示因果关系）=people act the way they do becauseof （because of暗示因果关

12、系）6. 原文： All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things. （ 2014 江西卷 D 篇）题干 +正确选项：According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit peoplewhen they are willing to accept technology and advance st

13、eadily.（ 2014 江西卷 70）对应关系：progress=All these； benefit people=remains true .in so far aspeople； when=only ； they are willing to=people want to ； accept technology=accept technology； advance steadily=move forward7. 原文： As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater c

14、oncern than energy policy（. 2014 福建卷E 篇）题干 +正确选项：We can learn from the first paragraph that energy policycatches much attention of the public. （2014 福建卷72）对应关系： energy policy=energy policy； catches much attention of the public=few issues causegreater concern （greater暗示比较级）8. 原文： Supporters insist th

15、at wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU（ European Union） targets for non-carbon energy generation（. 2014 福建卷 E 篇）题干 +正确选项：Supporters think that the expansion of wind poweragrees with EU targets for non-carbon energy generation（

16、. 2014 福建卷 73）对应关系： Supporters think that=Supporters insist tha；t the expansion of wind power=wind ； agrees with=meeting ； EU targets=EU （ EuropeanUnion） targets； for non-carbon energy generation=for non-carbon energy generation9. 原文： The findings may impact how we understand the formation of cultur

17、e in societies through social learning. （ 2014 湖北卷 C 篇）题干 +正确选项：Dr. Carter s findings indicate that our culture might beformed through learning from each other. （ 2014 湖北卷 62 篇）对应关系： Dr. Carter fisndings=The findings ； our culture=culture in societies; might be （暗示可能性语气）=may （暗示可能性语气）；be formed=the

18、formation of ； learning from each other= social learning10. 原文： If we always reproduced what was there before, we would allstill be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky ch

19、oice（. 2014 安徽卷 D 篇）题干 +正确选项： By “ movethings forward ” in the last paragraph,the author probably means“choose new architectural styles. （ 2014” 安徽卷70）对 应 关 系 ： choose new architectural styles=argue against copying previous architectural styles、 choose something fresh and different11. 原文： As the res

20、ult of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.（ 2014广东卷 D 篇）题干 +正确选项：Ebbesmeyer is most famous for phoning about anydoubtful objects on the sea. （ 2014 广东卷44）对应关系： Ebbesmeyer is most famous for=Ebbesmeyer ha

21、s become known as； phoning about= call with questions about； any doubtful objects=any unusual objects； on the sea=found floating in the ocean 12. 原文： It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the s

22、ignificance of seasons,the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. （ 2014 天津卷 D 篇）题干 +正确选项：The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove thatwalking in nature helps enrich one . （20s4i®d卷 53）对应关系：Henry Thoreau=Henry Thoreau； walking in nature=going onfoot、 walking ； helps enri

23、ch one s=smhionwded mankind the richness、 learn.13. 原文： To reach our goal of losing weight the output, we needto control what we eat the input （输入 ）. That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construct goals.（2014北京卷C篇）题干 +正确选项：The writer thinks tha

24、t setting weight loss as a goal is amistake because it is focused too much on the result（. 2014 北京卷63）对应关系： setting weight loss as a goal=To reach our goal of losing weight； a mistake=a bad way to construct goal；s is focusedtoo much onthe result （too much 暗示比较级） =we tend to care about the outpubut n

25、ot to control the input （but not to 暗示比较级）14. 原文： In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition "depending on who needs it". （2014 辽宁卷 C 篇）题干 + 正确选项： The underlined sentence "the opposite is true" in Paragr

26、aph 2 probably means that trees depend on each oth er2 014 辽宁 卷29）对应关系：the opposite is true=the opposite is true trees depend on each other=trees survive through their co-operation and support=passing around necessary nutrition "depending on who needs it"15. 原文： But your primary concern is

27、 to let them know they are valued. （2014四川卷A篇）题干 + 正确选项： The volunteers' primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities to realize their own importance. （2014 四 JI卷 33）对应关系：The volunteers' primary responsibility=your primary concern;is to=is to; people with learning disa

28、bilities=them; realize their own importance=know they are valued16. 原文： Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someones time or money could be better spent on something else. （2014 江苏卷 B 篇）题干 +正确选项：According to the passage, the conce

29、pt of “opportunitycost” is applied to weighing the choice of opportunities. （2014 江苏卷 58）对应关系： the concept of “opportunity cost” =the concept of opportunity cost； is applied to=refers to ； weighing the choice of opportunities（ weighing 暗示比较级）=whether. could be better.（ be better 暗示比较级）17. 原文： In con

30、temporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels （决斗 ） as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person s awarenessof insulting behaviour on the part of another.（2014江苏卷C篇）题干 +正确选项：The “duels” exa

31、mple in Paragraph 2 proves that theexpression of anger is socially and culturally shaped.（ 2014江苏卷 61） 对应关系： The “duels” example=duels； the expression of anger=physical expressions of anger； socially and culturally shaped=are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated18. 原文： Some nigh

32、ts, in order to taste my victory more completely, I cheated. I would stop at the most exciting part of a story by Jack London or Bret Harte, and without warning tell them that that was as far as I had gone in the book and it would have to be continued the following evening.It was not true, of course

33、; but I had to make certain of my new-found power and position. （ 2014 浙江卷 D 篇）题干 +正确选项： Sometimes the writer stopped at the most exciting partof a story to experience more joy of achievement.（ 2014 浙江卷 59）对应关系： Sometimes=Some nights； the writer stopped=I would stop；at the most exciting part of a st

34、ory=at the most exciting part of a story ； experience more joy of achievement（ more 暗示比较级） =taste myvictory more completely（ more 暗示比较级） 、 make certain of my new-found power and position19. 原文： For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.（ 2014 上海卷A 篇）题干+正确选项：A plover protects its young from a predator bypretending to be injured. （ 2014 上海卷66）