15羧酸及衍生物的化学性质

1、cohocoorhhorhohccrcoohoh2rcooh3o-+karcooh3orcooh=+ - rcoohh2co3ohh2orohrcchnh3酸性增强coohcoohnaohcoonacoohcoonacoonanaoh草酸氢钠草酸钠rooroorooc-1/2-1/2-cchoohc0.120nm0.134nmclch2coohclchcoohclclccoohclcl2.861.260.64hcoohch3coohch3ch2coohch3ch2ch2cooh3.774.744.874.82ch3ch2chcoohclch3chch2coohclch2ch2chcoohcl2

2、.844.064.52fch2coohclch2coohbrch2coohich2cooh2.662.862.863.12coohohoocoohohc1/2-1/2-coohcoohno2coohno2coohch3abcd2rco hom go(r c o o )2m gh2orcoohnaohrcoonah2o溶于水，遇酸还原为原来的羧酸碱金属盐rcoohna2co3rcoonah2oco2rcohopcl5rcoclcohorp2o5oh2rcocororoh-h2orcoornh3rconh2酰卤()酸酐加热酯酰胺酰基酰基rcoohrcoohp2o5rcocroorcoonaclco

3、rrcocroonaclcoohcoohccooo邻苯二甲酸酐rcoohso2cl2rcoclso2hcl76c0bprcoohrcoclhclpcl5pocl3162c0rcoohrcoclpcl375c033h3po3rcoohhor浓h2so4rcoroh2o有机酸酯rcoohh+rcohohrohrcohoho rhrcoh2ohorh2orcorohh+rcoorcoohcoohrohcoorcoohrohcoorcoorrcoohnh3rcoonh4h2orconh2h2orcn腈羧酸铵盐rcnh2orconh2h2orcoonh4ch3chchcoohlialh4ch3chchc

4、h2oh分子中的双键不受影响ch3coonanaoh(cao)ch4na2co3ch3ccaoch3coooch3coch3caco3ch3coch2coohch3coch3co2+加热+加热+加热+coohcooh150c0co2hcoohch2coohcoohco2ch3coohch2ch2cohocohocoocoh2o丁二酸酐（琥珀酸酐）ch2ch2co o hch2co o hoccooc h2c h2co hoco hoc h2c h2oc o2h2ob a(o h )2ch2ch2cohocohoch2ch2h2cba(oh)2oco2h2och2coohcl2ch2coohcl

5、2chcoohcl3ccoohcl2cl2hclpppch3coohch2coohohch3ch2coohch3chcoohch2ch2coohohoh4.763.854.873.864.51rchoohohrchoohohrchooorchoccccchchohohrohchchoohrc稀 oh-h+稀或cchchohohrohchchoohrc稀 oh-h+稀或cch2oohch2ch2ohoocch2ch2oohch2ch2ohoocho(ch2)ncooho(ch2)ncoohhoh2+m(m-1)rchcoohohrchohcoohrchoco2oh2kmno4r2coohcooh

6、2h2so4kmno4h2so4+稀co2oh2kmno4r2ccoohohoh+r2co+rchcoohbrrchohcoohoh2h2so4rch2coohbr2prchcoohoh+稀oh-co2kmno4rchch2coohohrcch2coohorcch3ooh-rcxorcoorcoorcnh2ocror.rolrolnuc+nu-：c：-rolnuronulc：-c：+：-rcclorcocorcoorcnh2oorrhohrcoohclhrcoohrohnh3+rolrohlh+hohrohloh2rohloh2roohhlh+c+：c+c+cc：+rolrollroohoho

7、hohroooh2c+-：c：-：-c：-c-+rcoohh+rcohohrohrcohoho rhrcoh2ohorh2orcorohh+rcoorrcclorcocorcoorcnh2oorrhorrcoclhrcoohrohnh3or+c25h51cooc26h53c2h5ohc2h5onac25h51cooc2h5c26h53oh+c25h51cooc26h53c2h5ohc2h5onac25h51cooc2h5c26h53oh+ooohch3clocloch3oocc+ccrcclorcocorcooorrhnh2rconh4clrcoonh4rohnh2+rcnh2onh3rnh2

8、r2nhrconhrrconr2过量过量+rcclormgxcclromgxr -mgxclrcrooh2rrrohrcrormgxcromgxrr c+rcorormgxcorromgxr -mgxclrcrooh2rrrohrcrormgxcromgxrr c+mgich3och2coch2cooch3ococh2ch2cooh+41%rclocrocroroclialh4rrrch2ohch2ohch2ohrohrcoo+2rnh2ocrnhrocrnr2ocrrrch2ch2ch2nh2nhnr2rlialh4rcnhoh.ch3cnh2onach3cnhnaoh+1/22乙醚ch3c

9、nh2oclhch3cnh2oclh+.ch2cnhoch2cokohch2cnkoch2cooh2+无水 乙 醇+ch3(ch2)4cnh2osocl2ch3(ch2)4cnso2clhc6h5cnh2op2o5c6h5cnh3po4+加热+2约86+加热+约73rcnh2obr2naohrnh2nabrna2co3oh2+4+22rcnh2obr2naohrnh2nabrna2co3oh2+4+22rch2cooc2h5hchrcooc2h5c2h5narch2chrcooc2h5coc2h5oh+ 酮式95烯醇式7 .5%(与na反应，与溴的四氯化碳溶液反应，三氯化铁显色）ch3coch

10、2cooc2h5cohchcoc2h5och3乙酰乙酸乙酯的脱羧乙酰乙酸乙酯的脱羧 乙酰乙酸是乙酰乙酸是酮酸的代表，在低温下稳定，室温以上，酮酸的代表，在低温下稳定，室温以上，即失羧而成酮即失羧而成酮这是这是酮酸的共性。酮酸的共性。ch3cch2coohoch3cch3o+co2ch3coch2cooc2h5clch2coohnaohclch2coonanacnch2coonacnc2h5ohh2so4ch2cooc2h5cooc2h5丙二酸二乙酯的丙二酸二乙酯的clch2coohnaohclch2coonanacnch2coonacnc2h5ohh2so4ch2cooc2h5cooc2h5clch2coohnaohclch2coonanacnch2coonacnc2h5ohh2so4ch2cooc2h5cooc2h5clch2coohnaohclch2coonanacnch2coonacnc2h5ohh2so4ch2cooc2h5cooc2h5丙二酸二乙酯的丙二酸二乙酯的ch2(cooc2h5)2c2h5o nana ch(cooc2h5)2c2h5ohna ch(cooc