牛津高中英语Module-5-unit-1-语法

1、unit 1 module 5grammar and usageto-infinitive and verb-ing form as a nounpart 1 to-infinitivestep i revision:l review the basic sentence elements (s=subject, p=predicate, o=object, oc = object complement, adv=adverbial, att= attribute, predicative)1 i was watching an english programme at 8 oclock ye

2、sterday.2. the london 2012 olympic games are exciting3.1 lost my history book4. he made the room clean and tidyii. fill in the blanks with proper forms of the verbs in the brackets and tell which sentence element each part is.1) i was shocked(find) a piece of paper on my desk that said, u气)2) afterw

3、ards, i pretended(be) cheerful.()3) i begged her not(tell) anyone else.()4) he accused me of some really bad things just(hurt) me.()5) i dislike seeing our team(lose).()6) i cannot help wondering if he wants peter(be) his best friend instead of me.()7) she wants(embarrass) vou in public()8) it seems

4、 vou need(apologize) quickly(avoid) losing ci good friend()9) one of you has to be the first(admit) thatit was a mistake.()10) shouting at him just made him(feel) worse.()11) dont let a small disagreement(destroy) your friendship()step ii the usage of to-infinitive1 as a subject(1) to lose heart mea

5、ns failure. =(2) to get there by bike will take us half an hou匚=当不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句子后面保持句子的平衡 practice:用it做形式主语改写下列句子。1) to take good care of the old is our duty. =2) to be a good teacher requires patience. =3) to finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. = it作形式主语,不定式作真主语常见句型：a) it is

6、+ adj. (easy, imports nt, difficult.) + to dob) it is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one's duty, a shame.) + to doc) it takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience.) + to do it is + difficult/ hard / necessary/ possible/ impossible/ easy / important /.+sb. to do sth.it is + kind/

7、polite/ foolish/ stupid/ patient / rude/ generous/ +sb. to do sth.2. as an object1) i need(睡眠 8 小时)every night.2) he promise.(答应不告诉任何人这件事。)3) when the teacher came in, he pretended(正在读 书)4) we agreed.(同意在这里见面，但是到现在为止还没有露面)5) he can't afford(买不起一辆车。)6) we manage.(设法及时赶到了机场)7) he refused(拒不承认有问题存在

8、to buy a car可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，如复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后句式：主语 + find/ believe/ consider/ feel/ think/ make+it+adj. / n. +to do1) we thinkquite importantus(learn) a foreign language well.2) he feelshis dutythe poo匚3) he dreamt that the olympics would makepossible for people of all countri

9、es(live) side by side inpeace. 介词but后面可以跟不定式作宾语1) we have no choice but(wait).2) he wants to do nothing but(go) out.3) he wants to believe anything but(take) the medicine.疑问词(who, what, when等)+带to的不定式结构可作动词宾语。和这结构连用的动词(词组)有 find out, decide, know, tell, understand, wonder 等。1) i don't know(如何与 同

10、学相处).2) we haven51 decided.(什么时候开始)3 as an object complement通常这样的动词用在以下的结构里:常用谓语动词有:1) would you like me(give) your regards to mary?2) we don't allow(smoke) in our classroom3) he didnt allow his son(play) computer games4 ) who taught you(play) the piano?5) we all believe him(他很诚实).6) you may dep

11、end on them(get) there early.7) the party calls on us(increase) production8) would you please help me(fill) in the tax form?4. as an attribute通常情况下不定式做定语，放在所修饰中心词的后面做后置定语1. 不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系.如是不及物动词，则需加介词.与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句 屮其它词z间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，不定式用主动语态.如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上 的主谓关系，则需用被动语态1) i have a lot o

12、f homework(要做)2) 1 have no one(讲话)3) “ do you have any paper"(要打吗)？ asked the typist.2. 不定式与被修饰的名词有主谓关系.1) the next train(arrive) is from washington.2) one of you should be the first(admit) the mistake.3) in this country, she is the first woman(make) president.3.不定式常跟在以下名词后作定语1) my(参观美国的愿望)amer

13、ica came true at last.2) can you think of(解决问题的 方法)the problem?3) he has no(留在这儿的打算).4) though he is a green hand, he has the(管理能力)the company.5) the(建一所医院的 计划)has been cancelled.practice:(1) i haven't got a chair. a. to sitb. for to sit on c. to sit on d for sitting(2) when i handed the report

14、to john, he said that george was the person_.a.to sendb.for sending itc.to send it to d.for sending it to(3) let's find a boxa. for us to put the box in it b. to put the books in c to put the books in itd. to put the books(4) because of air pollution being reduced, this city is stilla a good pla

15、ce for living b. lived as a good place c. a good place to live in d living in as a good place(5) columbus was the firstthe new continent.a. to have discovered b to discover c. discoveringd having discovered5. as a predictive当不定式充当表语的时候，表示具体动作或是将来要发生的动作1) . my wish is(be) a doctor.2) what she wants t

16、o do is(tell) you a secret.3) his plan is(go) abroad and continue his studies.4) to be kind to the enemy is(be) cruel to the people5) my chief purpose is(point out) the difficulties of the matter.6) what i will suggest(put off) the meeting7) now the only thing we can do is(wait).6. as adverbial不定式可以

17、作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等。1) , he works very hard.(为 了上大学)2) tm.(我够愚蠢的以至于相信他的话。)3) the room is(太小了以至于容纳不了 100个人° )4) in 1935, he left home,.(再也没有回來)5) the mother was.(看到他儿子在学校与其他学生相处很好感到很满意)不定式表示结果常用句型：practice:1) . the news reporters hurried to the airport, onlythe film stars had left.a to tell b. to be

18、 told c- telling d. told2) he hurried to the station onlythat the train had left.a. to findb. finding c. foundd. to have found3) tom lifted a rock onlyit his own feet.a. to drop; onb. drop; to c dropping; downd. dropped; on7. 作插入语用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子解释，如：坦白地说 确实 更糟糕的是老实说首先最后step iii bare infinitive1

19、.使役动词let, have, make后a. the boss made the employeesten hours a day.b i will let youmy computer tomorrowc. the teacher had her studentsthe work within five minutes2. 感官动词 see, watch, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel。3. would rather, had better ,why not句型后1) i doivt like the film. i(宁愿呆在

20、家里).practice：1) i hear someone sing a song in the classroom (改为被动句)2) they make students do too much homework every day.(改为被动句)3) i would rather(go) swimming.4) you had better(tidy) your bedroom.5) why not(visit) your cousin in japan?4. 当两个不定式and, or, expect, but, than或rather than连接起来时，第二个不定式符号省略。1)

21、 she told me(be) cheerful and(look) on the bright side.2) we had nothing(do) but (watch) tv.3) i forgot to turn off the lights andthe door when i leftstep iv.不定式的时态与语态active voicepassive voicebase formperfectformcontinuousformpractice:1) when i spoke to him, he pretended(look) for something here and

22、 there.2) he looked tired. he seemed (work) all night.3) charles babbage is generally considered(invent) the first computer.4) he ordered the man(go) there at once5) the book sell well and is said to(translate) into many languages.6) this sentence is easy(understand).7) i can't go out with you t

23、oday, as i have a lot of clothes(wash).8) /4have you any clothes(wash) today?” asked the maid (女佣).9) . i found the chair comfortable(sit).10) i think the question difficult(answer).11) . it's i who am(blame)module 5 unit 1 grammarpart 2 verb-ing foim as a nounstep i revision1 fill in the blanks

24、 with the proper forms of the verbs in the brackets.1) we both started(shout) at each other and it turned into a horrible argument.2) i dislike(see) our team lose.3) i cant help(wonder) if he wants to be his best friend instead of me.4) it seems you need to apologize quickly to avoid(lose) a good fr

25、iend5) (go) to a british high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.6) firefighters could use realcine to train safely, without the risk of(injure) in a burningbuilding.7) teachers could bring history alive by(place) students in an ancient town.8) the(swim) pool wil

26、l be open next sunday.9) his job is(teach).step ii the usage of verb-ing as a noun1 subject of a sentence1) is good for your health2) information is very important to businessmen. (collect)3) it's no use/good(argue) with him.4) it is great fun(sail) a boat.5) sarah(fail) in the simple maths quiz

27、 made her upset and ashamed2. object of a sentence1) 动词后宾语 he enjoys(play) the piano.2) 介词后宾语 he is fond of(watch) football games. 动名词前的介词有时可以省略，女口： have difficulty (in) doing, have no trouble (in) doing, prevent/stop . (from) doing, spend time (in) doing sth. be busy(in) doing sth. 等。在等动词以及动词短语后，必须

28、用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。he is devoted to(look) after the disabled children.please pay attention to(protect) our environment.we're looking forward to(see) you soon.3) .动词need, want, require作“盅要"之意时，deserve其后跟动名词作它的宾语时，主动形式表达被动含义, 或不定式的被动式。he has done well in the test and deserves(praise).the car need

29、s/ wants/ requires(repair).3. 有些短语后既可跟动名词也可跟不定式意义无太大区别。eg.4. 有些短语后既可跟动名词也可跟不定式意义有区别eg-1) we must try(finish) the work on time.2) let's try(work) out the maths problem in another way.3) he forgot(tell) me the news. so i didn't know4) he forgot(tell) me the news he told me again.5) i regret(mi

30、ss) such a good chance.6) i regret(say) that i can't lend you so much money.7) doing like that means(cheat).8) i didn't mean(hurt) your feeling that day.5. 动名词的复合结构。当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。如 动名词复合结构作宾语，也可以在动名词前加名词或代词的宾格。1) (他来)lo help encouraged us a lot.2) do you mind(我

31、打开)the window?3) (mathew 不认真踢球)caused his team to lose the match.4) there is no(赢比赛的可能性)step iii. v-ing as a noun 的时态和语态active voicepassive voicebase formperfectformpractice:1. (1) he insisted on(join) the army.(2) he forgot(promise) to write things for us.(3) the house showed no sign of(damage).(4) he won，t come without(invite).(5) many children are afraid of(blame) for making mistakes in speaking englishstep iv. consolidation practice for grammar part.1 fill in the blanks with proper forms of the