虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实(李振华)

1、再说虚拟语气 漳县一中李振华关键词：语气是动词的一种形式，虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，表示说话人的主观原望，假设或推测等。为了方便记忆，可归纳为一种定语从句，两种目的状语从句，三种随时变化句，四种名词性从句，五种特殊句。 1 Its time that 这一结构引导的定语从句谓语动词一般用“过去时”。意思是该干身什么的时候了，含有建议的意思。 Its about time that we ate lunch. Its time we went to bed. Its high time we studied English.Time 前用about 和high 表示强调2 目的状

2、语从句So that ,in order that Our teacher spoke slowly so that we could hear clearly.The man saved as much as he could in order that he might buy a car of his own.3 三种随时变化句。即if条件句，wish 引导的宾语从句和as if 引导的状语从句。总是把语气表现的时态往前推一步。即：用一般过去时表示一般现在时，过去完成时表示一般过去时，过去将来时表示一般将来时。 If 条件句 If Iwere you ,I would give an A

3、IDS patient a hug.（现在 )If my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time .（过去 )If it rained/were to rain/should rain, the crops would be saved( 将来 )此外，应注意：If 条见句中若含有should ,had , were时，可省略if,把这些词置于句首，形成虚拟语气的倒装条件句。Were he here, he would give me a hand.Had I had time last night, I could have gon

4、e to Bei Jing.* 含蓄条件句：有时 并非由if 引导，而由with without otherwise but for or 来代替if . Without water, there would be no living things.（没有水的话，就没有活着的生物）But for your help , we couldnt have succeeded . （要是没有你的帮助，我不会成功）* 混和条件句从句和主句的动作不是同一时间，两部分动词应作相应的调整。If you had followed my advice, you would be better nowIf he

5、had set out earlier , he would be home now .* 虚实错综句同一句子，既有虚拟语气，又有陈述语气。Einstain could have been very rich but he cared little for money .有时真实条件句没有虚拟含义，不要误用。If it rains tomorrow I think I will be abcent the class. Wish 引导的宾从，发生在现在用过去，对将来的虚拟用would,could,might+ 动词原形，对过去的期望用过去完成时。She wished that she had

6、married you last year.I wish I weren t going to school.I wish I would see him tomorrow .此外，应注意：在It is wished that clause 以及wish 作为名词时后面的表语或同位语从句中，使用虚拟语气。It is wished that he had not made the mistake. 他要是没有犯此错误该有多好。My wish is that I got one hundred in the English exam.我多么希望在语考试中得百分。If only 相当于wish ，因

7、此谓语动词的变化与wish 的相同，翻译为“要是就好了”。If only he had a sence of humour .If onlf you had stayed with us last night . As if or as though 引导的状语从句。其时态变化与wish 相同。They talked as if they had been good friends for years.His face looked pale as if he had been ill.次外，需注意：表示较大真实性时要用陈述语气。It looks as if the stadium is co

8、vered by a grey net of steel.4.四种名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。用在此结构中，Itsnecessary natural,important, strange 以及insisted,suggested,ordered,desiredthat谓语动词用should+V 或省略should.It is important that the president should not be absent today .It is desired that he carry out his plan.It is ordered that you no

9、t smoke here.用在宾语从句中：一坚持insist,二命令order,command,三建议advise,propose,suggest,四要求ask,demand, request,require 等动词后的宾语从句。He suggested that the meeting be put off till next weekend.* 需注意：如insist 表示坚决认为，suggest 意为暗示，表明，用陈述语气。Her pale face suggested that she was ill, so I suggested that she go to see a dorct

10、or.Idea ,plan 以及表示坚持，命令，建议，要求等词的同源的名词时，如，insistence,suggestion,order,proposal, demand.My suggestion is that we should hold a class meeting.上述同源名词的同位语从句。The office gave an order that his soldiers should fight back bravely. 在表语从句中的用法从句以that 引导, 主句的主语为表示命令, 建议,计划等的名词, 从句的谓语为should be 型或be 型虚拟形式, 如:The

11、doctors advice is that the patient (should) be kept quiet.Our suggestion is that you (should) be the first to go.5 五种特殊句。 would rather/would prefer/would sooner+clause,与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用过去时，与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。I would rather you had been here yesterday.我真希望你昨天在场。 expect,guess,hope, mean,plan suppose,think,

12、want,wish等动词把时态往前推一步或接动词不定时完成时可表示不切实际的想法或未能实现的愿望。I had hoped to stay home but I had to attend an important meeting.我本打算呆在家的，不料要参加一个重要的会。 情态动词+完成时，表示“本应该”，“本能够”，“本可已”，“本不必”等含义。He might have caught the train.（表示对过去事情的肯定猜测，语气较弱）他也许着雨了。He must have gone home.（. 表示对过去事情的肯定猜测 ，语气较强）他一定回家了。You could have been more careful in the exam. 在这次考试当中， 你本能够更仔细的You should have worked harder.（你本该更努力的。）Service was included in the bill, so you need not have tipped the waiter ,It was a waste of time. （费用包括在帐单里，所以你本不必给服务员付小费，那是浪费钱。 even if even though 有时也可用虚拟语气，其结构跟if 条一件句相同。Even if he had b