初三英语现在完成时全解

1、初三英语现在完成时全解语法专题：现在完成时和初中时态小结a. 读故事，悟语法 现在完成时的理解【you have lost your whole life.】once a learned man was in a boat. he was going to cross the river.“do you know math” he asked the boating man. “no, sir,” the boatman answered.“then you have lost one quarter of your life,” said the learned man.“do you kn

2、ow history” he asked again. “no, sir,” said the boatman.“then you have lost half of your life,” said the learned man.“do you know painting” he continued. “i dont know that, either,” said the boatman.“then you have lost three quarters of your life.”just then a strong wind came and turned the boat ups

3、ide down.“do you know how to swim” asked the boatman. “no,” answered the learned man.“well then,” said the boatman, “you have lost your whole life.”【a birthday present】helen: mum, im going to send you a present for your birthday mum: thanks, dear! what is it?helen: a nice teapot. mum: but ive got a

4、nice teapot.helen: no, you havent. ive just broken it!【a terrible tennis player】when alan was young, he played football a lot, and he was very good at it, but then he went and worked in a town, and there was no team for him there, so he stopped playing. then he began to get fat, so he thought, “ive

5、stopped playing football, and now im getting fat. what am i going to do” he thought about it for a few days, and then he said to himself, “i know ill play tennis.” he had a few lessons, and then played for a few days. he met a nice girl at the tennis club one day, and they played a game of tennis ag

6、ainst another man and woman. alan played very badly, and was very angry with himself. “ive never played as badly as this before,” he said to the girl.“oh,” she said. “you have played before, havent you” 【i didnt want to walk home.】mrs. browns old grandfather lived with her and her husband. every mor

7、ning he went for a walk in the park and came home at half past twelve for his lunch. but one morning a police car stopped outside mrs. browns house at twelve oclock, and two policemen helped mr. brown to get out. one of them said to mrs. brown, “the poor old gentleman lost his way in the park and te

8、lephoned to us for help, so we sent a car to bring him home.” mrs. brown was very surprised, but she thanked the policemen and they left. “but, grandfather,” she then said, “you have been to that park nearly every day for twenty years. how did you lose your way there” the old man smiled, closed one

9、eye and said, “i didnt quite lose my way. i just got tired and i didnt want to walk home.”【everything will soon be all right.】an old man died and left his son a lot of money. but the son was a foolish young man, and he quickly ran out of all the money, so that soon he had nothing left. of course, wh

10、en that happened, all his friends left him. when he was quite poor and alone, he went to see nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles. “my money has finished and my friends have gone,” said the young man. “what will happen to me now” “dont worry, young

11、 man,” answered nasreddin. “everything will soon be all right again. wait, and you will soon feel much happier.” the young man was very glad. “am i going to get rich again then” he asked nasreddin. “no, i didnt mean that,” said the old man. “i meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to

12、having no friends.”【how many lights are there?】in england nobody under the age of eighteen is allowed to drink in a public bar. mr. thompson used to go to a bar near his house quite often, but he never took his son, tom, because he was too young. then when tom had his eighteenth birthday, mr. thomps

13、on took him to his usual bar for the first time.they drank for half an hour, and then mr. thompson said to his son, “now, tom, i want to teach you a useful lesson. you must always be careful not to drink too much. and how do you know when youve had enough well, ill tell you. do you see those two lig

14、hts at the end of the bar when they seem to have become four, youve had enough and should go home.” “but, dad,” said tom, “i can only see one light at the end of the bar.”b. 现在完成时时态解析1. 现在完成时的含义基本格式: i/we/they have done he/she/it has done （1）表示已经/曾经做过了某事（“已经”/“曾经”）：动作已完成，不再持续。 i have done/finished m

15、y homework already.he has been to beijing (three times).（2）表示持续（“已经”）：一个动作（或开始的状态）开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或者可能还要继续下去（也可能到此结束）。he has been/lived in jining since 10 years ago / for 10 years.（3）表示影响或结果（“已经”）：一个过去发生的动作已经完成，并且对现在仍有影响或产生了结果。he has left jining already. = he has been away from jining already.he h

16、as gone to beijing. 2. 现在完成时表示的时间范畴 2019-12-31 2018-12-31 2027-12-313. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（1）he lived in jining for ten years. he has lived in jining for ten years. （2）i saw him 10 years ago. i have seen him 10 years before.i havent seen him for 10 years.（3）she had her breakfast yesterday morning. she ha

17、s had her breakfast already. （4）he was in jining last year. he has been in jining since last year.4. 现在完成时的标志词解析already yet just ever never recently these dayssince since 10 years agoever since thenforfor 10 yearsfor a long timeup to now so fartill nowin the past/last few years/months/weeks once / t

18、wice / three times / a couple of times / several times / many times5. 延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，而且这个动作是可以延续下去的或产生持久影响的。如stay, live, learn, study, work, wait, watch, sing, read等。非延续性动词也称短暂性动词、瞬间动词或终止性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, leave, get to, move,

19、 borrow, buy, die, finish等。现在完成时常跟表示一段时间的时间状语，如for +一段时间、since +时间点、during the past/last+一段时间等，因此谓语必须是一种状态或表示延续性的动作，也就是延续性动词及其短语，或表示状态的词或短语。非延续性动词及其短语的肯定形式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，而否定形式就可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为否定本身就是可以延续的，如：she hasnt heard from her sister for two weeks. hear from是“收到的来信”的意思，是短暂性动词短语，但其否定形式时则表示一种可以持续

20、的状态（没有收到信的状态），因此可以跟表示一段时间的状语连用。 he died 10 years ago. he _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. he borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. he _ _ the book for 2 weeks. he bought the motorbike a month ago. he _ _ the motorbike for a month. he arrived here three days ago. he _ _ here since three days ago. th

21、ey turned off the light 2 hours ago. the light _ _ _ for 2 hours.they turned on the light 2 hours ago. the light _ _ _ for 2 hours. the film began 30 minutes ago. the film _ _ _ for 30 minutes. he left here 2 years ago. he _ _ _ from here for 2 years. they opened the door an hour ago. the door _ _ _

22、 for an hour.they closed the door an hour ago. the door _ _ _ for an hour. he joined the army last year.he _ _ _ the army for a year. = he _ _ _ _ for a year.= it _ _ a year since he joined the army. = it _ a year since he joined the army. c. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1. he lived in jining for ten years. he has

23、 lived in jining for ten years. 2. i saw him 10 years ago. i have seen him 10 years before.i havent seen him for 10 years.3. she had her breakfast yesterday morning. she has had her breakfast already. d. 初中所要求的时态小结一般过去时过去进行时一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时（现在完成进行时）一般将来时e. 综合时态对照理解和练习1. 我每天做家庭作业。他每天做家庭作业。你每天做家庭作业吗？2.

24、 我现在正在做家庭作业。他现在正在做家庭作业。 他们现在正在做家庭作业。你（们）现在正在做家庭作业吗3.（1）我明天要做家庭作业。你明天要做家庭作业吗（2）我打算明天做家庭作业。他打算明天做家庭作业。4. 我昨天做了家庭作业。你昨天做家庭作业了吗5. 我昨天晚上9:00正在做家庭作业。他们昨天这个时候正在做家庭作业。你昨天这个时候正在做家庭作业吗6. 我已经做完了家庭作业。她已经做完了家庭作业。你已经做完家庭作业了吗f. 常用不规则动词变化表aaa型 cost（花费）cost cost cut（切，割）cut cut hit（碰撞）hit hit let（让）let let put（放）put

25、 put read（读）read read hurt（伤害）hurt hurt set（日落）set set shut（关闭）shut shutaab型 beat（揍，打败）beat beatenaba型 run（跑）ran run come（来）came come become（变成）became becomeabb型 dig（挖）dug dug hold（举行，举办，掌握）held held win（赢）won wonhave/has（有）had had make（制造）made made catch（抓住）caught caughthear（听见）heard heard meet（遇见）

26、met met teach（教）taught taughtkeep（保持）kept kept feed（喂）fed fed bring（带来）brought broughtsleep（睡）slept slept lend（借出）lent lent buy（买）bought boughtsweep（扫）swept swept send（传送) sent sent think（想）thought thoughtfeel（感觉）felt felt spend（花费）spent spent fight（战斗）fought foughtshoot（射击）shot shot build（建设）built

27、built seek（寻找）sought soughtleave（离开）left left mean（意思是）meant meant sell（卖）sold soldlose（丢失）lost lost deal（处理）dealt dealt tell（告诉）told toldsay（说）said said stand（站）stood stood spit（吐痰）spat spatpay（付）paid paid understand（明白）understood understood sit（坐）sat satlay（下蛋）laid laid light（点燃）lit lit find（找到）fo

28、und foundlearn（学习）learnt/learned learnt/learned found（建立）founded foundedshine（照耀）shone/shined shone/shined smell（闻）smelled/smelt smelled/smeltdream（做梦）dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed burn（燃烧）burned/burnt burned/burnthang（悬挂）hung hung stick（刺，戳）stuck stuckhang（吊死）hanged hanged dig（挖，掘）dug dugabc型 lie（平躺）lay  lainlie（说谎）lied lieddo（做）did done go（去）went goneblow（吹）blew blown begin（开始）began begun drive（驾驶）drove driventhrow（扔）threw thrown