高三英语非谓语动词

1、非谓语动词一，什么是非谓语？在英语句子中，动词有两类，一类是谓语动词，另一类是非谓语动词，例如i work 一 句中，work是谓语动词，如果把句子改成i want to work .句子中的谓语动词则变成了 want, 而to work就是非谓语动词。非谓语有三种形式： 动词不定式，分词（现在分词，过去分词），动名词一。分词：分为现在分词和过去分词，在句子中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。区别：在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表 示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。如： falling leavesfalle

2、n leaves二，分词的作用：1, 做定语；1, 单个分词作定语，分词前置。 例句； the sleeping boy is my son.the excited people rushed into the buildinga lost opportunity never returns. he is a retired worker.2, 分词短语作定语，分词后置，分词修饰不定代词something等要后置，个别分 词如give,left等作定语也后置。例句： the girl standing under the tree is my niecethe building built l

3、ast year is our library this is the question given.3, 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。彳列句：most of the people invited to the party were famous scienists.应用：1 the first textbook for teaching english as a foreignlanguage came out in the 16lh centurya.have writtenb.to be written c. being writtend.writ

4、ten2. what's the languagein germany?a.speakingb.spokenc.be spokend.to speak3. prices of daily goodsthrough a computer can be lower than storeprices.a.are boughtb.boughtc.been boughtd.buying4. when i got back home i saw a message pinned to the doorsorry tomiss you,will call later.a.readb.readsc.t

5、o readd.reading2. 作状语：现在分词和过去分词在句子中可以作时间，原因，方式，伴随，条件，结果 等状语。not receiving any letter from him. i gave him a call.as i didn't receive any letter from him, i gave him a call.given more attention, the trees could have grown bette匚if more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.应用：som

6、e officials, napoleon inspected his army.a.followedb.followed byc.being followed d.having been followedthere was a terrible noisethe sudden burst of light.a.followedb.followingc.to be followedd.being followed, liquids can be changed into gasesa.heating,b.to be heating c.heatedd,heat难点：选择现在分词还是选择过去分词

7、，关键看主句的主语，如分词的动作是由主句 的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之，就用过去分词。例句： being used for a long time,the book looks old.using the book, i find it useful.分词做状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主 格结构，即在分词前面加上他的逻辑主语，现在分词的完成吋主要用于状语。一般不用做定 语。when, the museum will be open to the public next yea匚a.completedb.completingc.being completed

8、 d.to be completedsuch heavy pollution already, the river becomes dead water.a.having sufferedb.suffering c, to sufferd.suffered3. 做定语。现在分词作表语多用于主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。the film is touchingthe glass is broken.4, 做宾语补足语。分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或者使役动词后面做宾语补足语。 i smell something burning i heard him singing th

9、e song i heard my name called.5.做插入语。其结构式固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。talking of/ speaking ofjudging fromtaking all things into considerationgenerally speakingstrictly speakingall things considered重点:分词的时态：a long speech for the1. 与主语动词同吋 例句： arriving there, they found the boy dead the secretary worked late in

10、to the night-president.a.to prepare b.preparing c.prepared d.was preparing2. 先于主语动词：分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done.iin： having finished his homework,he went out for a walk.after he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.a reply,he decided to write again.a.not receivingbreceiving n

11、ot c.not having received d.having notreceived分词的语态：1.通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。he is the man giving giving you the bookshe is the girl who was stopped by the car.不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生，像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up,escaped, faded, returned.例句；a retired persona fallen balla burnt-out match二，动名词动名词具有动词和

12、名词的特征，在句子屮作主语，表语，宾语和定语。1. 做主语：谓语动词用单数，it代替动名词作主语，常用于如下结构：it is no using doing例句；it's no good waiting here.seeing is believing.2. 作宾语：i enjoy listening to music.只能接动名词作宾语的动词：admit advise risk appreciate, envy, avoid, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, forgive, understand, give up, imag

13、ine, keep, mind, miss, practice, put off, resist, suggestcan't help can't stand, devote to, look forward to, stick to, be used to, object to, be busy, feel like be surprised at, be proud of, succeed in, be afraid of, give up只能接不定式作宾语的动词；happen, offer, promise, agree, refuse, decide, determin

14、e, pretend, fail, learn, wish, hope, expect, afford接动名词和不定式均可的：接动名词和不定式意义不一样的：in some parts of london, missing a bus meansfor another hour.a.waiting b.to waitingc.waitd.to be waitingneed ,require, want作需要讲，deserve值得，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动，be worth也有类似用法。3, 作表语；此时的动名词可以和主语调换位置。my hobby is collecting stamps.her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the child.3. 作定语；动名词作定语，一般表示用途，如a waiting room, an operating room, 难点：现在分词作定语表示动作，它与所修饰的名词之i、可存在逻辑上的主胃关系, 可改为一个定语从句。如果是单数，放在被修饰名词之前，为短语，放在名词之后。a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleepin