必修五unit1 语法

1、This is a polluted river.（过去分词作定语）（过去分词作定语）It is a flooded village.Grammar一、过去分词作一、过去分词作 定语定语1、构成构成: v +ed 或不规则的变化动词或不规则的变化动词 2. 过去分词本身的含义过去分词本身的含义: 不及物动词不及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示动作的完成的过去分词作定语，表示动作的完成 fallen leaves 落叶落叶 returned students 归国留学生归国留学生 newly-arrived visitors 新到的客人新到的客人 及物动词及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动及动作的完

2、的过去分词作定语，表示被动及动作的完成。成。 the cold boiled water 冷开水冷开水 a developed country3.位置：位置：单个过去分词作前置定语单个过去分词作前置定语 : a recently-built house home-grown vegetables man-made fibers 过去分词过去分词短语短语作后置定语，表示作后置定语，表示被动和或被动和或完成完成意义意义。 I like wearing clothes made of this kind of clothThe books written by Lu Xun are popular=

3、 a heart which is broken= a trip which is organized过去分词作前置定语还是后置定语，都可转换过去分词作前置定语还是后置定语，都可转换为为一个对应的定语从句一个对应的定语从句。 the girl dressed in white =the girl who is dressed in white the book written by Luxun =the book which is written by Luxun 过去分词修饰过去分词修饰 something, everything, something, everything, anythi

4、ng, nothing, somebody, nobodyanything, nothing, somebody, nobody等等不定代词或指示代词不定代词或指示代词thosethose时，要放在这些时，要放在这些词的词的后面后面。He is one of those invited. Nothing reported in the newspaper will interest him.Is there anything unsolved?1. He visited the bridge built last year.2. The bridge to be built next year

5、 will be very large.3. Have you noticed the bridge being built now?4. 动词的动词的过去分词过去分词，不定式不定式和和动词动词-ing的被的被动形式动形式 在句中都可做定语，表达被动的含义，在句中都可做定语，表达被动的含义，但但时间意义上不同。时间意义上不同。二、过去分词作表语二、过去分词作表语1 1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括的状态，其前的系动词有包括bebe在内的多种在内的多种形式。形式。 e.g.：Everyone present is very

6、inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。你似乎受了惊吓。 Some problems still Some problems still remainedremained unsolvedunsolved. . be动词和系动词动词和系动词1、be 动词动词2、表示变化的动词、表示变化的动词:become, get, turn, go, grow等等3、感官动词、感官动词:look, feel, smell, taste, sound等等4、还有、还有 st

7、ay, keep, remain, turn out 等等（）作表语的（）作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。（）被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句（）被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟by短语。短语。 2、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别： The glass is broken. Our classroom is crowded The glass was broken by Jack.

8、 The windows were closed by Tom last night.现在分词与过去分词他们的区别现在分词与过去分词他们的区别1.语态上语态上现在分词现在分词: 表示主动的动作表示主动的动作过去分词过去分词: 表示已经被动的动作表示已经被动的动作2.时间上时间上现在分词现在分词: 表示正在进行的动作表示正在进行的动作过去分词过去分词: 表示完成的意思表示完成的意思I heard someone opening the door .I heard the door opened . the falling leaves the fallen leaves boiling wate

9、r boiled water the rising sun the risen sun 3. 现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的主语的特征、特性特征、特性。 过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的主语的心理感受或状态心理感受或状态。 The news is exciting. We were excited to hear it. 总结总结过去分词和过去分词和V-ingV-ing形式形式的区别的区别: : 表主动的，进行的，表主动的，进行的， 表特征表特征-含有含有“令人令人”之意之意 表被动的，完成的，表被动的，完成的， 表

10、状态表状态-含有含有“感到感到”之意之意 amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; astonishing, astonished等。等。 英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：1. A. Nobody was in the story he told. B. The story he told was very . ( i

11、nterested, interesting )2. A. Everybody was to hear the news. B. The news is very indeed. ( excited, exciting )3. A. The result of the test was rather . B. He was very at the result of the test. ( disappointed, disappointing )4. A. What he said was very . B. I was very at the sight. ( amused, amusin

12、g )Fill in the blank with proper words.Fill in the blank with proper erestedinterestingexcitedexcitingdisappointingdisappointedamusingamusedSum up 1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B

13、。此处考查过去分词作后置。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，定语，3M3M与与knowknow之间是被动关系，故用过之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。去分词表示被动。2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded高考链接A解析：答案解析：答案A A。此处考查过去分词作后置。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，定语，discdisc与与recordrecord之间是被

14、动关系，故之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。用过去分词表示。3. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known高考链接D解析：答案解析：答案D D。knowknow与与wordswords，expressionsexpressions，phrasesphrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。被动。4. The flower

15、s _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此处为现在分词作定语，。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰修饰flowersflowers。smellsmell为系动词，不能用于为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于被动语态，相当于which/that smells which/that smells sweetsweet。2. The girl who is dres

16、sed in red is Kellys long-lost friend.= The girl _ is Kellys long-lost friend.练习一练习一 句型转换句型转换1.A thief stole the goat that was tired to the tree.=A thief stole the goat _ to the tree.tiredtireddressed in reddressed in red3. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt

17、.= The castle, _ _, was never rebuilt. burnt down in burnt down in the sixteenth centurythe sixteenth century4. Father beat the son who was lost in the online games. =Father beat the son _ in the online games. lostlost5. The project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in on

18、ly 2 year. = The project, _ _, was constructed in only 2 year. designed by the designed by the chinese engineerschinese engineers练习二练习二 单句改错单句改错1.They were all amusing at what he said.2.He was very exciting to hear the news that their team had won.3.The situation was a bit discouraged.4.Two pages in

19、 this dictionary are missed.5.Your mother is quite worrying about your stare of health.1.As is known to us all, traveling is _, but we often feel _ when we are back from travels. A. interesting; tiredB. interested; tiringC. interesting; tiringD. interested; tired A A练习三练习三 单选单选2. Hearing the _ news,

20、 we all felt _. A. encouraging, encouraging, B. encouraged, encouraged C. encouraged, encouraging D. encouraging, encouragedD D3. From the dates _ on the gold coin, it is confirmed that was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been markedB B4. The _ look in her

21、 face suggested that she _ it before.A. surprising, wouldnt knowB. surprised, hadnt knownC. surprising, hadnt knownD. surprised, shouldnt knowB B5. The picture writing _ long long ago is hard for us to understand today.A. having been drawn B. being drawnC. was drawn D. drawnD D6. The man _ there is

22、my uncle. A. seat B. seating C. to seat D. seatedD D7. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. written D. being writtenC CPractice 1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices

23、. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying2. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settledBC3. Dont use words, expressions or phrase _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 4. When I got back, I saw a message to the door “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.” A. pin, read B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading D. pinned, readDC5、A boy Jack won the game. A boy himself Jack won the game. A. calling B. calledA6、Most of the ar