学术英语(社科)Unit 9

1、学术英语学术英语 社科社科Academic English for Social Sciences9 9Globalization in Political ScienceIn Unit 5, globalization is mentioned as a recent trend in the development of culture and is defined from a sociologists point of view. Globalization is also the buzzword in political science nowadays. In this unit

2、 we are going to see how political scientists define globalization, how their perspective is different from sociologists, and more importantly, what the difference implies about the way we acquire knowledge.Unit 9Globalization in Political Science Unit ContentsText AText BListeningWritingLead-inSpea

3、kingText C Lead-inUnit 9Globalization in Political Science Lead-inUnit 9Globalization in Political Science In Unit 5, globalization is mentioned as the recent trend in the development of culture and the term is defined from a sociologists point of view. Globalization is also the buzzword in politica

4、l science nowadays. In this unit we are going to see how political scientists define globalization, how their perspective is different from sociologists, and more importantly, what the difference implies about the way we acquire knowledge. Text ACritical reading and thinking Difficult sentences Engl

5、ish language for academic purpose Collocations Signpost language Formal EnglishUnit 9Globalization in Political Science Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text AText AnalysisArgument: The worlds people can build on commonplace interactions and increasing cultural commonalities to create a global

6、 civil society that might evolve into a global nation.Unit 9Globalization in Political Science Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text AText AnalysisCultural amalgamation: a process in which two or more cultures are combinedEvidence of cultural amalgamation:Chinese tunic suits Western-style busi

7、ness suitsMore people wear jeans, T-shirts, sneakers.Young people everywhere listen to the same music.big Macs, fries, milk shakes, etc.Unit 9Globalization in Political Science Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text AText AnalysisCaution: A great deal of what is becoming world culture is Wester

8、n.Unit 9Globalization in Political Science Two important aspects of converging culture1. Language-English 1)world language / lingua francae.g. working language in UN; Leaders of countries speak English (President Hamid Karzai of Afghanistan; UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon)Text ACritical reading an

9、d thinking of Text A Text Analysis 2) Modern communications are one factor driving the spread of English. e.g. The vast majority of what is available on the Internet has been and remains in English.3) Business needs also promote the global growth of English.2. Consumer products-another major factor

10、in narrowing cultural gaps e.g. American movies; American style dress Unit 9Globalization in Political Science Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text AText AnalysisConclusion: There is a distinct and important intermingling and amalgamation of cultures under way.Views on consequences of cultura

11、l amalgamation:1) Welcome it as a positive force that will bring people and political units together. 2) See it as a danger to desirable diversity.Unit 9Globalization in Political Science Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text AText Analysis What is the authors attitude toward cultural amalgama

12、tion (one-world culture)? How do you know? What is your view on cultural amalgamation?Unit 9Globalization in Political Science Text ADifficult sentencesDo the paraphrasing task on page 180.Unit 9Globalization in Political Science CollocationsText AEnglish language for academic purpose Do Task 1 on p

13、age 182.Unit 9Globalization in Political Science Signpost languageText AEnglish language for academic purposeTransitional language:Transitional language is a word or expression that shows how the meaning of one sentence is related to that of the preceding sentence. It helps to create a smooth flow o

14、f writing.Do Task 2 on page 183.Unit 9Globalization in Political Science Text A2English language for academic purposeFormal EnglishDo Task 3 on page 183.Unit 9Globalization in Political Science Text ACritical reading and thinkingTask 1 Text A discusses cultural globalization what brings globalizatio

15、n in turn brings about changes in our daily life. Complete the summary of Text A.Suggested answersUnit 9Globalization in Political Science Globalization has changed the face of our lives. Western, especially (1) _ such as fast food, NBA, Hollywood films has come to dominate the world. Two obvious fa

16、ctors that have greatly boosted globalization are transportation and (2) _ . Apart from these two factors, (3) _ and popular consumer goods have also narrowed the gap between cultures.American pop culture communicationEnglish languageText ACritical reading and thinkingTask 1 Text A discusses cultura

17、l globalization what brings globalization in turn brings about changes in our daily life. Complete the summary of Text A.Suggested answersUnit 9Globalization in Political Science The results of globalization can be much deeper than amalgamation of culture. Some predict that the differences between p

18、eople might reduce to such an extent that there is one global civil (4) _. Moreover, (5) _ state might disappear and global (6) _might form. The real impact of globalization is yet to see. Some argue that it can bring people together while others are worried that it might pose a threat to (7) _.soci

19、etyterritorialschemes of governancediversityText ACritical reading and thinkingTask 2 Read the tips about paraphrasing, and then paraphrase the following sentences.Suggested answersUnit 9Globalization in Political Science 1 Analyzing the blurring of cultural differences inevitably includes a great d

20、eal about fast food, basketball, rock music, and other such aspects of pop culture.2 Such analysis does not trivialize the subject.The analysis on how the cultural differences are disappearing always seems to lead to those aspects of pop culture such as fast food, basketball, rock music etc.Such ana

21、lysis does not render the subject less important.Text ACritical reading and thinkingTask 2 Read the tips about paraphrasing, and then paraphrase the following sentences.Suggested answersUnit 9Globalization in Political Science 3 The worlds people can build on commonplace interactions and increasing

22、cultural commonalities that engender familiarity with and confidence in one another to create a global civil society that might evolve into a global nation.People in the world can know each other and trust each other increasingly better through frequent interactions and through what their cultures s

23、hare in common. This will ultimately lead to a global civil society, even a global nation.Text ACritical reading and thinkingTask 2 Read the tips about paraphrasing, and then paraphrase the following sentences.Suggested answersUnit 9Globalization in Political Science 4 Global schemes of governance c

24、ould conceivably form and supplement or supplant the territorial state.5 It is premature to talk of a world culture, and indeed that may never come.6 Nor does the preponderance of Western culture in the integration process mean that the flow is one way.It seems possible for global schemes of governa

25、nce to form, augment or completely replace the territorial state.It is too early to talk of a world culture, which in fact may never come true.The dominance of Western culture in the integration process does not mean that the cultural influence just goes in one direction. Text ACritical reading and

26、thinkingTask 3 Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.Suggested answers1 What is the authors opinion of “one-world culture”?2 What do you think of it?3 Do you think regional states might disappear when one-world culture becomes a reality? Why / Why not?Unit 9Globalization in Political Sci

27、ence Text ACritical reading and thinkingTask 4 Work in groups of 3-4 and discuss the following question.Suggested answersThe iPad and iPhone, the digital products developed by Apple Inc., have caused worldwide frenzy. How does globalization manifest itself in this phenomenon, especially in terms of

28、production and marketing?Unit 9Globalization in Political Science Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 1 Collocation1In Text A, there are quite a number of words that contain the meaning of “coming together”, some of which are listed in the following box. Complete the sentences with the c

29、orrect form of the words in the box, and also pay attention to the collocations.Unit 9Globalization in Political Science amalgamation blur commonality convergeintegration interchange intermingle1 It is not surprising, then, that a degree of cultural _ has occurred as improved transportation and comm

30、unication have brought people of various societies into ever-more-frequent contact.amalgamationLanguage building-upText ASuggested answersTask 1 CollocationUnit 9Globalization in Political Science 2 Analyzing the _ of cultural differences inevitably includes a great deal about fast food, basketball,

31、 rock music, and other such aspects of pop culture.3 Instead, a long-standing bottom-up line of political theory argues that the worlds people can build on commonplace interactions and increasing cultural _.4 Scholars who examine the bottom-up process of transnational _ look for evidence in such fac

32、tors as the flow of communications and commerce between countries.blurringcommonalitiesintegrationLanguage building-upText ASuggested answersTask 1 CollocationUnit 9Globalization in Political Science 5 One of the most important aspects of _ culture is English.6 The _ of popular consumer goods is ano

33、ther major factor in narrowing cultural gaps.7 To reemphasize the main point, there is a distinct and important _ and amalgamation of cultures under way.converginginterchangeinterminglingLanguage building-upText ASuggested answersTask 2 Signpost language2Look at the sentences below. Underline the tr

34、ansitional language in each sentence if there is any. Then number the sentences in the correct order to form a paragraph.463Unit 9Globalization in Political Science 1 His narrowly-educated counterpart, however, is rarely at ease with subjects ranging from music to philosophy to geology.2 The special

35、ly-trained student, in contrast, enters a position with knowledge that can be applied immediately.3 One of the major disputes in education today is the controversy over specialization and liberal arts.4 Each educational approach offers both advantages and disadvantages to students.5 For employment p

36、urposes, on the other hand, the liberal arts student usually must be trained for a special position once hired.6 The graduate of a liberal arts college can boast a familiarity with numerous academic disciplines.152Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 3 Formal English2Replace the underline

37、d words in the following sentences with the ones that are more daily-life.causereplaceUnit 9Globalization in Political Science 1 The worlds people can build on commonplace interactions and increasing cultural commonalities that engender familiarity with and confidence in one another.key:2 Then regio

38、nal and even global schemes of governance could conceivably form and supplement or supplant the territorial state.key:3 And whatever it means to our gastronomic future, Big Macs, fries, and milk shakes are consumed around the world.key:4 Nor does the preponderance of Western culture in the integrati

39、on process mean that the flow is one way.key:eatensuperiorityLanguage building-upText ASuggested answersTask 3 Formal English2Replace the underlined words in the following sentences with the ones that are more daily-life.talkobviousUnit 9Globalization in Political Science 5 President Hamid Karzai of

40、 Afghanistan and many other leaders of countries of international organizations converse in English.key:6 This is evident in differences among various age groups.key:7 There is a distinct and important intermingling and amalgamation of cultures under way.key:8 Others see transnational culture as a d

41、anger to desirable diversity.key:cleargood Text B Critical reading English language for academic purposeUnit 9Globalization in Political Science Specialized vocabulary and CollocationsText BCritical thinking and readingMain points with subheadingsText Analysis1. What is globalization?Unit 9Globaliza

42、tion in Political Science Factors influencing globalization2. Transnational corporations3. Positive impacts of globalization4. Negative impacts of globalizationText BCritical thinking and readingClassroom activitiesCompare the definition of globalization mentioned in this unit with those we have lea

43、rned in the previous units. What does this comparison imply about your learning method?Text AnalysisUnit 9Globalization in Political Science Specialized vocabulary and CollocationsText AEnglish language for academic purpose Unit 9Globalization in Political Science cultural amalgamation pop culture a

44、 global civil society evolve into achieve world-class excellence account forText BCritical reading and thinkingSuggested answersTask 1 Complete the table by writing down the main arguments of the pros and cons of globalization according to the text.Unit 9Globalization in Political Science ProsConsbr

45、inging investment, wealthThe interests of developing countries are sacrificed for the benefits of rich countries.Bringing jobs and skills for the localLocal companies are driven out of business.Improving education, health and infrastructurePolluting the environmentLowering standards of safety or wor

46、king conditionsOffering low wages to local workersExposing people to different ideas, experiences and lifestylesThreatening the worlds cultural diversityIncreasing awareness of events in far-away placesDeveloped countries are losing jobsAlerting people to global issuesText BCritical reading and thin

47、kingSuggested answersTask 2 Text B is written as a simple introduction of the concept of globalization for non-experts in this respect. Work in pairs, refer to the websites listed in the Reference of this unit. Then discuss the following questions. Unit 9Globalization in Political Science 1 What are

48、 the similarities and differences in the definitions of globalization provided by these sources?2 What does this comparison imply about your learning method?TipsBasically the point is to develop critical reading and thinking. Do not treat anything as THE correct or the last words. Remember there is

49、always an agenda behind any writing. Do not accept anything without questioning and independent thinking. Text BCritical reading and thinkingSuggested answersResearchingWork in groups of 4-5. Conduct a survey on how globalization is impacting China. Find out: Examples of globalization in China Benef

50、its and costs of globalization for China Whether benefits outweigh costs; why / why notSummarize your findings and report back to the class.Unit 9Globalization in Political Science Text CUnit 9Globalization in Political Science Text CSuggested answersTask Translate the first two paragraphs of Text C

51、 into Chinese.Unit 9Globalization in Political Science 20国集团财经部长和央行行长成立于1999年。集团成立的宗旨在于定期召集重要的已工业化的发达国家和发展中经济体讨论全球经济中的重要议题。二十集团创立大会于1999年十二月十五至十六日在柏林召开。大会由德国和加拿大财经部长主持。职权职权20国集团是为我们国际经济发展创立的主要的论坛。集团致力于促进工业化国家与新兴市场国家之间进行开放的，有建设性的讨论研究。讨论着重于如何保证全球经济稳定性的那些重要议题。20国集团加强了国际金融构架建设，为国家政策，国际合作，以及国际金融机构等议题提供了对

52、话机会，为全球增长、发展提供了支持。 Listening Writing out notes in full Listening tasksUnit 9Globalization in Political Science ListeningAcademic activitiesUnit 9Globalization in Political Science To make effective use of the notes you have taken down, here are some suggestions for you to bear in mind:1. Review note

53、s immediately after the lecture, seek the help of the lecturer or fellow students to clarify any points unclear.2. Be sure to leave enough space for future notes, comments or references.3. Tidy up the writing and fill in any missing parts.4. Clarify the implied meanings.5. Write a summary in your ow

54、n words.6. Organize and file your notes in a systematic way.7. Attach handouts to the notes.ListeningTask 1 Listen to a talk which describes two phases of globalization. Check ( ) which phase of globalization each description fits in. Some are shared by both phases. Listening tasksUnit 9Globalizatio

55、n in Political Science Late 19th century20th century to now1 a global money market2 immigration3 just academic debate4 technical change5 trading in currenciesSuggested answersListeningTask 2 Listen to the lecture again and note down the phrases that refer to the false hopes of globalization. Listeni

56、ng tasksUnit 9Globalization in Political Science the end of war, end of division, globally just societySuggested answersListeningTask 3 In the last part of the lecture the speaker is trying to correct what he thinks to be the wrong ideas about globalization. Decide whether the following statements a

57、re true ( T ) or false ( F ) about globalization. Listening tasks1 Globalization is just about the global market.2 Globalization is just about the financial market.3 Globalization is an economic matter.4 Globalization is triggered by global communication.FFFTUnit 9Globalization in Political Science

58、Task 4 Write a summary of the lecture. You may refer to what you have learned in Tasks 1-3.Suggested answers Speaking Tips for effective PowerPoint presentation Speaking tasksUnit 9Globalization in Political Science Speaking Unit 9Globalization in Political Science Speaking tasksSuggested answersTas

59、k 1 Work in pairs. Select one of your presentation project slides and improve it according to what you have just learned.Task 2 Work in groups of 4-5 and discuss about the following topic. Make a PowerPoint presentation on the topic and present it to the class.Is globalization a blessing or a curse

60、for the individual and the country? Writing Creating a reference list for your paper Writing tasksUnit 9Globalization in Political Science WritingSome common writing problemsUnit 9Globalization in Political Science Common problems Strategies Too much description, not enough analysis Poor structure l