KeytocreativereadingU

1、Unit ThreeWords to note4， 5， 3，1， 2Understanding the textPart A : True or FalseStatements1. One reason students like using the Web is that it helps them to buy things in a convenient way.2. Publishing on the Web is easier than publishing in the more traditional media.3. In using material found on th

2、e Web for academic purpose, you need to be prepared to take risks.4. You should be suspicious of a Web site which offers no contact details.5. You are the Web's quality control mechanism.TrueFalsePart B Interpretation1. b)2. d)3. a )4. b )Developing you skillsPart A : Structure of a passage (seq

3、uencing information ): further practiceIf no email address is given, carry out name searches using on-line catalogues. ( c )If the site is private, check it for author's biodata, affiliations and any means of contact.( b )If an email address is provided, examine it closely to establish whether i

4、t is institutional or individual and if still in doubt, contact the author directly. ( d )Examine the document itself to check it for compliance with academic conventions, tone and style, background information and knowledge of up-to-date research methods. ( e )1 / 8Check to find out if a site is in

5、stitutional or individual by looking for a logo, organization chart, mission statement etc. ( a )Part B: Structure of a passage ( paragraph insertion): further practice Insert the paragraph between the present paragraphs 1 and 2Part C: Structure of a passage ( paragraph reversal ): further practice

6、Paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 need to be reversed.Extending your vocabularyPart A : Word familiesdownloadprogrammeinterfaceemailICQvirusgamesExcelPart B: " Odd man out"a)atin onunder belownearofb)singtalkspeak shout whisper screamdancec)square circulartriangularsphericalrectangular hexagonal

7、d)dripsquirttrickle flowrun gushwalke)walkrunleap jumpjog stroll hophold“of”is the only one which does not indicate position/location.“dance”does not describe sound。 the other words are sounds made using the human voice.“spherical”describes a three-dimensional shape。 the others are two-dimensional.“

8、walk ”is never used to describe the movement of a liquid 。 the other words do so.“hold”describes a stable action, not a movement 。 the other words describe either horizontal or vertical movement.Expanding your creativityComparing the Web with traditional mediaWebTraditional Media2 / 8The Web gives a

9、ccess to a great amount of data and is easy to access in any location.It is possible to put any kind of material up on Web and reach a very large audience.Travel is necessary to visit libraries.Publishing companies select authors very carefully 。 books are reviewed by experts, and editors and book d

10、esigners make further improvements.There are no checks on material to be put up on Web and one result of this is the very large amount of pornography available.The content of TV, video and radio programmes is controlled by law to protect audience from bias, sex, violence and bad language.Unit FourWo

11、rds to note5, 8, 1, 6, 10, 4,2,7,9, 11, 3Understanding the textPart A: Author's attitude and purpose1. d) 2. c)Part B: Comprehension the text1. c) 2. d)3. c)4.d)5. a)Developing your skillsPart A: Recognising the theme of a paragraph: further practiceParagraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Paragraph 4Pa

12、ragraph 5Paragraph 6research into why some people live to be very olda gene for long life highly unlikelyaging cannot be preventedimproving life rather than making it longerthe protective function of the aging processnon-genetic factors in aging researchPart B : Responding to questions on the textQ2

13、A2. No, aging cannot be prevented but people who take dietary supplements ( especially those which destroy free radical molecules) may feel more energetic.Q3A3. Yes, because scientists believe that extending the human life span might well lead to serious negative effects.Q4A4.Yes, it is. The aging p

14、rocess is important in fighting cancer, because proteins which destroy cancer cells also cause aging.Q5A5. Yes, they arevery important. Research shows thathealthy food, low stress and an outdoor3 / 8lifestyle are best for long life.Part C: Contexts and implicationsEnglish Proverbs1. You are as old a

15、s you feel.Your feelings about yourself are very important 。 ninety-year-old people can feel and act like fifty year olds if they have the right attitude to life. Somebody might say this to cheer another person up or to encourage the person to feel betterabout himself or herself. The speaker probabl

16、y has an optimistic ( and young ) feeling about life. 2. Life begins at forty. Fortyisn't "old" , it's simply a "birth" into a new stage of life. It might be said to someone approaching his or her fortieth birthday. He orshe doesn't fear being forty, doesn't think

17、 forty is old, and thinks of "middle age" as being the beginning of an interesting stage of life when he or she can do new things.3. Nobody grows old by merely living a number of years。 people grow old by deserting their ideals. Years aren't important。 preserving youthful idealism is m

18、ore important. In a debate about the problems of aging ,for example. Youthful ideals should be kept throughout the whole of life 。 if you keep these ideals, you can stay young in your attitude.4. Youth looks forward but age looks back. Young people anticipate the future with pleasure。 older people r

19、eminisce about their youth. Perhaps in a situation when someone is reflecting seriously about life. It's a philosophical, analytical comment about attitudes.5. It's not how old you are, but how you are old. Age is not important。 your attitude towards your age and life in general is crucial.

20、In a situation to encourage somebody to be more optimistic towards life. The speaker is almost certainly optimistic。 the suggestion is that there are many ways to be old and some of them are good.6.He that in youth no virtue uses, in age all honor him refuses. Be virtuous when you are young if you w

21、ant respect later in life. Perhaps in a context where an older person wants to give friendly advice to a youngster when the younger person is wondering about the right course of action. The speaker sees a direct nkli between actions in youth and the consequences in later life.7. Young folk think old

22、 folk are fools, but old folk know young folk are fools. Youngsters only have opinions。 their elders know the truth through experience. Perhaps in a social setting where people from different generations are teasing each other. The speaker almost certainly belongs to the older generation and is conf

23、ident of his or her own superior knowledge.8. Old age doesn't seem so bad when you consider the alternative. The only alternative is to die-because you cannot become young again. As a joke or a humorous comment, perhaps after someone has said something negative about being old. He /She certainly

24、 views aging in a positive light.4 / 89. An old person loved is winter with flowers.(German ) An old person who is loved has an extra bonus because love brightens their life 。 old age is like the winter of a person's life, but winter also has its beautiful or bright aspects, like flowers. Perhap

25、s it would be said to an older person, to remind him /her of life's blessings. It's a comment reflecting both joy and sadness 。it recognizes that some old people enjoy the love of family,friends, neighbours,etc., but some are alone and lonely.10. Forty is the old age of youth, fifty is the y

26、outh of old age. ( French ) Young people see forty as old" , but older people see fifty as "young ". This is perhaps more likely to b e written rather than spoken -perhaps in an essay. The writer seems to have some optimism about being fifty. It is a reference to different perspective

27、s, different attitudes of various ages to "age ".11. Old age is not misery, experience helps.(Greek ) People may think that being o ld is a misery, but having the years of experience of old people helps you to live your life in a better way. An alternative interpretation is that it is not

28、simply old age which makes older people miserable, it is the accumulation of their experiences which make them miserable. The second interpretation is a rather wry joke. Perhaps either as a joke or as a serious (but pessimistic) comment on life, almost certainly made by an old person. It could refle

29、ct a humorous, philosophical, non-serious view 。or the opposite, a mournful cry.12. By living long we learn to live. (Italian ) Experience "living( long") teaches us how to live well. Again, perhaps it is more likely to be written than spoken. Experiences over many years are seen as blessi

30、ngs andbenefits.13. If one knew the value of youth, there would be little to lament in old age. (Turkish ) Enjoy your youth and make the most of the opportunities which come your way。 then, whenyou are older, you won't have any regrets that you wasted it. An older person- perhaps a parent- to a

31、younger people。 the comment also shows wryhumour by suggesting that themain preoccupation of older people is that they lament their lost youth. He / She sees youth as priceless and not tobe wasted.14. At twenty a person will be a peacock, at thirty a lion, at forty a camel, at fifty a snake, at sixt

32、y a dog, at seventy a monkey, and at eighty nothing at all. (Spanish ) The general meaning is that people change as they grow older. The specific meaning of eachstage depends on how people understand the metaphors of the animals (and this varies in different cultures). A likely Spanish interpretatio

33、n is: at twenty people are concerned with theirappearance,at thirty they are brave, at forty they carry heavy burdens, at fifty theytwist andturn and can't be trusted,at sixty they are loyal, at seventy they are wise, at eighty they are nothing. As it's rather long, it is more likely to be p

34、art of a written paper. Now it could be said by anybody at any stage but probably originally it was written by an older person. Perhaps it reflects a cynical attitude to the way people develop. Perhaps students might here be asked to explain what each of the different creatures at the various stages

35、 of life represent in Chinese or other cultures.15.Ebbtide has cometo me as to the sea,5 / 8Old age makes me bleed,Though I may sorrow over this,The tide returns happily. (Irish) The tide "ebbs " (i.e. its strength and power is lessened) and human beings get older and become less strong.Th

36、is makes "me" feel sad 。 but the sea is not sad because after it ebbs, the tide returns as strong as ever and other people are young and their tide is rising. Spoken or read in a poem. Perhaps said by someone who, though he/she feels sad, can rationalize and see that there is no reason to

37、be sad.Extending your vocabularySynonyms and word classesWordsWords from TextWord Class1.discovery ( paragraph 1)breakthroughnoun2.unexpectedly fast ( para.1)dramaticallyadverb3. additions to normal food intakedietary supplementsnoun( para. 1 )4. prolonged ( para.1 )extendedverb5.donewithoutactivepa

38、ssivelyadverbintervention ( para. 2 )6. getting (para.3 )contractingnoun (gerund )7. having no end ( para. 3 )eternaladjective8. improving ( para.4 )boostingnoun (gerund )9. usually ( para. 4 )normallyadverb10. leadingtodisagreementcontroversialadjective( para. 5 )Further informationParadoxes: We ag

39、e in order to live longerThe essential point for students to consider is that paradoxes express dilemmas, contradictions,uncertainties and ambiguities. Often paradoxes also give insights into the difficulties of life 。 they may express these difficulties with humour. Students may discuss the paradox

40、es in pairs - themain idea is to consider what they mean and to try to express the apparent contradictions. This is a useful and perhaps challenging task to think, through using English.The task does not necessarilyrequire anelaborategrammar or the use of complex grammar. It does require logicalandi

41、maginativethinkingandclear, perhaps simple, expression. Teachers may finditusefulto askstudents towork inpairs and choose differentparadoxes and write down theirthinkingandexplanations about them 。 later they can read their explanations (slowly) to the class, who mayjudge which is the explanation wh

42、ich best explores the paradox.Page 42The child is the father of the man.Childrengrow up tobecome adults and what happens inchildhood isvitally importantbecause adultsdevelopon the basis of theirchildhood. Just as achildinheritsgeneticcharacteristicsfromtheirparents, the stage ofearly childhoodfor an

43、individualis the social"inheritance" of each adult - this is the basis for the development of the rest of their life (whenthe child becomes "the man"). Parents have children who grow up。 however, children also growup to become parents, who have children in their turn who also bec

44、ome parents.6 / 8Bad is never good until worse happens.When something bad happens it is difficult to see anything good about it. But when somethingeven worse happens, what we thought was bad before doesn'tlook so bad afterall. Of course,what is "worse" may also seem not so bad when som

45、ething worse still happens! Our perceptions of what are bad or good events are relative to other events. Everything changes except change itself.Change is in everything. Only the law that everything changes does not change. On the other hand,if everything changes, this should include change itself(t

46、he nature of particular changes should change or even the very nature of change itself). If change changes then this must include no change,which would be a change from changing. If change does not change, then there is something to which the law of change does not apply - which means that not every

47、thing changes.All rules have exceptions, including this one.A rule is a general statement. It may include everything in its scope or it may have exceptions.The problem here is that if the rule is that "all rules have exceptions", then there are exceptions to the rule that "all rules h

48、ave exceptions": Does this mean that the rule isn't a rule or that the exception isn't an exception or that the exception to the rule that "all rules have exceptions" means that there are no exceptions, including the exception to the rule that "all rules have exceptions &

49、quot;.?A sadist is a person who is kind to a masochist.A sadist is someone who gets pleasure from hurting or being cruel to someone else. A masochist is someone who gets pleasure from being hurt. We expect the sadist to be nasty to others, including being nasty to the masochist. But the sadist knows

50、 that the masochist wants to be hurt,so being kind to the masochist (who expects to be hurt by the sadist) is a way for the sadist to get pleasure. The problem now is that the sadist is getting pleasure by not hurting someone (which means that the sadist isn't being a sadist). A second problem i

51、s that the masochist may be getting pleasure by anticipating being hurt (which he enjoys and looks forward to) and may therefore be getting pleasure from the kindness of the sadist(who, as the masochist knows, wants to hurt the masochist) because he anticipates being hurt by not being hurt yet (whic

52、h means that the masochist isn't being a masochist).Nothing is enough for the person to whom enough is too little.Some people are greedy. They want more than others. They want more than the amount which would satisfy others.(and be enough for them). So for the greedy person "enough" ( for others) is always too little (for the greedy one). So there is never "enough" and "nothing is enough" for the greedy person。 t