UnitWhatwouldyoudo2(00001)

1、unit4虚拟语气概念。虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望，意图，建议，惊奇，设想等未能实现的情况，以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。II.虚拟语气的特点：1、虚拟语气表达的是与客观现实相反的观念。2、虚拟语气常由一个表示条件的从句和一个主句构成。3、由于虚拟语气中条件从句中的条件是与客观事实相反，因此其主句的结论也只能是想象的，非真实的。4、虚拟语气的特点决定了它句中动词形式的使用与真实句中的动词形式的是不同的。同时，虚拟语气受时间的制约，分成以下三种句式：1）与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。2）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气3）与将来事实相反的虚拟语气III.在不同时间下，虚拟语气

2、的三种形式，公式。I. 与现在事实相反weremight if+ 主语 +过去式动词would过去式助动词，主语+could+VshouldII. 与过去事实相反mightwould+have +过去分词If +主语+had+过去分词,主语+couldShouldIII. 与将来事实相反weremightif+ 主语+过去式助动词were to+v主 语 +would+Vshould+v.could注： 。虚拟 语气中助动词be一律用were ， 不用was。在与 将来 事实 相 反 的 虚拟 语气 中， “if 主语 should+ 表示可能的假设1.与现在事实相反1)IfIhadacar,

3、Ishouldbeveryhappy.=IshouldbeveryhappyifIhadacar,butIhaven tacar.2)IfIwereabird,Icouldfly.=IcouldflyifIwereabird,butIamnotabird,soI can tfly.3)Ihetookhisteacher s advice,hemightpasstheexam.= He might pass the exam if he took his teacher s advice, but he doesn t take his teacher s advicepasstheexam.4

4、)Ifitweren training,weshouldgoforapicnic.=Weshouldgoforapicnicifitweren t raining,butitisraining.题例：1) Ifmyfather_herenow,he_tellmewhattodo.A. were,wouldBwere,willCis,wouldDis,will2) IfI_abee,I_workmuchharder.Awere,wouldBwere,shallChad,willDhave,should1 / 63) IfI_muchmoney,I_buyahouse.Ahave,willBhad

5、,shouldChad,willDhave,should4) He_learnmorequicklyifhe_harder.Awill,workBwould,workedCwould,workDwill,worked5) IfI_you,I_dothat.Awas,wouldn t Bwere,wouldn t Cam,wont Dwere,won tKey:AABBB2.与过去事实相反例：1)IfIhadknownhertelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledher.= I would have called her if I had known her teleph

6、one number, but I didn't know her telephone number, so Ididn tcallher.2)Ifyouhadcometenminutesearlier,youcouldhavemetthatfamousfilmstar.= You could havemet that famous filmstar ifyou had come ten minutes earlier, butyou didncomet tenminutesearlier,soyoudidn'tseethatfamousfilmstar.3)IfIhadrea

7、lized theimportanceofEnglishstudy,I should haveworkedmuchharder.= I should have worked much harder if I had realized the importance of English study, but I didn timportanceofEnglishstudy,soIdidn'tworkharder.题例：1) Ifyou_thedoctor s advice,youwouldhaverecognizedalready.A.followedBwouldfollowCfollo

8、wDhadfollowed2) Ifmylawyer_herelastSaturday,he_mefromgoing.Ahadbeen,wouldhavepreventedBhadbeen,wouldpreventCwere,wouldpreventDwere,wouldhaveprevented3) I_ifshe_me.Awouldhaveoverslept,didn t callBwouldhaveoverslept,hadn tcalledCoverslept,hadn'tcalledDwouldoverslept,didn tcall4) -Ifhe_,he_thatfood

9、.-Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.Awaswarned,wouldnottakeBhadbeenwarned,wouldnothavetakenCwouldbewarned,hadnottakenDwouldhavebeenwarned,hadnottaken5) She_tothepartyifshe_invited.Awouldhavegone,hadbeenBwouldgo,wasCwouldhavegone,wasDhasgoneKey:DABBA3.与将来事实相反例 ： 1）IfIweretobetwentyyearsold, Iw

10、ouldtakethecourseofcomputerscience.=Iwouldtakethecourseof computerscienceif Iwereto be twenty years old, butI amnottwentyyearsold,soIwillnottakethecourse ofcomputerscience.2 / 62)IfIdid/shoulddo/weretodothat,shewouldfeelverysurprised.=Shewouldfeelverysurprisedif I did/shoulddo/were to do that, butId

11、on tdothat, soshewillnotfeelsurprised.3)IfIfailed,Iwouldtryagain.=I wouldtryagainifIfailed,butifIdoesn t fail,Iwillnottryagain.题例：1)Itquitesimpossiblethatitwillraintomorrow.Butifit _, Iwouldstill gotothepark.AshouldrainBwouldrainCrainedDhadrained2)Idon t thinkthatIshallfail.ButifI_,Iwouldtryagain.As

12、houldfailBwouldfailCfailedDhadfailed3) _tomorrow,whatshouldwedo?AIfitrainsB.ShoulditrainC.WoulditrainD.WereitrainingKey:AAB注 ： 书 面 语 中 ， “if”虚拟语气倒装形式的使用：如果 “ if从”句中含有“ were, had”或“ should”时， 则可省略连词 “ if ”，而把 “ were, had 或”“ should 移”至主语之前。例：1)WereIyou(=Iwereyou),Iwould .2)Had they not come last time

13、(=Iftheyhadnot come last time), we wouldhavedone .3)Shoulditraintomorrow(=Ifitshouldraintomorrow),shewould注:1.某些动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气。在动词 suggest, insist, order, command, require, request , demand 等后面的宾语从句中，动词形式一般用“ should+ 动词原形，或省略should 用动词原形，用以表示一种建议，劝说，命令， 要求的语气。例：1)Theteachersuggestedwe(should)finishth

14、attaskattheendofnextweek.2)Theofficerorderedthattheenemy(should)besurroundedinthevillage beforedaylight.3) His uncle insists that he (should ) go to the most well-knownuniversity instead ofsome common ones.注意：1）在 Itsuggested /ordered /required/demanded/decided/necessary/important 等结构的主语从句中，或suggesti

15、on, order, idea 等词的同位语从句和表语从句中，也应用 should + 动词原形，或省略 should ，以适合于说话人所表示的建议或要求，命令的语气。例 ： a.It ssuggested thatamodernhotel(should)besetupatthefrontofthehill.b. The general gave the order that the bridge (should )be destroyed before 5 o clock in themorning.c.It's necessary/importantthateverypartyme

16、mber(should)take the lead and workwell.2) 当 suggest 的主语不指人，而是指某一现象时，同时宾语从句不表示建议，而是暗示一种情况， 这时宾语从句不用should +动词原形，而应根据内容而选择正确的时态。Insist等词的用法在不表示对未来某一动作的主张和要求时，也 不 用should+动词原形。例：a.Theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.3 / 6b.Sheinsistedthatheranswerwasright.2.常见的要求使用虚拟语气的特殊动词，词组，句形。1)abouttim

17、eshould+VIt+time+that+主语hightimeV-ed例：a.It sabouttimethatyou_B_yourstore.AcloseBclosedChaveclosedDhadclosedb.It shightimethathe_B_tothinkhowtodealwiththemoney.AwouldbeginBbeganCbeginDwillbegin2)Whatif.?(如果该怎麽办)例：-Hewouldgotoseeyou.-_Hedidnotcome?A.WhatifB.WhereifC.WhatcomeD.whywhether4) “ wish ” 在宾语

18、从句中V-ed .表现在wish+主语（宾语从句中的主语）+had+表过去could/would/might+V.表将来例：a.-Doyouhaveatypewriter?-No,butIwishI_B_.AhaveBhadCdoDhadhadb.IwishI_C_mytimewhenIwasyoung.Adidn t wasteBshouldn'thavewasteChadn t wasteDwouldn'thavewastedc.Iwish we _A_withmybrotherwhen hefliestoEnglandnextweek.AcouldgoBhadgoneCw

19、illgoDaregoing4)asif,asthough表不可能，不真实情况 时的虚拟语气例：a.Theylookratherpuzzled,asif/thoughtheydidn tknow.表现在b.Youlookasif/thoughyouhadseenaghost.表过去c.Heisveryhappyas if/thoughhecouldwinthegame.表 将 来5)wouldrather在虚拟语气中的用法V-ed表现在或将来wouldrather+主语(从句中)+had+过去分词表过去例：a.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.b.Iwo

20、uldratheryouhadn'tsaidthat.虚拟语气练习题1. Iadvisedthatsister_atherdeskallday.4 / 6A. mustn tBnotreadCdoesn treadDneedn tread2. ThesituationrequiredthatChina_itsdoortotheoutside world.AmustopenBshouldopenChavetoopenDhastoopen3. I_ youa more valuable present for yourbirthday. Iwas short of money at tha

21、t time.AmusthavebroughtBwouldhaveboughtChadboughtDwouldbuy4. -Doyouwanthimtolendyousomemoney?“ wouldlike ”一、Wouleyoulike/lovetodo？你愿意吗？这是正式而有礼貌的邀请用语。语气委婉并带有与对方商量的味道，常用此句邀请对方与你共同进行某项活动，是很有用的！1 Wouldyouliketogotothe ScienceMuseumwithustotomorrow？ Certainly,I'dloveto2 Wouldyouliketoplaybasketballwithme？ Yes,I'dloveto.ButIhave a lotofh