2022年精选备考高考题库《阅读理解》6

1、精选备考高考题库阅读理解（15） （含详解）：备战 2012 高考，精选阅读试题，适合高三第一轮复习使用，希望对大家有帮助。第一周zhang heng was a chinese mathematician ，astronomer and geographer living ad 100200 in the eastern han dynasty.he wrote a great deal of literary works，which gained him considerable fame( 名声 ) as a young man.he served several positions i

2、n the government， but he later refused to serve in the government and spent the rest of life far away from the capital city ，where he spent almost all of his time on scientific studies. there were many false scientific theories about the universe and earth at that time.his theory was looked down upo

3、n because it was quite different from what people usually held.his idea of the universe was: the sky is like an egg and the earth is like the yolk of the egg，floating alone in the centre of the universe. in the year of ad 132 ，zhang heng invented the seismoscope for predicting and measuring earthqua

4、kes.such a device wasnt created in europe until 1,600 years later in france. after years of observing the sky， zhang heng was able to draw a very detailed map of the stars.his star map showed 124 constellations (星群 )with a total of 2,500 stars,320 of which were bright stars with known names as of to

5、day.he also gave proper explanation to the world for the first time on the moon eclipse( 月食 )zhang was also a famous and talented poet and wrote more than twenty beautiful poems.he has continued the influence on ancient chinese culture.his works titled dong jing glimpse and xi jing glimpse have live

6、ly described about the local culture and folk art performances in the cities of xi an and luoyang.1besides being a famous chinese mathematician， zhang heng was also a famous _. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - -aastronomerbgeographerchistoriandpoetepolitician

7、aabcd babd cbcd d abde 2what can we learn from the passage? azhang heng was the first person to draw a map of the stars in the world. beuropean people didn t know how to predict earthquakes in the 18th century.cdong jing glimpse and xi jing glimpse are mainly about the culture of china. dchinese peo

8、ple first knew why there was moon eclipse about 1,800 years ago. 3the underlined word “ considerable” in paragraph 1 means _.acomplex bimportant c horrible dmuch 4it can be inferred in the passage that _. azhang heng was famous all over the world during his late yearsbzhang heng s idea about the uni

9、verse was proved wrong by people of his timecthe 320 stars of the 124 constellations were named by zhang heng dzhang heng preferred to work on scientific studies rather than to serve in the government 5what is this passage mainly about? asome of zhang heng s famous theories.ba brief introduction to

10、the ancient chinese scientist zhang heng. chow zhang heng made some of his important discoveries. da brief introducti on to zhang heng s important inventions.【解题导语】本文介绍了我国东汉时期著名的天文学家、地理学家、 文学家和诗人张衡。1解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和最后一段第一句可知。答案： b 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 15 页 - - - - -

11、- - - -2解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可推断中国人在张衡生活的那个时候就知道了日食原理。答案： d 3解析：词义猜测题。根据which gained him 的语境可知张衡的那些文学作品在他年轻的时候给他赢得了很多声誉。答案： d 4解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可推知。答案： d 5解析： 主旨大意题。 通读全文可知，本文是关于中国汉代的著名科学家张衡的简介。答案： b what will people die of 100 years from now? if you think that is a simple question ，you have not been

12、paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology(生物技术 )with the help of new medicine ， the human body will last a very long time.death will come mainly from accidents ，murder and war.today s leading killers，such as heart disease ，cancer，and aging itself，will become distant m

13、emories. in discussion of technological changes ，the internet gets most of the attention these days.but the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times.how long can humans live? human brains were known to decide the final death.cells are the basic units of all living things，

14、and until recently， scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells，such as those of brain cells，would not last forever.but the upper limits will be broken by new medicine.sometime between 2050 and 2100，medicine will have advanced t

15、o the point at which every 10 years or so， people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs.the medicine，made up of the basic building materials of life， will build new brain cells， heart cells， and so on， in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - -

16、 - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - -to take the place of old ones. it is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence，but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future. 1according to the p

17、assage ， human death is now mainly caused by _. adiseases and aging baccidents and war caccidents and aging dheart disease and war 2 in the author s opinion，today s most important advance in technology lies in _. amedicine bthe internet cbrain cells d human organ 3humans may live longer in the futur

18、e because _. aheart disease will be far away from us bhuman brains can decide the final death cthe basic materials of cells will last forever dhuman organs can be repaired by new medicine 4how long can humans live in the future according to the passage? aover 100 years. bmore than 120 years. cabout

19、150 years. dthe passage doesn t tell us.5we can learn from the passage that _. ahuman life will not last more than 120 years in the future bhumans have to take medicine to build new skin cells now cmuch needs to be done before humans can have a longer life dwe have already solved the technical probl

20、ems in building new cells 【解题导语】本文主要讲述了人类的生命由于生物技术的发展可以无限期延长的愿望有精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - -可能成为现实。1解析：细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句得知，今天主要的杀手，如心脏病、癌症、年老将会成为遥远的记忆。答案： a 2解析：细节理解题。第二段前两句的意思是说“ 在讨论技术变化时，人们往往注意到的是网络。 然而药学方面的变化可能是当今真正技术方面的大事件” ，故选 a 项。答案： a 3解析：推理判断题。由第二

21、段的后半部分可知，在20502100 期间，每隔10 年左右，人们可以通过吃药来修整生病的或衰老的器官，这应是未来长生不老的原因。答案： d 4解析： 细节理解题。 阅读全文后得知，文章没有具体告诉我们人们将来能活多少年。答案： d 5解析：推理推断题。由最后一段得知，想象一下将来技术的发展改变了人类最基本的生存条件，真是让人兴奋，但想达到美好的将来还有很多技术问题要澄清。答案： c 第二周“ luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity ，” said the american talk show host oprah winfrey

22、. i ve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it s probably worth listening to.her point is that blind luck is very rare. you may have to be lucky to find a good job these 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - -days but that does

23、 not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. if you re a chinese，you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump (树桩 ) for a rabbit to run out and break its neck. a book by the uk psychologist richard wiseman, called the luck factor, argu

24、es we can all make ourselves luckier. it s not about going to a temple to burn some incense (香) in hopes that the gods will give you good fortune; it s practical advice you can follow each day.wiseman conducted an experiment as part of his studies. first he divided volunteers into two groups：those w

25、ho said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. he gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. on average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. why?

26、on the second page of the newspaper, a command, “ stop counting. there are 43 photographs in this newspaper，” was written in big letters. the unlucky people mostly did not spot the message. it s easy to compare this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. they might search so

27、hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. people who are “ lucky ”， in fact, keep an open mind and don t go through the same routine every day. i first came to china in 2002 when it was considered a rather strange thing to do. like many foreigners，my plan was to teach

28、english for one year. seven years l ater, and still here, i ve had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. i did not dream these would have been possible. i ve also never been sick, had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. coincidence? after r

29、eading about professor wiseman s studies i think not. as wiseman advises, i usually trust my own judgment. your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational thinking, but it s important to consider how you feel about each choice you make. your feeling acts as a warning for a potential p

30、roblem. finally, try to turn bad luck into good. even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study english. 语篇解读 本文为议论文。作者认为命运只垂青那些有所准备的人。身处逆境，不要怨天尤人，要想方设法化厄运为好运。每个人都可以做自己命运的主人。精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - -1which

31、 of the following proverbs most agrees with the writer s point?a. make the best of a bad job. b. rome was not built in a day. c. all is not gold that glitters. d. a good heart conquers ill fortune. 解析 推理判断题。make the best of a bad job 意为 “ 身处山穷水尽，力争柳暗花明” ，与最后一段作者的观点“try to turn bad luck into good(把厄运

32、变好运) ” 最为接近。 故答案为a。rome was not built in a day意为 “ 伟业非一日可成” ；all is not gold that glitters 意为 “ 闪光的东西并不都是金子” ；a good heart conquers ill fortune 意为 “ 善心克厄运 ” 。答案 a 2what do you know about oprah winfrey? a. she became famous through her family background. b. she was very lucky and seldom suffered setb

33、acks in her life. c. she is a british talk show host. d. she became successful by her own effort. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的a self-made billionaire 可知美国talk show 主持人oprah winfrey 是从白手起家，通过自我奋斗而成名的。答案 d 3the writer quoted the chinese tale of a farmer in order to show_. a. luck is in your own hand b. bad luck c

34、an turn into good c. you should not sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you d. man can conquer nature 解析 推理判断题。 根据第二段内容可以判断，作者引用中国“ 守株待兔 ” 的故事是为了说明“ 人们不应该待在家里等待机会的降临” 的观点。答案 c 4from the experiment wiseman drew the conclusion that_. a. lucky people are quick-minded b. unlucky people ar

35、e slow to read c. lucky people often have an open mind 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - -d. unlucky people are more creative 解析 细节理解题。 根据第四、 五段内容， 尤其是第五段最后一句可知，wiseman 通过试验得出结论：“ 幸运的人 ” 具有开放的心态，做事不墨守成规。答案 c 5the underlined word “ spot ” is the closest in meani

36、ng to“ _ ”a. recognize b. mark c. locate d. receive 解析 词义猜测题。根据上文语境及the unlucky people mostly did not spot the message可知 spot在句中用作及物动词，是“ 发现，识别 ” 之意。答案 a 长难句解读 you may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to

37、you. but 前后为两个并列分句。在第一个分句中不定式短语to find a good job 用作结果状语。第二个分句含有一个宾语从句，现在分词短语waiting for the opportunity to come to you 作伴随状语。can you believe your eyes? a recent experiment suggests that the answer to that question may depend on your age. martin doherty, a psychologist at the university of stirling

38、in scotland, led the team of scientists. in this experiment, doherty and his team tested the perception(观察力 ) of some people, using pictures of some orange circles. the researchers showed the same pictures to two groups of people. the first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10, and the second gr

39、oup included 24 adults aged 18 to 25. the first group of pictures showed two circles alone on a white background. one of the circles was larger than the other, and these people were asked to identify the larger one. four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 percent of the time. adults identifi

40、ed the correct circle 95 percent of the time. next, both groups were shown a picture where the orange circles, again of different sizes, 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - -were surrounded by gray circles. here s where the trick lies in. in some of the pictures,

41、 the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller gray circles making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle, which was the real larger one. and the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger gray circles so it appeared to be smaller than the real smaller orange

42、 circle. when young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures, they weren t fooledthey were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before. older children and adults, on the other hand, did not do as well. older children often identified the smaller circle a

43、s the larger one, and adults got it wrong most of the time. as children get older, doherty said, their brains may develop the ability to identify visual context. in other words, they will begin to process the whole picture at once: the tricky gray circles, as well as the orange circle in the middle.

44、 as a result, they re more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick. 1. doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate_. a. children s and adults eye-sight b. people s ability to see accuratelyc. children s and adults brainsd. the influence of peoples age 解析 考查细节理解能力。第二段第二行可以得出

45、结论。答案 b 2. when asked to find the larger circle ，_. a. children at 6 got it wrong 79 % of the time with no gray ones around b. only adults over 18 got it right 95% of the time with gray ones around c. children at 4 got it right about 79 % of the time with gray ones around d. adults got it right most

46、 of the time with gray ones around 解析 考查细节理解能力。第三段清晰地说明了辨别圆圈的比例。答案 c 3. according to the passage, we can know that_. a. a smaller orange circle appears bigger on a white background b. an orange circle appears bigger than a gray one of the same size 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共

47、 15 页 - - - - - - - - -c. a circle surrounded by other circles looks bigger than its real size d. a circle surrounded by bigger ones looks smaller than its real size 解析 考查细节理解能力，对第四段整体的理解和第五段最后一句可以得出答案。答案 d 4. visual context may work when children get older than_. a. 4 b. 6 c. 10 d. 18 解析 考查推理判断能力。从

48、第五段和第六段第一句判断得出答案。答案 b 5. why are younger children not fooled? a. because they are smarter than older children and adults. b. because older people are influenced by their experience. c. because people s eyes become weaker as they grow older.d. because their brain can hardly notice related things toge

49、ther. 解析 考查推理判断能力。第四、五、六段提及到46 岁小孩和6 岁以上小孩的区别是判断的依据。答案 d 第三周angus macleod was fifty and he had spent his entire life as a shepherd in the remote mountainous region of northwest scotland. he had never owned a radio or television nor had he travelled further than forty kilometres from his birthplace.

50、his knowledge of the world was gained only from his brief trips to the village to sell his sheep and buy food. however, he had lately come to rely on the growing number of hillwalkers in the region as 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - -sources of international

51、 news. in the spring of 1992, a spanish student came across angus high in the mountains. eager to practise his english he engaged angus in conversation. the student told angus of the forthcoming olympic games in barcelona. excited by the student s colourful description of spain and the games, angus

52、decided to attend the event in person and two months later arrived in barcelona. the ticketless angus stood outside the stadium with his canny brain working overtime，watching a growing number of individuals entering the stadium through a small entrance at the side. he noticed that they all seemed to

53、 be carrying objects. perhaps they were workmen, he thought. he moved closer and watched. within minutes a thin young man came along carrying an extremely long pole. he approached the official at the door and said “ pole vault” . the official moved to the side and the man entered. next came a heavys

54、et man with a spear. angus wondered how a man could carry such a dangerous weapon in a modern city. the man shouted “ javelin” and was presently admitted. angus was puzzled. perhaps they were all connected with security. his puzzlement grew when a huge man appeared with a steel ball in his hand. he

55、shouted “ shot putt ” and walked past the official.it suddenly dawned on angus that these people were competitors. he opened his programme and sure enough under the heading “ events ” he saw the three words the men had said. angus laughed to himself as a plan began to take shape in his mind. first h

56、e needed to buy one or two things. an hour later he reappeared dressed in a tracksuit with “ scotland ” written across the chest.over his shoulder he carried a roll of barbed wire (铁丝网 ). smiling to himself he walked up to the official and as casually as he could, shouted, “ fencing！”1. which was an

57、gus new way of getting information about the outside world? a. travelling from his birthplace. b. listening to radio and watching tv . c. going to the nearby village to sell sheep. d. talking to hillwalkers in the region. 答案 d 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - -

58、 -2. what are “ javelin”， “ pole vault”， “ shot putt” and “ fencing ” in the passage?a. olympic events. b. names of competitors. c. security weapons. d. names of countries. 答案 a 3. from the passage we can learn that_. a. more and more people went to scotland to practise their english b. the spanish

59、student s description of his country excited angusc. angus had been planning a trip to barcelona to see the olympic games d. angus became a member of the scottish olympic team 答案 b 4. from the passage we know that angus seemed to be_. a. poorlyinformed b. intelligent c. strongminded d. athletic 答案 a

60、 5. what do you expect the official would do in the end? a. help him carry the wire. b. refuse to let him in. c. give him a close inspection. d. lead him to the competition. 答案 b u.s. president barack obama said friday on campaign trail he can make the case for a second term, and voters will come to