同位语从句课件 完整版

1、我不知道你在这儿我不知道你在这儿.i didnt know that you were here.i had no idea that you were there.宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句1.同位语同位语 the appositive 同位语是句子成分的一种同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名它位于名词、代词后面词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情说明它们的性质和情况况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有以下几种：同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1) 名词名词 tom, our monitor, is a hands

2、ome boy. (2) 代词代词 i myself will do the experiment.(3) 数词数词 she is the oldest among them six.(4) 从句从句 he told me the news that the plane had exploded. 他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。(5) 由由such as, that is引导引导 some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些学科某些学科, ,例如数学和物理例如数学和物理, ,

3、是很难学的。是很难学的。(6) 由由of引导引导 the city of beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. 自从自从2000年以来年以来, 北京市发生了很北京市发生了很大的变化大的变化。(7) 由由or引导引导 the freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. 结冰温度即冰点结冰温度即冰点, ,是水在常压下结是水在常压下结冰时的温度。冰时的温度。2. 同位语从句同位语

4、从句the appositive clause(1) 同位语从句的定义同位语从句的定义 在复合句中用作在复合句中用作同位语同位语的从句称为的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。同位语从句有时被别的词把它同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：和名词隔开：注意注意: the story goes that william tell killed the king with an arrow. word came that their team had won. 同位语从句的表现形式同位语从句的表

5、现形式: 由由that引导引导 the fact that you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. the hope that he may come here is not gone yet. 由由whether引导引导 the question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 由由when引导引导 i have no idea when they will go. 有时可用有时可用 namely (即即), t

6、hat is to say (也就是说也就是说), in other words (换句话说换句话说), that is (那就是那就是), for example 等引出同位语等引出同位语, 说明其说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。直接跟在名词或代词的后面。 he told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all. there is only one way of improving your english , that is , to practice more. alt

7、ogether dolly had lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.它一般放在它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth , hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question , possibility, message 等名词的后面等名词的后面, 对对前面的名词作进一步的解释前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词名词的具体含义。引导同位语从

8、句的词有连词有连词that, 连接副词连接副词how, when, where, whether, what等。等。同位语从句的引导词常用同位语从句的引导词常用that, wh-, howthat, wh-, how等。等。e.g.i have no idea when when he will be back.he will be back.how how he can get the treasure.he can get the treasure.where where the concert will be hold.the concert will be hold.whowho ca

9、n finish the work. can finish the work.why why it happened.it happened.which which pen is mine.pen is mine.what what we should do next.we should do next.whomwhom they are talking about. they are talking about.whether whether it it ll rain tomorrow.ll rain tomorrow.that that our football team won our

10、 football team won the game. the game. 同位语从句同位语从句1.概念概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.功能功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释，同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，说明名词的具体内容，3.用法用法: 常跟的抽象名词有常跟的抽象名词有: fact/ idea/reason thought/order/ doubt/news/hope truth/belief 4.连词连词 that/whether/who/ which what/when/where/why/how 同位语从句与定语

11、从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别: 同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们: 同位语从句同位语从句说明的名词大都是说明的名词大都是抽象名词抽象名词; 定语从句定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。象的也有不抽象的。2. 同位语从句同位语从句主要由连接词主要由连接词that引导引导, 有有时也可用时也可用when, where, who, whether等等引导引导; 定语从句定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。由关系代词或关系副词引导。do you kn

12、ow the place where he was born?3. 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略引导同位语从句的连词不可省略; 引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。可省略。 the news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. the news (that) he told me is exciting. 同位语从句的简易判断方法同位语从句的简易判断方法 同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上是同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上是“主语主语+be+be+表语表语”的同位语关系。所以，可以在名的同位语关

13、系。所以，可以在名词和从句之间词和从句之间加系动词加系动词bebe，使之构成一个新，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则原句为句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则原句为同位语从句；定语从句是不能够用系表结构同位语从句；定语从句是不能够用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。把先行词与从句连接起来的。the belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries.the belief is that the earth is flat.指出划线部分是同位语从句还是定语从句。指出划线部分是同位语从句还是定语从句。1. the f

14、act that great britain is made up three countries is known to us.2. the continent that consists of two countries is developing very fast.(同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句)3. the news that the plane will take off on time makes everybody happy.4. the news that is spreading around the country is that a heavy storm

15、 is coming.(同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句, 表语从句表语从句)5. the suggestion that we should learn something practical is worth considering.(同位语从句同位语从句)连接词连接词that引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句that在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用只起连接作用.he told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon.他告诉我一个消息他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国他马上要从国外回国.there

16、is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.只用只用whether引导引导,不用不用if.这个问题是否正确还未被证实这个问题是否正确还未被证实.the problem _ is right hasnt been proved.连接词连接词whether引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句whether连接词代词连接词代词what/which/who 引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定谁会出国这个问题还未决定.2.我不知道该选哪个我不知道该选哪个.1.the question _ should go abroad has

17、nt been decided yet.2. i have no idea _ one i should choose.whichwho(定语定语)(主主)在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分连接词副词连接词副词when/where/why/how 引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句 1.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.2. 我们还没决定好去哪儿我们还没决定好去哪儿.1.ive got a good idea _ they left early.2.the question _ we should go has not been decided.whywhere1) the

18、 news that he told me is that tom would go abroad next year.2)the news that tom would go abroad is told by him.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）定语从句定语从句宾语宾语同位语从句同位语从句(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的）汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的）同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句 that名词性名词性形容词性形容词性只连接主句和从只连接主句和从句句,在从句中不充在从句中不充当成分当成分代替先行词代替先行词,在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分1.the

19、 news that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all. ( )2.the news that you heard is not true. ( )3.have you any idea who he went with? ( )4.is there any hope that they will be home in time? ( )5.the problem that you referred to doesnt exist at all. ( )同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句

20、定语从句定语从句 1. the fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. a. that b. what c. why d. which 2. the fact _ he was successful proves his ability. a. that b. what c. which d. why aa练一练！练一练！ 3. the news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. a. what b. that c. why d. when 4. his suggestion _ the me

21、eting be delayed was turned down. a. which b. that c./ d. it bb 5. i have no idea _ he will start. a. when b. that c. what d./ 6. ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. a. if b. that c. whether d. which ba 7. the thought _ he might fail in the exam worried h

22、im. a. when b. which c. what d. that 8. the order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. a. which b. whether c. that d. what dc 9. the nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. a. that b. as c. of which d. which a 10. he often asked me the question

23、 _ the work was worth doing. a. whether b. where c. that d. when 11. the other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ i thought was a dangerous speed. a. as b. which c. what d. that ab 11. along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming christmas. a. which b. that c

24、. what d. whether b 13. luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. a. it b. that c. this d. which 14. do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? a. that b. what c. as d. whichdb 15. one of the men held the view _ the book said was right. a. that b. what that c. that what d. whether that 引导同位语从句，补充说明引导同位语从句，补充说明view; what引导主语从句并在同位语从句中作主引导主语从句并在同位语从句中作主语。语。c16. a story goes _elizabeth i of england liked nothing more than being surrou