小学英语介词和连词专项复习

1、常见介词及用法(一)表示时间的介词1. 英语里最常见的时间介词有：at, in, on, before, after 和 from。2. at , in 和 on 这三个词都表示时间。at 主要指具体的钟点：at half past eight 在八点半in 一般指某一段时间：in January 在一月份on 指具体在某一天： on Monday 在星期一3. before 和 after 表示时间的先后顺序。before 表示“ 在 之前 ” 。You should wash your hands before eating. 吃饭前你应该洗手。after 表示 “ 在 之后 ” 。The

2、y often play basketball after dinner. 他们放学后经常打篮球。4. from 作时间介词含有“ 从 开始 ” 的意思，常和to 连用，组成“from to ”的结构，表示 “ 从 到” 的意思。We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从周一到周五上学。(二)表示方位的介词，也就是表示位置和地点的介词。1. 小学阶段常见的方位介词有：on, in, at, under, over, above, below, about, around, between等。2. on, over 和 above 这三个词都有 “ 在上

3、面 ” 的意思， 但它们所表示的方位还是有些不同。on 表示两个物体的表面相互接触。如：There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本书。The boy is sleeping on the desk. 那个孩子睡在地上。over 表示 “ 在 的正上方 ”,两个物体表面没有接触。如：There is a light bulb over my head. 在我头顶上有一个灯泡。above表示两个物体中一个在另一个的上方，如：The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机上云层上飞行。There are four lights above

4、our head. 在我们头上有四盏灯。3. under 和 below 都有 “ 在的下面 ” 的意思，但它们有区别：under 表示 “ 在 的正下方 ” ，其反义词是over。There is a ball under the chair. 椅子下面有一个球。They are sitting under a big tree. 他们正坐在一棵大树下面。below 表示 “ 在” 的下面，不强调是否在正下方。Their house is below mine. 他们家的房子在我家的下面。4. in 表示位置 “ 在 里面” ，也可以用来表示在一个很大的空间内。The children ar

5、e playing in the room. 孩子们正在房间里玩。All my books are in my bag. 我所有的书都在我的书包里。5. at 表示“ 在旁边 ” 。The teacher is standing at the desk. 老师正在桌边。I will wait for you at the station. 我会在车站等你。6. around 表示“ 在 周围” 。There are lots of flowers around the house. 房子周围有许多花。The children sat around the Christmas tree and

6、sang happily. 孩子们围坐在圣诞树旁边高兴地唱歌。7. behind 表示 “ 在 的后面 ” 。Dont hide yourself behind a tree. 别躲在树后。8. in front of 表示 “ 在 的前面 ” 。There are some trees in front of the house. 房子前面有一些树。9. between表示 “ 在两者之间 ” 。My home is between the two mountains. 我家在两座大山之间。Guang Jie sits between Li Lei and Fang Ning. 冠杰坐在李磊

7、和芳宁之间。(三)表示动向的介词。在英语中，有一类介词，它们表示的不是静止不动的方位，而是一种动态的移动，有 “ 朝着 ” 和“ 向着 ” 的意思。1. 小学阶段常见的动向介词有：into, out of, up, down, from, to, through, along 等。2. into 和 out of into 表示“ 从外向里 ” 的意思， out of 表示 “ 从里向外 ” 的意思。Jane jumped into the water. 简跳进了水里。Dont look out of the window when you take a bus. 当你乘公共汽车时不要向窗外看

8、。3. up 和 down: up 表示“ 向上 ” ，down 表示 “ 向下 ” 。He often climbs up mountains. 他经常爬山。She opened the door and went down the stairs. 她开门下楼。(四)表示方式的介词1. 常见的表示方式的介词有：by, with, in 等。2. by 表示 “ 靠” ，“ 用” 。3. with 表示 “ 使用” ，“ 和 一起 ”, “有” ，“ 具有”“ 带有 ” 。4. in 表示 “ 用（语言） ” 。My father goes to work by car. 我父亲开车上班。I

9、can see with eyes. 我能用眼睛看。I can speak in English. 我会用英语讲。(五)其它常用介词。1. for 表示 “ 目的 ” ，“ 原因 ” 。He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。Thank you for your dinner. 谢谢你的款待。2. in 表示 “ 穿着 ” ，“ 带着 ” 。Lily is in a red skirt today. 丽丽今天穿着一条红色的裙子。The boy in blue is my brother. 穿蓝色衣服的男孩是我弟弟。3. of 表示所属关系，有 “ 的” 意思。This

10、 is a map of ChinA. 这是一幅中国地图。He is an old friend of mine. 他是我的一位老朋友。4. like 表示比较，意思是 “ 像” 。He looks like his father. 他看上去像他爸爸。(六)介词与动词的固定搭配。look at 朝 看laugh at 嘲笑 be good at 擅长于 shout at 对. 叫喊look for 寻找ask for 向 要look after 照顾，照看look like 看起来像take care of 关心，照顾wait for 等待leave for 动身去start for 动身去c

11、atch up with 赶上talk about 谈论have a talk with 和交谈agree with 同意，赞成一、 常用词及短语搭配的用法：(一)and 意思是 “ 和” ，表示并列和对称。I can speak English and Chinese. 我会讲英语和中文。I like apples, bananas and grapes. 我喜欢苹果、香蕉和葡萄。(二)both and 的意思是 “ 两者都 ” ，表示并列。Both you and I are pupils. 你和我都是小学生。I can speak both English and French. 我既会

12、讲英语又会讲法语。(三)not onlybut also意思是 “ 不但 而且 ” ，表示并列。Not only you but also Jim comes late. 不光是你，吉姆也迟到了。I can play not only the guitar but also the piano. 我有仅会弹吉他，还会弹钢琴。(四)neithernor 意思是 “ 既不 也不” ，表示并列关系。Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不对。He can speak neither English nor French. 他既不会讲英语， 也不会讲法语。注意：1.当 no

13、t only but only 和 neithernor 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数的变化随接近谓语动词的主语而变化。Neither you nor he is fat. 你和他都不胖。Neither he nor I am right. 他和我都不对。2.or 意思是 “ 或者 ” ，“ 还是 ” ，表示选择。Is your friend is a boy or a girl? 你的朋友是男孩还是女孩？Do you learn English or French? 你学英语还是法语？注意：（误） I don t like coffee and teA. （正）I don t like co

14、ffee or teA. 我不喜欢喝咖啡和茶。（正） I like coffee and teA. 我喜欢喝咖啡和茶。3.but 意思是 “ 但是 ” ，表示转折。I have a cold, but I dont take medicine. 我感冒了，但我没吃药。The skirt is nice, but its too expensive. 这条裙子很漂亮，但太贵了。4.so 意思是 “ 因此” ，“ 所以 ” 。It s dark, so I must go now. 天黑了，所以我得走了。You got up too late, so you missed the bus. 你起床

15、晚了，所以错过了公共汽车。5.because意思是 “ 因为 ” ，表示原因。She is unhappy because she lost the game. 她不高兴，因为她输了比赛。注意：在英语里， because和 so 不能够同时在一个句子中出现，和汉语有一定的区别。（误） Because Mom bought me a new book, so I was very happy. （正） Mom bought me a new book, so I was very happy. （正） I was very happy because Mom bought me a new bo

16、ok. 易错点：1.你能找到这个问题的答案吗？误Can you find the answer of this question？正Can you find the answer to this question？析 英语中用 “the answer to ”表示 “ 的答案 ” 。 类似结构还有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。2.格林先生星期六上午来这里。误Mr. Green will come here in Sunday evening. 正Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening. 析 表示在

17、上午、下午等时，介词要用in；而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时，介词要用on. 巩固练习：一、 用适当的介词填空 。1. There is something wrong _ my arm. 2. The train is passing _ the tunnel. 3. Would you come to tea _us _ Sunday? 4. What s the weather _ today? 5. I am good _ English. 6. He looks _ his father. 7. Go _ this street, then you can see the post

18、office. 8. Many people are wait _ the bus _ the bus station. 9. -How do you often go to school? - _ foot. 10.Lucy and Lily come _America. 二、 用 and, or, but填空。1. I d like to go with you, _ I m too busy. 2. I don t like apple juice _ orange juice. 3. I can speak English _ French. 4. Are you a teacher

19、_ a doctor? 5. There is no milk _ no fruit juice. 三、 选择填空。( ) 1. The Greens were watching TV _ I came in. A. before B. after C. when ( ) 2. Jack was sad _ he failed his math exam again. A. so B. because C. but ( ) 3. The bus arrived _7:30 a. m. A. on B. at C. in ( ) 4. Your mouth is _ your nose. A.

20、under B. below C. near ( ) 5. We don t go to school _Saturday and Sunday. A. on B. in C. at ( ) 6. Did you go to the zoo _ foot? A. by B. on C. in ( ) 7. I write _my hand. A. in B. with C. by ( ) 8. Can you sing this song _English? A. in B. with C. on ( ) 9. He learns English _ TV. A. in B. on C. wi

21、th ( ) 10. Tony comes _ Australia. A. from B. to C. in ( ) 11. Everyone is sitting _ the floor, but Mr Brown is sitting _ a chair _ the corner. A. over, in, on B. about, on, at C. on, on, in ( ) 12. During the weekdays, Jim gets up early _ the morning and goes to bed late _ night .But _ weekends he

22、sleeps until midday. A. on, at, at B. in, at, on C. in, in, at ( ) 13. The mother is coming back _ an hour. A. after B. for C. in ( ) 14. Don t worry, Tom will return_. A. before long B. long before C. long ago ( ) 15. Paper is often made _ wood. A. by B. in C. of 四、 下列每个句子都有一处错误,请找出来并改正 . 1.Both To

23、m and Jerry is in Class Two. _ 2.Either boys and girls are going to clean the classroom. _ 3.It s very kind for you. _ 4.I d like some bread or butter. _ 5.There is a bridge on the river. _ 6.They live at New York. _ 7.I play the tennis ater school. _ 五、 根据中文用介词填空。1. 她从楼上跳了下去。She jumps _ the buildin

24、g. 2. 你最好不要去树林，那很危险。You d better not go _ the woods, it s dangerous. 3. 一群老人在公园里唱歌。A group of old men are singing _ the park. 4. 一个女孩站在窗户边。A girl is standing _ the windows. 5. 老师严格要求我们。The teacher is strict _ us. 附加练习： 介词填空1.Tony is _ Canada. 2.What is the name _ the factory? 3.Betty is English. What _ you？4.Who s the woman _ the black d ress ？5.Where do you come _? 6.She looks _ her father. 7.Do the students stay _ home _ Saturday ？8.My mother cut the cake _ a knife. 9.The meeting en