职称英语卫生类B级21

1、职称英语卫生类B级-21（总分：100.00,做题时间：90分钟）一、B第1部分：词汇选项/B（总题数：15,分数：15.00）I.There is a fundamental difference between the two ministers and their aims. （分数：1.00）A.obviousB.basicC.completeD.inevitable解析：词义辨析fundamental与basic同义，意为"基本的，基础的，根本的。"obvious "显然的，明显的，明白的， 清楚的"；complete "完全的，全部

2、的，整个的，完整的"；inevitable可不可避免的，必然发生的，难免的”。2.Latin might once have been claimed as the most suitable of possible international language.（分数：1.00）A.acclaimedB.exclaimedC.allegedD.cancelled解析：词义辨析claim与allege同义，意为"陈述，宣称，声称，辩解。"acclaim "向欢呼，喝采，称赞"；exclaim“（因疼痛，愤怒，惊奇等）惊叫，呼喊"；ca

3、ncel “取消，废除”。3.If a child is left alone, he'll lose his zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.（分数：1.00）A.courageB.directionC.confidenceD.interest解析：词义辨析zest与interest同义，意为"热情，兴奋，兴趣。"courage "勇气，胆量"；direction "方向，趋 向，趋势"；confidence “把握，自信心”。4

4、 .You are not supposed to abandon your car on the motorway.（分数：1.00）A.castB.examineC.bundleD.desert解析：词义辨析abandon与desert同义，意为"遗弃，抛弃，离弃，舍弃"。cast "扔，投，掷，抛"；examine "检 查，观察”；bundle “把某物捆成捆”。5 .All the changes that have overtaken Shetland recently.（分数：1.00）A.happened unexpectedl

5、yB.changed quicklyC.prevented unexpectedlyD.caught up with解析：直接定位overtake 意为"（怕不愉快的事情）突然降临，"与happen unexpectedly同义。6 .Don't get slack at you work. （分数：1.00）A.lazy and carelessB.tiresome or boredC.depressedD.diligent解析：词义辨析slack 与lazy and kcareless 同义，意为“怠惰，偷懒。"tiresome or bored&qu

6、ot;单调的，乏味的，烦人的"；depressed “忧愁的，消沉的，沮丧的" ；diligent "认真的，刻苦的，用功的，勤勉的”。7 .The dentist has decided to pull out her bad tooth.（分数：1.00）A.repairB.extractC.takeD.dig解析：词义辨析pull out与extract同义，意为"取出，拔出"。surround "包围某人，围住某人"；close in "围绕 或笼罩（某人/某事）"；close around “围

7、住并包围或钳制某人/某事物”。8 .The National Committee was composed of 22 manual workers and white-collar workers. （分数：1.00）A.was made upB.consisted ofC.was full ofD.instead of解析：直接定位be composed of意为"由组成，由松成，"与consist of 同义。9 .Financial consultants acknowledge that the value of common stock is inherentl

8、y changeable.（分数：1.00）A.relativelyB.intrinsicallyC.sporadicallyD.incrementally解析：词义辨析inherently 作"固有地"解，与B项的intrinsically"固有地"含义同。relatively "相对地"；sporadically"偶而发生地"；incrementally "增值地"。10 .Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft,

9、 rust too easily, or have some otherdrawback. （分数：1.00）A.propertyB.additiveC.disadvantageD.disparity解析：词义辨析drawback "缺点”与C项的disadvantage "缺点"意义一致。property "特性"；additive"添加物”；disparity "不同"。11.I spent ages trying to fix it, but gave up in despair.（分数：1.00）A.hop

10、elesslyB.destructivelyC.despiteD.atlast解析：词义辨析in despair 与hoplessly同义，意为“失望的，绝望的"。destructively"破坏性地；毁灭性地”；despite "尽管，不管，不顾"；at last“最后，终于”。12.When replying to this advertisement, please enclose a stamped addressed envelope. （分数：1.00）A.put insideB.surroundC.close inD.close aroun

11、d解析：直接定位enclose意为"将某物放入封套，信件，包裹等中，"与put inside 同义。13.Foreign money can be converted into the local currency at this bank. （分数：1.00）A.alteredB.boughtC.changedD.sold解析：句意剖析该句句意是"在这家银行，外币可以兑换成当地货币。"convert "转换，兑换”，意思同change.14.Stop clambering over my sister's furniture. （分数

12、：1.00）A.paintingB.climbingC.coveringD.hitting解析：词义辨析clamber与climb同义，意为"攀爬，攀登。"paint "在（某物）上涂颜料或油漆"；cover "覆盖，遮 盖”；hit “打击，击中”。15.Adolescence tends to be the most important for one's world outlook. （分数：1.00）A.the growing period after childhoodB.the period of maturityC.the

13、 period of babyhoodD.the period of old age解析：直接定位adolescence与the growing perild after childhood同义，意为“青春期（童年与成年之间的时期）”。the period of maturity"成年时期"；the period of babyhood "婴儿时期"；theperiod of old age "老年时期"。二、B第2部分：阅读判断/B（总题数：1,分数：7.00）The prospects for treating cystic fi

14、brosis by gene therapy are lookingbrighter following successful tests with a safer type of shuttle（短程梭运输工具）for ferrying（ 运送）replacement genes into a patient'slungs. During the tests, a British-led research team inserted healthy copies of the cystic fibrosis（ 囊性纤维变性） gene into cells liningsuffere

15、rs' noses with the aid of microscopic droplets（水滴 , 飞沫 ） of fatcalled liposomesOther groups that have attempted to correct the genetic defect that causes cystic fibrosis have used viruses as vectors （媒介 ） to carry the healthy gene into target cells. Unfortunately, viruses can also cause inflamma

16、tion in the lungs, an undesirable side effect in CF patients, whose lungs are already diseased. The new method for introducing corrective genes into the lungs of CF patients promises to be muchsafer. Cystic fibrosis is caused by defects in a gene called CFTR, which plays a part in the transport of c

17、hloride ions（离子 ） out of the cells liningthat patients have this gene mean gut. Defects in the lungs, airways and difficulty expellingmucus（黏液）and inhaled （吸入）microorganisms fromtheir lungs. As a result, they are very susceptible to lung infections, and usually die at around 30 years old.As an alter

18、native to the viral vector, the researchers, linked loops （环）of DNA containing healthy copied of the CFTR gene to microscopic liposomes. When the liposomes come in contact with a cell, they fuse（融合） with its outer membrane, and release the DNAinto the cell's interior. To test the system, the tea

19、m sprayed the liposomes into the noses of volunteers with cystic fibrosis. The cells lining the nose are very similar to those lining the lung, explains David Porteous of the human genetics group in Edinburgh. But the ceils in the nose are easier to monitor, and the risks are lower if any nasal （鼻的

20、）cells are damaged.In the event（ 结果 , 到头来 ）, none of the volunteers suffered any unpleasant side effects. And a single spraying partially corrected the cystic fibrosis defect. The researchers assessed the effectiveness of the treatment by measuring the voltage（ 电压 , 伏特 ） across the layer of cells li

21、ning the nose. This voltage is higher in cystic fibrosis sufferers than in healthy people. A single spraying reduced this difference by around 20 per cent. The re-searchers reported that the effect lasted for up to a week.The British researchers have yet to test their spray in the lungs, but are con

22、fident that the liposomes will not cause inflammation. The question, however, is how effective the shuttle system is. In the nose, the researchers had to add more copies of the healthy CFTR gene to match the performance of the adenovirus. This is because adenoviruses carry genes directly to the cell

23、' s nucleus, ensuring that the instructions they carry are read. Genescarried by liposomes are only guaranteed a ride into the cell's cytoplasm, and fewer will find their way to the nucleus. Many will be broken down by the cell's waste disposal system before they get there.Bob Williamson

24、, who heads the group at St. Mary's Hospital, says this will require much more efficient vectors. People in 10 to 15 years will laugh at the crudity of the liposomes and viruses that we're using today, he says. The aim is to makecustomized vectors which combine the best aspects of both syste

25、ms, and include other genetic sequences to ensure that the information carried by the healthy CFTR gene is used by the target cells lining the lungs. （分数： 7.00 ） （1）.Liposomes were tested as a vector for ferrying replacement genes into the lungs of CF patients. （分 数： 1.00 ）A.A. Right VB.B. WrongC.C.

26、 Not mentioned解析：主旨归纳见第一段，"The prospects for treating cystic fibrosis”用基因疗法治疗囊性纤维变性的前景变得光明起来，因为用一种较安全的“运输媒介”将替代基因送入病人肺部的试验获得了成功。在试验中，英国人领 导的一个研究小组借助于叫做脂质体的超微脂肪小滴将健康的囊性纤维变性基因植入病人的鼻腔表层细胞。（2） .Viruses were used as vectors but caused inflammation in the lungs. （分数： 1.00 ）A.A. RightVB.B. WrongC.C. N

27、ot mentioned解析：句意剖析 见第二段，"Other groups that have attempted to correct the genetic defect that”另些试图矫正引起囊性纤维变性的基因缺陷的研究小组曾用病毒做“媒介”将健康基因送入靶细胞。不幸的是，病毒也能引起肺部感染，这对于已有肺部疾患的囊性纤维变性病人来说是一种糟糕的副作用。（3） .Cystic fibrosis is caused by a gene called CFTR. （分数：1.00 ）A.A. RightB.B. Wrong VC.C. Not mentioned解析： 概括大

28、意 见第三段第一句， “ Cystic fibrosis is caused by defects in a gene called CFTR. ”囊性纤维变性是由一种叫做CFTR勺基因的缺陷所造成的。（4） .Chemists might be able to design new immunosuppressive drugs that do the same job with fewer side effects. （分数： 1.00 ）A.A. RightB.B. WrongC.C. Not mentioned解析： 句意剖析 该句句意为“化学家们有可能设计出新的疗效相同而副作用较少的

29、免疫抑制药。 ”（5） .Cystic fibrosis patients are very susceptible to lung infections and thus die early. （分数： 1.00 ） A.A. RightVB.B. WrongC.C. Not mentioned解析：总体推断见第三段，"Defects in this gene mean that patients have "CFTR在将氯离子送出肺部、气 道和肠道的表层细胞时起作用。这种基因的缺陷意味着病人难以从肺部排出黏液和吸入的微生物。因此他们很容易患肺部感染，并通常在 30 岁左

30、右死亡。（6） .The researchers have tested their spray in the lungs. （分数： 1.00 ）A.A. RightB.B. WrongVC.C. Not mentioned解析： 句意剖析 见第六段， “ The British researchers have yet to test their spray in the lungs. ”英国研究 人员仍然要做试验将喷雾用在肺上。（7） .Much more efficient vectors must be found to compensate for the defect compl

31、etely. （分数： 1.00 ） A.A. RightVB.B. WrongC.C. Not mentioned解析：主旨归纳见最后一段，领导圣玛丽医院小组的鲍伯威廉姆森说，这将需要效率高得多的媒介。他说“10-15年后的人们会嘲笑我们今天所用的脂贡体和病毒的粗陋” 。我们的目标是按使用要求制造特殊的媒介，它将综合两种方法的优点并包含其它基因片段，以保证健康CFTRg因所携带的信息为肺表层的靶细胞所用。三、 B 第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子/B（ 总题数： 1，分数： 8.00）A hospital is an institution that provides medical ser

32、vices for a community. The doctors, nurses, and other personnel of a hospital work to restore health to sick and injured people. They also try to prevent disease and maintain health in the community. Some hospitals serve as centers for medical education and research.2. Most hospitals are short-term

33、hospitals in which the majority of patients stay less than 30 days. Patients spend an average of 4 to 8 days in a short-term hospital. In long term hospitals, most patients stay more than 30 days. People having their tonsils removed would go to a short-term hospital. Those with severe mental illness

34、es may stay in a long-term institution because of the time needed to treat their condition.3. A general hospital provides services for most people and illnesses. A special hospital cares for certain people or certain illnesses. For example, pediatric hospitals treat only children. Rehabilitation hos

35、pitals provide services to help people adjust to mental and physical disabilities.4. A hospital may perform other services besides treating the sick. educatehospitals Teaching research. medical conduct hospitals Research future physicians, nurses, and laboratory specialists. A teaching hospital may

36、form part of a university medical center, or it may be a general hospital associated with a medical school.5. In the professional services department, physicians play an important role and lead a large medical team working for the hospital. The medical team also includes physicians in training. Thes

37、e interns have come from medical schools and work in a hospital for practical experience. The nursing staff forms the largest group on the patient care team.Professional nurses, generally called registered nurses, have graduated from a nursing school. They carry out much of the patients' care un

38、der the guidance of physicians. They also direct other membersof the nursing staff, including practical nurses. nurse's aides, and nurse attendants.These men and women do many tasks to tree the registered nurses for work requiring their special skills.6. There are many other important department

39、s in a hospital besides the professional services department. The hospital pharmacy provides medicines that physicians order for patients. The central service department maintains medical supplies. The food service department prepares meals for patients and staff members. The hospital laboratories c

40、onduct tests that help doctors diagnose and treat illnesses. The radiology department makes X rays to help physicians diagnose diseases and injuries. The medical records department keeps a record on every patient. If former patients return to the hospital,their medical recordhelps the physician diag

41、nose and treat their illness.The admitting officeschedules patients for admission at the request of their physician and assigns them to a room. And the business office lists each patient's charges, prepares a bill, and records payments received.（分数： 8.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：B）解析： 主旨归纳 第二段的段意为“病人会到医院住一

42、段时间来治疗疾病，根据病情的不同，有的住的长些，有的住的短些。（2） .Paragraph 4. （分数： 1.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：E）解析： 主旨归纳 第三段段意为“特殊的医院照料特定的疾病和病人，例如，康复中心对精神和身体残疾的人提供恢复健康的帮助。 ”（3） .Paragraph 5. （分数： 1.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：D）解析： 主旨归纳 第四段段意为“医院也可能提供除了医治病人以外的服务” 。（4） .Paragraph 6. （分数： 1.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：A）解析： 主旨归纳 第五段段意为“在专业服务部门，医生的职责是领导医院的庞大医疗

43、队伍，而护士是在医生的指导下进行大部分的对病人的护理工作。 ”填空项 1: （正确答案：C）解析： 句意剖析 见第一段， “ A hospital is an institution that provides medical services for acommunity. ”医院是一个为社区提供医疗服务的机构。 （6） .The doctors, nurses, and other personnel of a hospital treat and cure disease,. （分数： 1.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：B）解析：直接定位见第一段，"The doctors,

44、 nurses, and other personnel of a hospital”医院的医生，护士以及其他工作人员的工作是使病员和受伤的人恢复健康。他们还致力于疾病的预防并保持社区内人们的健康。有一些医院也成为医疗教育和研究的中心。（7） .An intern is a doctor serving as an assistant resident in a hospital, generally justafter. （分数： 1.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：A）解析： 句意剖析 见第五段， “ These interns have come from medical school

45、s and work in a hospitalfor practical experience. ”这些实习医生是从医学院毕业并且在医院获得实践经验的。（8） .The departments of hospital laboratories, radiology department and medical records departmenthelp physicians. （分数： 1.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：E）解析： 直接定位 见最后一段，医院实验进行帮助医生诊断和治疗病痛的试验；放射科拍摄X 光片，给医生诊断和治疗病痛提供帮助；档案科保留每个病人的栏案，如果以往的病人回

46、到医院，他们的病历档案会帮助医生诊断和治疗他们的疾病。四、 B 第 4 部分：阅读理解/B（ 总题数：3 ，分数：45.00）B 第一篇 /BSocial anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leadingnormal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed.Thirty-six percent of those with social

47、 anxiety disorder have symptomsfor 10 years or more before seeking help, the Anxiety DisordersAssociation of America reports.Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent andirrational fear of social or performance situations, Jerilyn Ross, theassociation's president and CE

48、O,said during a teleconference Wednesday. The condition causes people to avoid common,everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves, Ross said.Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ro

49、ss noted. It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships, she said.People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Ross noted. But they feel powerless to do anything about it, she said.Social anxiety disorder can start in the early

50、 teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference.This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on, Pollack said. The typical age of onset is early adolescence

51、, age 12 or 13, and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood. The disorder also has physical symptoms, including heart palpitations, feelings that their throat will close up, sweating, blushing, faintness, trembling and stammering, Ross said.Among people with the

52、 disorder, 75 percent said the condition affectedtheir ability to do normal activities. In addition, 69 percent said they didn't want people to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition, Ross said.However, when the condition is diagnosed and treated, man

53、y reported improvement in their lives. In fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship. In addition, 39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get

54、help, Ross noted. （分数： 15.00 ）（1） .People with social anxiety disorder are known for their fear of . （分数： 3.00 ）A.being left aloneB.leading normal livesC.embarrassing other peopleD.facing social or performance situationsV解析： 直接定位 第三段写道，社交焦虑者对social or performance situation 有强烈、持久、非理性的恐惧。（2） .What do

55、 people with social anxiety disorder think of their fear? （分数： 3.00 ）A.They think it's beyond their control.VB.They think it's beneficial.C.They think it's controllable.D.They think it's justified.解析： 直接定位 第六段写到，社交焦虑者也知道自己的行为是非理性的，但觉得无力改变。（3） .Which is NOT true of people with social

56、anxiety disorder? （分数： 3.00 ）A.They're often isolated and ashamed.B.They find it difficult to make friends.C.They often fail to get timely treatment.D.They tend to judge or criticize other people.V解析： 逐项排除 文中写了社交焦虑者的一般情况：孤立，害羞，难以和人交往，而且常被误诊。只有D 没有提到。（4） .The symptoms of social anxiety disorder i

57、nclude all the following EXCEPT. (分数： 3.00 )A.heart palpitationsB.sore throat VC.sweatingD.blushing解析：逐项排除A、C、D在第二和第五段有提及，B文中没有出现。（5） .It can be seen from the last paragraph that treatment of the disorder. (分数： 3.00 )A.has no positive effect at allB.is unavailable to most sufferersC.tends to be refu

58、sed by the sufferersD.can lead to improvement in the sufferers' livesV解析： 直接定位 末段写到，如果得到诊断治疗，社交焦虑还是可以缓解的。B 第二篇 /BPain is easier to endure if you know you can end it. Speakers at a session evidencenew have section psychology Association's British the at pain on to support this idea for two co

59、mmon experiences of pain: in childbirth and at the dentist's. On the other side of the coin, their inability to control pain may explain why some people with continual pain have psychological problems as well.Dr. J. Robinson found out about the phenomenon of self-controlled pain almost by accident. H