2022年2022年教师资格考试中学教育知识与能力章节考点6

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载老师资格考试中学训练学问与才能章节考点6.2（ teacherqualificationexamination、middleschooleducation、knowledge and competence、 chapter 6.2）teacher qualification examination、 middle school education、 knowledge and competence、 chapter 6.2the second section、psychologicalcounselingformiddleschool studentsi. c

2、ontents of psychological counseling for middle school studentsthe objectofmiddleschoolstudents psychological counselingisthenormal schoolstudents、usuallyby providinginformation、 change the environment、 promote the students' self-educationand self-improvement、tooptimizethepsychologicalqualityofst

3、udents. the purpose of psychological counseling、 including learningcounseling、emotionaland interpersonalrelationship counseling and occupation selection counseling.i learning guidancethe factors influencing the students' learning both external teachers social ethos、 school management、 teaching l

4、evel、 family education and other factors、 there are also students' own factors、 but more important is the students' intelligence level、 learning motivation、 learning interest、 attitude、belief、 learning methods and habits of the role of internal factors. psychological counseling to help stude

5、nts improvelearningmotivation、establishcorrectlearningattitudesand精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载beliefs、scientificgrasp of cognitive strategies and improve cognitive level、 form good learning habits、 to teach studentshow to learn.1. enhance learning motivationmotivationistheinternalmotivationof learning ac

6、tivities、 it can stimulate students' learning behavior; learningbehavior to guide students to a certain goal; maintain andstrengthen or weaken learning behavior、 achieve the goals of learning. students' learning motivation mainly by achievement motivation、 communication motivation and curios

7、ity formed.therefore、 reinforcement learning motivation means setting appropriate level of aspiration、 give full play to theirability、 to establish a good interpersonal environment. in addition to using the traditional way of teacher feedback in learning to improve students' learning motivation、

8、 we should pay more attention to adjust their expectations for students、encourage studentstosuccess、so thatstudentscan experience a sense of achievement. self motivation.2. cultivate interest in learningthe interest is the selectivity towards the objective things、 the enthusiasm it can affect a pers

9、on's behavior throughemotionalresponse、which isinterestedintheirwork and study、do you feelhappy and comfortable、learningefficiencyishigh; on the contrary、 if the lack of enthusiasm、 face is notinterestedinwork and studytheefficiencyislow.formiddleschool students、 their learning to a certain exte

10、nt governed by interest and emotion、 so the cultivation of students'精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载interest in is to help them understand the impact of the interest in learning、 understand their learning interest、 tofindthe reasonsforthelackofinterestinvariousdisciplines、 cultivate interest in learning.

11、3. correct attitude towards learningcan organize students to discuss their learning attitude is correct: there is no neglect、 indifference、 or avoidance of psychological dependence; what is a good learning attitude; different learning attitudes affect learning; in learningattitude、whichhave good per

12、formanceand shortcomings;how to improve poor learning attitude.4. master learning methodsbad learning methods of middle school students are: learning withoutplanning、not payingenough attention、not scientificuse oftime、rotelearning、lackofunderstandingofthe conceptand principle、do notpay attentiontole

13、arningstrategies、did not form a good cognitive structure、 can make use of theinformation、educationshouldguidestudentstomastercorrect learning methods.5.、 adjust the exam mentality、 learn the correct attributionthe examination is an important link of teaching、 it can teststudents'learninglevel;ex

14、aminationisa kindof competition、 to enable students to produce stress and anxiety. each highschool students have self-esteem and self-motivated、 when he had a premonition that underachievement hurt personal精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载self-esteemand future、willproduce anxiety.thistestanxiety is too strong

15、 and too weak will influence the efficiency oflearning.the appropriateanxietyishelpfultoconcentrateon preparing for the exam to be absorbed in.6. form the right learning beliefsfactorsaffectingstudents'effectivelearningand thinkingis the affective characteristics of the students、 the studentshel

16、d in one field of faith、 that is to say whether theyunderstandthemselvesinlearningand problem-solvingability and motivation.therefore、theformationofteachers'helpand guide the students to learn the correct belief、helps students avoid effective learning because of emotional factors7. learn to moni

17、tor the learning processmetacognition is the decisive factor to solve the problem ofsuccessfullearning、and skilledthinking.metacognition、one hand referstothe knowledge about individualcognitivesubject、 cognitive tasks、 cognitive strategies、 metacognitiveknowledge; on the other hand refers to the sel

18、f regulating skills of their own cognitive activities、 i.e. metacognitive skills are important. the influence of metacognition on learning and solving problems、 in our educational practice、teachersof students' metacognitiveactivitiestogive enough attention、 especially the training system to stre

19、ngthen the metacognitive skills.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载two emotional and interpersonal counseling;1. emotional counselingemotion is the objective things for people to meet their ownneeds and thecorresponding attitudeexperience.accordingto the influence on people's feelings、 emotions can be divid

20、edinto positive emotions and negative emotions. two kinds of positive emotions is conducive to physical and mental healthofmiddleschoolstudents.intheemotionalcharacteristicsof impulsive、 unstable and extreme etc.、 to his bad mood lack ofprofound understanding. therefore、 teachers in teaching、 tolets

21、tudentsunderstandthe moodand performanceon theeffects of physical and mental health; then、 students are required to understandtheemotionalcharacteristicsoftheirown; thepost to let students learn to regulate their emotions. teachersshould encourage students to cultivate positive mood: also pay attent

22、ion to the emotional reaction degree、 that emotion is too strong and durable、 such as excessive joy and sorrow、 is notconducive to people's physical and mental health.2. interpersonal counseling(1) human relationsthe interpersonalrelationshipcontainsthreecomponents:one is the cognitive component

23、、 refers to the interpersonalrelationship statusof understanding、is thehumanperception of the results; the second is the emotional component、 is thebasisofinterpersonalrelationships、bothemotionallyrefers to the degree of attention and relationship; third is the精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载behavior of comp

24、onents、 means the actual intercourse and results external performance. students' interpersonal relationship refers to the relationship between people and people in the class in thought and emotion interact directly.(2) the main manifestations of interpersonal difficulties in middle school studen

25、tsthe lonely. loneliness is a kind of helpless、 caused by stray lonely boring and unpleasant emotional experience. thecharacteristicsofsocialphobia.socialphobiaisan abnormalfear and anxiety on normal social activities. the aggressive behavior. as setbacks、 anxiety restless、 rage、 wounding、 damaged g

26、oods、 for parents、 teachers and students also truculent and unreasonable、 aggressive behavior.(3) interpersonal counseling of middle school students;student relationship is the most basic interpersonalrelationshipamonghighschoolstudents.teachers shouldteach students how to deal with the conflicts be

27、tween students. theteacher-student relationship is also an importantinterpersonalrelationshipformiddleschoolstudentstolearn to get along with each otherthree career choice guidance;1.、 understand the profession、 cultivate professional consciousnessunderstanding of occupation understanding and work o

28、n job精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载requirementsforjobseekers.understandingofthework itself including thetask andperformother duties. humanrequirement includetheemployee'srequirementsofprofessionalknowledge and occupation skills、 personality、 physical ability、professional attitude and values etc. requir

29、ements. teachers to cultivate students' employment consciousness.2. provide professional informationhelpstudentslearnmore aboutcareerinformation、 employment information and social development3. help students understand themselvesone-sided emphasis on knowledge and learning、 especially pay attent

30、iontothecultivationofstudents'language abilityand logic ability、 while ignoring the development of other skillsand training、when thestudentsoutoftheschoolgate、facing the adaptability problem of choosing、 seeking business、employment and occupation、 they often do not know what to do、it is difficul

31、t to adapt to the diversified social development. therefore and students can through the evaluation of others to realize their potential、 can also come to know themselvesthrough their own ability、 can also ask experts about their activities of measurement and evaluation to a special understanding of

32、 their own.two、 the ways、principlesand goalsofpsychologicalcounseling for middle school students1 approaches to psychological counselling in schools精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载1. setting up courses on mental health education 2.、 open psychological counseling activities3.、 infiltrate the content of mental

33、 health education in subject teaching4.、combiningtheclassand team activitiestocarryoutmental health education5. individual counseling or counseling6. group counselingtwo the principle of psychological counseling 1.、 the principle of facing all students2.、 the principle of combining prevention with d

34、evelopment3. respect and understand the principles of students4. respect the principle of student subjectivity 5.、 the principle of individual treatment6.、 the principle of holistic developmentthree the aim of school psychological guidance;精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载the first is to adjust、 including the

35、 adjustment and adaptation. the second is to seek development. these two goals、 is to adjust the basic goal、 and this is the main goal of psychologicalcounseling can be called adaptive guidance; seek developmentisthehighestgoal、and thisisthemain goalofpsychological counseling can be called developme

36、nt counseling.three、 the main method of psychological counseling1. strengthening methodstrengtheningmethod isused todevelopnew adaptivebehavior. accordingtotheprincipleoflearning、a behavior、iffollowed by a reinforcingstimulus、thisbehaviorwillhappen again.for example、 a student can't talk with th

37、e teacher、 learningencountered difficult problems do not have the courage to asktheteacherforadvice、whenonce he dare totaketheinitiative to the teacher ask the teacher、 give praise、 and patientlyanswer、 the students can learn to take the initiative to askthe teacher's behavior.2. systematic dese

38、nsitizationsystematic desensitization refers to when someone for something、 a sensitive environment fear、 anxiety、 we can develop an incompatible reaction in the body、 which can causeallergicreactionstothings、sensitivereactiondoes notoccur.for example、 a student too afraid of the cat we can see、 let

39、 him choose cat pictures、 talk about cats; let him watch farcaged cat、lethim nearthecage cat;finallylethim touchthe cat、pickup thecat、thecat'sreactiontoeliminatefear.this精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载is the "desensitization". systematic desensitization pioneered by wal erpa systematic desensi

40、tization involves several steps:(1) relax the whole body(2) set up the scale of anxiety stimulationthe anxietyratingwas based on thesubjectivefeelingsofthe tutor、 and the top one was the stimulus that only caused theleast degree of anxiety(3) anxiety stimulation and relaxation activitieslet students

41、easilysiton thechair、close youreyes and make muscle relaxation exercise. to fully relax、 ask students toimagine the anxiety scale of the first stimulus stimulus situation、 and then transferred to imagine second stimulus situation. if the students feel nervous、 take muscle tension、 muscle relaxation

42、exercises and then at the same time. with a passion to imagine environment、 until no longer feel anxietyso far.30-40seconds torelaxmuscles afterexercise、imagine the rank table third stimulus situation. so through training、untiltheranktableofallstimulussituation、ifthe"relaxedimagination" tr

43、aining has some achievements、 can later be verified in reality in the context of.3. cognitive therapycognitive therapy produced in the united states in twentiethcentury60 to70s、accordingtopeople'scognition、emotionand精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载behavior affect the theoretical hypothesis、 the adverse c

44、ognitive cognitive and behavioral techniques to change the qiuzhi psychological therapy、 to correct and adapt to bad behavior.cognitivetherapyisa newlydevelopedmethod ofpsychological treatment、 mainly focus on its cognitive problems in patientswith non functional、 the intention of psychological prob

45、lemsby changingthepatienthimself、totheviewsand attitudesto change and improve the presentation.cognitive therapy is generally divided into four treatment processes:(1) establishing motivation for help: in this process、 weshouldrecognizemaladaptivecognition、an emotionalbehavior type、and patientsand t

46、herapiststoachievea consensus about their problems;give an explanation of the bad behavior and estimate theexpectedoutcome ofthecorrection.forexample、itallowsthe patient to monitor his thoughts、 feelings、 and behaviors、 andthe therapist gives directions、 explanations、 and cognitive demonstrations(2)

47、 tocorrectmaladaptivecognition:inthisprocess、patients should be allowed to develop new cognition and behavior toreplace maladaptive cognition and behavior. for example、 therapists instruct patients to apply new cognition and behavior extensively精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载(3) develop the concept of compe

48、tition in dealing with the problems of everyday life、 with new cognition against the original cognition. in this process、 let the patient will practice new cognitive model used in the social context、 toreplacetheoriginalcognitivemode. forexample、can makethe patient first imagine ways to solve proble

49、ms or practicesimulation of a certain situation or under certain conditions that were training with real experience.(4) change of self cognition: in this process、 as the new cognition and training results、 patients were asked to re evaluate the self efficacy and self cognition and role in dealing wi

50、th the situation. for example、 in the course ofpractice、letpatientsselfmonitoringbehaviorand cognition.4. visitor centered therapythe visitorcenterisalsocalledthepatientcenteredtherapy therapy、 is a unique theory system of famous humanismpsychologistrodgers intheperiodl9381950was founded.over the ye

51、ars、 this theory not only the theory and practice ofmental health、 but also on the educational psychology and the psychologyofmanagementtheoryand practice、has more and more influence widely.everyone has the survival、 growth and promote the development of their own instinct of self realization tenden

52、cy. rodgers believes that the treatment focused on the visitors here and internal mental performance、 always adhere to the harmony and frank visitors actively concerned about the conditions andbasic affection attitude towards the treatment of human精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载understanding、 the developmen

53、t tendency of self realization can make. the treatment of resources. this is a necessary and sufficient condition for the effectiveness of treatment.therefore、withoutusingwhat treatmenttechnology、shouldnot take direct attitude toward seeking help.5. rational emotive therapyrational emotive therapy r

54、et、 also called rational emotive therapy、 was founded in 1950s by ellis in the united states、 it is a kind of cognitive therapy、 because it adopts somemethods oftreatment、so itisalsocalledcognitivebehavioral therapy.on the whole、 rational emotive therapy has the following characteristics:(1) humanismr