中考专题复习——形容词和副词

1、中考专题复习资料15中考专题复习一一形容词和副词形容词一、形容词的作用与位置.形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。2、形容词在句子中的 位置：作定语时放在名词的前面。形容词修饰名词。女口： a big VeiloW W6odeh Chinese ship（一个黄色的大型中国木船）前置形容词（作定语）的顺序为：冠词+描述性形容词（Prettyuglykind 等）+表特征形容词（大形新年色） +专属形容词（国籍等）+材料+名词作表语时放在连系动词之后，构成系表结构。如：The idea sou nds great连系

2、动词主要有：be（am, is, are）, look看起来）,SOund （听起来），smell（闻起 来），taste （尝起来）,feel （感到，摸起来）.作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。女口： We must try Our best to keep Our enVirOnment Clean keep/fin d/make/th ink +宾语+形容词（作宾补卜）后置 修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。女口： SOmething SeriOUS has happened to him（他发生了严重的事故） 与表示长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如: He' S 1

3、.8 metretall.（他身高 1.8 米。）The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth .（月球离地 38 万公里）注意：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置:1修饰 some, any, every, nc和 body, thing, one等构成的 复合不定代词时no body abse nt, everythi ng POSSibIe2以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最咼级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only soluti on POSSibI

4、e3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等 可以后置the only PerS on awake4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5成对的形容词可以后置a huge room SimPIe and beautiful6形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on With、常见考点asleep睡着的；awake醒着的；alive1.只能作表语的形容词：afraid害怕；alone独自的;活着的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的例如，the man is ill.（正）the il

5、l man is my uncle.( 误 )2. 只能作定语的形容词： little 小的； only 唯一的； wooden 木质的； woolen 羊毛质的； elder 年长的例如， my elder brother is in beijing.( 正 )my brother is elder. ( 误 )3. 貌似副词的形容词： lonely 独自的； friendly 友好的； lively 生动的； lovely 可爱的4. 复合形容词： snow-white 雪白的 english-speaking 说英语的； glass-topped 玻璃罩的； full-time 全日制的

6、；well-known 众所周知的；kind-hearted 善良的；man-made人造的；take-away 可以带走的； ten-year-old 十岁的。课堂练习1. Miss Li is (严格的 ) with us, but she is the most popular teacher in ourschool.2.2. It is not safe for such a small child to swim 单( 独 )in the river.3. Learning Chinese is very popular among foreigners now. I'm

7、sure it will be used (wide) in the world.4. Eating too much fast food is not (health).5. (lucky), the sick boy had a successful operation at last.6. In some ways, the space shuttles travel fast, but the journey to Mars may be very (comfortable) .7. -The radio says it will be (rain) tomorrow, so we c

8、an't have a picnic inthe park.-What a pity!8. COngratulations! You' Ve anSWered all the qu正确Ofe)(9. (luck), John got back the notebook that he had lost at the cafe.10. Eat some vegetables and fruit every day because they are(health) food.三形容词常用句型1. “it 'dsj.+aof+sb.+ 不定式 ”表示 “某人 （做某事 ）怎么

9、样 ”。注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good（好的），kind（友善的），nice（友好的），polite（有礼貌的），CIeVer（聪明的），foolish（愚蠢的），lazy（懒惰的），CarefU 1（细 心的），CareIeSS（粗心的），right（正确的），wrong（错误的）等。例如， it 's Very kind of you to help me.（=you are Very kind to help me.） 你能帮助我，真好。it 's Very rude of her to say suCh words.（=she is Ve

10、ry rude to say suCh words.） 她说这样的话，真粗鲁。it 's foolish of him to go alone.（=he is foolish to go alone.）他单独出去太傻了。2. it ' s+adj.+for+Sb）'定式"表示做某事对某人来说怎么样”注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有 important（重要的），necessary必要的），difficult（困难 的），easy（容易的），hard（艰难的），dangerous（危险的），safe（安全的），USefUl（有益的），PIeaSant（舒 适的 ）

11、， interesting（ 有趣的 ）， impossi）le（ 不可能的 ）等。例如，it ' S not easy for them to Iearn a foreign Ianguage.（=to Iearn a foreign Ianguage is not easy for them.）对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。it ' S Very important for StUdents to Iisten to teachers CarefUlly.（=to Iisten to teachers CarefUIly is Very importa nt for St

12、Ude nts.）对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。it ' S necessary for US to get to school on time.（=to get to school on time is necessary for us.） 对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。3. 表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad（高兴的），PIeaSed（高兴的），sad（忧伤的），thankful（感激的）等常接不定式。例如，glad to See you.见到你非常高兴。i ' m Very Sad to hear the bad new听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。4.

13、表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready（乐意的，有准备的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），Certai n（ 定）等常接不定式。例如，Iei feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。he is SUre to get to school On time.他一定会按时至 U校。课堂练习翻译下面句子。1. 他夜晚一个人出去实在太危险了。2. 她很粗心，每天都上学迟到。3. 对于学生来说，每天复习是很必要的。四、形容词的比较级形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和

14、不规则变化两种。2、规则变化：（1）单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级的后面加上 er,est构成比较级和最高级。a）直接加er,est : b）以重读闭音节结尾的，要双写最后一个辅音字母后加er,est:C）以辅音字母+y结尾的，先把y改为i再加上er,est:（2）两个音节或两个以上的音节的，在原级前加 more / most.3、不规则变化原级比较级最咼级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；（身体）好的，bad, badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的，更糟糕地；worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；ill（身体）不舒服的（身体）更不舒服的（身体）最不舒服的many许

15、多的（可数）more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的（不可数）；非常Iittle少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的（地）furthest最深刻的（地）4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法:级别比较程度表达方式和意义例句备 注原级同 等 程 度冃 定 形 式As+原级+as（像一样）Art is as in terest ing as music.Play as well as you can.否疋形式not + so （as） + 原级 +as（不如那样）English is no

16、t so difficult asSCie nce.She does not think SWim ming is as in terest ing as hik ing.注意I donthink否定前移句型比较级不同程度（用于两者比 较）比较级+tha n（比）Jim is older tha n Luky.I like pork better tha n beef.比较级前面 可以加much, far, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit 等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越）The + 比较级，the +比较级（越,越）He is grow ing

17、 taller and taller.He StUdieS better and better.The more books She reads, the better She Un dersta nd.最高级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The + 最高级 +of （in）（最）SPring is the best SeaSOn Of the year.Lin Tao jumped （the） farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the往往省略注意：有些形容词，女口 dead, empty, round, sure, WooIen等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。5、形容词比较级与

18、最高级的特殊用法举例： HiS bike is newer than hers.见到 than 必须用比较级） Jim is the tallest in our class.在班集等集体内用介词in来表示比较的范围） Jim is the tallest Of all （the StUdens）.（见到 of all 要用最高级）=Of all the StUde nts, Jim is the tallest. Jim is the tallest of the three.（见到 of the three要用最高级） WhiCh is bigger, a tiger or a mon k

19、ey ?两者比用比较级） WhiCh is the biggest, a tiger, a dog or a mon key ?（三者或三者以上比用最高 级） ThiS ruler is short , PleaSe give mea longer one. I ' d like bigger （one）of the two CakeS .（两者中 较”用 “the比较级”Tom is two years Older than I.汤姆比我大两岁。 Tom is twice as Old as I.汤姆的年龄是我的两倍。（11） The number Of the StUdents i

20、n Our school ispigger/Iarger/smaller than yours. 我们学校的学生数目比你们学校大/小。（两个数量/目只级比较大小，不能 比较多少（价格PriCe只能比较高低，用“high或 “low,”不能比较贵或便宜） 6比较级与最高级的互换 .Jim is taller than any other boy in our class.（姆比我们班上任何一个男孩 都高）=Jim is taller than the other boys in our class.（在我们班上吉姆其它的男孩高）=Jim is taller than any of the oth

21、er boys in our class.=Jim is the tallest boy in our class.（吉姆是我们班最高的） .Jim is taller than any girl in our class.（吉姆比我们班的任何一个女孩都高） .Tom isn ' t as/so tall as Mike. = Tom is ShOrter than Mike.=Mike is taller than Tom. = Tom is less tall than Mike. .This book isn' t as/so interesting aShat book

22、.=ThiS book is IeSS interesting than that book =That book is more interesting than this book.7、比较级前常用的修饰语：比较级前常用 a bit/a Iittle （点），much/a lot （非常），evenfar（更加）,stil l 等词语表示程度。而表示数量的 more之前还可以加some/ any no/one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot 等词。例如：She is a IittIe taller than I （me）.Rose is muchmore CarefU

23、I tha n Tom.Would you like some more COffee?你还要些咖啡吗？ ） He did not eat anymore.（他没有再吃）8、 使用形容词和副词比较级和最高级应注意事项：1. than必须放在形容词比较级的后面。2. 形容词的最高级前必须有the,而副词的最高级前the可以省略。3. 在进行比较时，必须是同类事物相比较。 HiS ruler is Ion ger tha n I.（错） HiS ruler is Ion ger tha n min e.对）The Weather here is hotter thanhat in Beijing.

24、（that 不能少）课堂练习1. It WaSWeather that they decided to go out for a PiC ni无锡市A. SUCh fineB. SUCh a fine C. so fineD. so fine a2. My Parents will go there by taxi because it is raining.A. badlyB. hardly C. PrObabIyD. heavily3. Da niel is a CarefUI driver, but he drivesof my frie nds.苏州市A. more CarefUIly

25、 B. the most CarefUIly C. less CarefUIly D. the least CarefUIly4. MrS Ki ng kept Weighi ng herself to See how muchShe WaS gett ing.A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest5. Did you watch the basketball match last weekend? Yes, I did. It was covered, and I think it was wonderful.A. live B.

26、 alive C living D. lively6. The girl's voice sounds. Maybe she can become a good singer when shegrows up.A. sweet B. sweetly C. beautifully7. How are you today, Bob? I'm evennow. I don't think the medicine isgood for me.A. better B. worse C. happier D. unluckier8. Billy has all kinds Of

27、differe nt ideas. He isto be a famous writer.宿迁市A. enough creativeB. creative enoughC. energetic enough D. enough energetic9. Helen learns to dance three times a week. Now she dancesAnita does.A. so good asB. as well asB. C. as good asD. so well as10. When the fire broke out, many people were sothat

28、 they ran.A. frightening; wildB. frightened; wildC. frightened; wildlyD. frightening; wildly11. The work is too difficult for Mr Zhu to finish in a week. He needsdays.A. more twoB. two moreC. two anotherD. another more12. In the Science Museum, the children feltto see so manythings.A. surprised; ama

29、zedB. surprising; amazingC surprising; amazedD. surprised; amazing13. It was music that I lost myself in it. 泰州市A. such a beautiful B. so beautiful aC. so beautifulD. such beautiful14. Be . Make sure not to make the same spelling mistake next time.A. peacefulB. carefulC. helpfulD. thankful15. When a

30、n earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should keep calm and goto an open area as as possible.A. slowlyB. quietlyC. widely D. quickly16. I've got nothing to do. I'm .A. boredB. interestedC. excitedD. frightened17. She was well dressed that she attracted everyone's attention at th

31、e party.A. soB. quiteC. tooD. very18. Peter drivesAmy, so it will take Peter time to get to the hotel.A. much faster than; lessB. more slowly than; lessC as fast as; moreD. as slowly as; more副词副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。 从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为 24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的 能力。-考查重点中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的

32、用法、 副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。其中，频度副词 always, Often , USUaIly , SometimeS, never,时间副词 already, yet, still , just,疑问畐U词 how, Why , Whe n , Where,程度畐U词 eno ugh, quite 以及 too, also, either 等的用法区别，畐恫比较等级句型是考查的热点。副词的分类：（见下表）时间副词频度副词地点/方位副 词程度副词方式副 词疑问/连接副 词其他副词today, tomorrow,On ce,here, there,very, too,well

33、,how,too, also,yesterday, now.twice,home, below,eno ugh,hard,where,nor, so,the n, early, late,always,any where,rather, quite,alo ne,Whe n,as, on,off,once, Soon ,just,usually,above, outside,how, so,fast,why,either,toni ght, l ong,ofte n,in, in side, out,much, just,together,Whetheryes, no,already, yet

34、, before,SOmetimeSJback, up, dow n,n early, OnlySUdde nly,however, etc.not, n eitherago, later, ever Si ncen ever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly结尾关系副词maybe,after, Whe never(seldom),n ear, n earby,as Iong as等，的副词where,PerhaPs,first, someday,ever,WhereVereven, all,why, howCertai nly,SOmetime, last,

35、everywhere,a little, a bitWhe n,、副词的基本用法：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。例如，1.we should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。2. he is Very happy today.他今天非常高兴。3. “ What happened” i asked rather angrily.发生什么事情了？”我相当生气地问。4. in SPring , i Can See flowers everywhere.在春天，我至U处都能看至U花。三、

36、常见副词用法辨析1.already与yet的区别already用于肯定句句中，表示 已经” ；yet用于否定句句末，表示 还”，用于疑问句句末, 表示已经”例如，he had already left When i called.当我给他打电话时，他已经离开了。have you found your ruler yet ?你已经找到你的尺子了吗？1 haven ' t finiShed my homework yet我还没有完成作业。注意：already还可以表示惊奇，惊讶等语气，常用于疑问句句末例如：has your Songone to school already?你的儿子已经上

37、学了吗？（表示很惊讶）2 Very , much 禾口 Very much.的区另Uvery 用于修饰形容词或副词的原级； much 用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词 要用 very much.例如， john is very honest. 约翰非常诚实。this garden is much bigger than that one. 这个花园比那个大的多。thank you very much. 非常感谢你3.so 与 such 的区别 so 修饰形容词或副词 ;such 修饰名词， 例如， my brother runs so fast that i can ' t fo

38、llow him. 我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。he is SUCh a boy他是一个这样的孩子。so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“So形容词+aan+可数名词单数”.sUCh 可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是“ such+a/an形容词+可数名词单数 ”“ SUCh形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”. 例如， he is so Clever a boy.=he is sUCh a Clever boy. 他是一个如此聪明的孩子。it is such cold weather. 这么冷的天气。 （正）it is so cold

39、weather.（ 误 ）they are such good students. 他们是那么好的学生。（正）they are so good students. （误 ）如果可数名词复数前有many， few 或不可数名词前有 much， little 修饰，用 so 不用such.例如，so many（如此多的）；so few（如此少的）可以加可数名词复数so much（如此多的）；so little（如此少的）可以加不可数名词4. also， too， as well 与 either 的区别also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be动词，情态动词，助动词之后，行为

40、动 词之前； as well， too 用于句末； either 用于否定句中，置于句末。例如， my father is a teacher. my mother is also a teacher.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher as well.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher， too.我爸爸是一名老师，我妈妈也是。i Can ' t SPeak french. jenny can ' t SPeaketfeecl我不会说法语，詹妮也不会。5. s

41、ometime ， sometimes， some time 与 some times 的区别SOmetime :某一时间，某一时刻，可指将来时，也可指过去时SOmetimeS :有时，不时的some time： 一 段时间some times :几次，几倍. 例如， we' ll have a test sometime next month. 下个月的某一时间，我们要进行一次测试。SOmetimeS We are busy and SOmetimeS We are not.有时我们很忙，有时不忙。 he stayed in beijing for some time last ye

42、ar. 他去年在北京呆了一段时间。 i have been to beijing some times. 我去过北京好几次。6. ago 与 before 的区别ago 表示以现在为起点的 “以前 ”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。 before 指过去或将来的某时刻 “以前 ”，也可泛指以前， 常和完成时连用， 可以单独使用。例如， i saw him ten minutes ago. 我十分钟之前看到的他。he told me that he had seen the film before. 他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。7. now ， just 与 just now 的区别now

43、:与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为现在”just:与现在完成时、过去完成时连用，表示刚”just now :和过去时连用，表示 刚才”. 例如， where does he live now ？他现在住哪里？ we have just seen the film. 我们刚看过这场电影。he was here just now. 他刚才在这里。课堂练习一、根据句意和所给的首字母，写出副词的完整形式。1. The boy fell off his bike and hurt himself b .2. “ Why are late for school again? ” the te

44、acher asked a.3. I didn ' t see mduring the flight because there are tmuch cloud.4. He is snice a person that we all like him.5. The wordson the blackboard are so small that I can' t see them c.6. You can ' t drive a car. I can ' t e.7. Please speak l, I can ' t hear you.8. The g

45、reen lights don' t shine so b as the yellow ones.9. How fdid he run? Two miles.10. Lucy studies Chinese hthan Lily; so she does bin Chinese than Lily.11. He often takes a lift to go up and d.12. Then he gets oof the lift and climb uto the fifteenth floor on foot.13. Go along this road and turn r

46、at the second crossing.14. I got up eand hurried to the station.15. The old man was too tired to walk any f.16. You don ' t write so cas before.17. The truck hit the tree so hthat it fell down.18. LI was at home when she called.19. Look! The kite is flying hand h.20. The children rushed nto thei

47、r seats.21. You came to school lin your class yesterday.22. Lucy did rather b. Mei mei did w. Lily did wof all.23. How wthe little girl is dancing over there.24. My mother coughed tfor the whole night.25. Old people must be spoken to p.二、选择题1. The sun rises in the east.A. never B. sometimes C. alway

48、s D. often2. I always listen to the teacher in class. It ' s very clever of you to do that.A. freeB. freely C. careful D. carefully3. They could do the work better with money and people.A. little, fewer B. fewer, less C. less, fewer D. less, few4. Mon day is myday.A. the busiest B. busyC. busier

49、D. busiest5. Mr. Taylor, the bank man ager ofte n dressesmoreto get relaxed at theWeeke nds.A . carefullyB. no rmallyC. CaSUaIIy D. particularly6. Jenny, a man n amed Tom PhOned you. He asked you to call him back.A. now and the nB. just nowC. right nowD. from now on7. Tom isof the two.A. the youn ge

50、r B. the youn gestC. youn ger D. the young8. Whatnews it was! Yes, all of the ChiIdre n Were.A. excited; excit ingB. excit ing; excitedC. excit ing; excit ingD. excited ; excited9. The Pia nos in this shop are asas the ones in that shop.A. CheaPB. CheaPeSt C. CheaPer D. the CheaPeSt10. It ' S Wi

51、nter now. It is getting.A. Very cold and coldB. colder and colderC. more cold and coldD. coldest and coldest专题复习：完型填空My mom only had one eye. I hated her.There WaS one day duri ng Primary school Whe n my mom Came to Say hello to me. How could She 61_ this to me? I threw her a hateful look and ran ou

52、t. The next day one of my CIaSSmateS said, "EEEE,' your mom only has one eye!" I Wan ted my mom to just disappear 消肖失）'from my life. I told her that day, "If you're only making OtherS laugh at me, Why don't you just 62 ?" My mom WaS sile nt. I did n't 63 to th

53、ink about What 1 had said, because I WaS full of an ger.I Wanted out of that 64, and have nothing to do With her. I StUdied hard andWent to Korea. 651 had my own family. 1 WaS happy With my life and myChiIdre n.One day, my mom Came to ViSit me. When She stood by the door, my ChiIdren laughed. I ShOU

54、ted at 66, “ How dare you come to my house and SCare惊吓）my ChiIdre n!' GET .OUT OF HERE! NOW!" My mom quietly an SWered," Oh, I'm so sorry. I may have gotte n the wrong 67," and She Went away.One day, I Came back for a school reunion （聚会）.My n eighbors SaW me and told me my mom

55、 died. They 68 me a letter.My dearest son,I thi nk of you all the time. I'm sorry that I WaS an embarrassme nt to you Whe n you Were grow ing up.You see.when you Were Very little, you got into an accident, and lost your eye. AS a mother, I could n't69 you hav ing to grow UP With one eye. So

56、I gave you mine.I WaS so 70 of my son who WaS See ing a whole new world for me, in my place, With that eye.With all my IOVe to you, YOur mother()61. A. SayB. doC. expla inD. throw()62. A. comeB. leaveC. dieD. Start()63. A. stopB. needC. WantD. Care()64. A. schoolB. classC. hospitalD. house()65. A. StillB. ThenC. Agai nD. SUdde nly()66. A. themB. youC. itD. her()67. A. addressB. ideaC. timeD. key()68. A. wroteB. SentC.han