高考英语写作要点

1、高考英语写作要点上海卷写作部分评分标准档次内容语百组织结构A9109T045B78783C56562D34341E02020一.评分标准：总分为25分，其中内容10分，语言10分，组织结构5分。1 .内容部分：A.内容充实，主题突出，详略得当。B.内容较充实，能表达出作文要求。C.内容基本充实，尚能表达出作文要求。D.漏掉或未能写清主要内容，有些内容与主题无关。E.明显漏掉主要内容，严重离题。2 . 语言部分A.有较好的语言表达能力，语法结构正确或有小错误，主要是使用了较复杂结构或词汇所致。B.有较好的语言表达能力，语法结构和词汇的应用基本正确。C.有一些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解

2、。D.语法结构与词汇的错误较多，影响了对内容的理解。E.语法结构与词汇的错误很多，影响了对内容的理解。3 .组织结构部分：A.自然地使用了语句间的连接成分，全文流畅结构紧凑，句子结构多样，词汇丰富。B.能使用语句连接成分，全文流畅结构紧凑，句子结构多样，词汇较丰富。C.能使用简单的语句连接成分，全文内容连贯。句子结构有一定的变化，词汇使用得当。D.尚能使用语句间的连接成分，语言连贯性较差。句子结构单调，词汇较贫乏。E.缺乏语句间的连接成分，语言不连贯。词不达意。二.作文的篇章结构：1 .引言段 2。主题段 3。结论段篇章结构最好为三段式。第一段一定要开门见山地导入主题的揭示和表达，而不是要“下

3、笔千言，离题 万里”。第二段一般由几个段落构成，是整篇文章的重点。要先给出主题句，点明段落主题，然后提供事例、事 实、数据等细节内容。第三段一般总结所述，把讨论的问题或谈及的要点作一概括，点明主题，并使之 深化。话题式议论文话题式议论文要求学生根据中文提示的话题写出一篇短文。这类作文以说理为主，作者不仅要提出自己的观点，而且要充分论证自己观点的正确性。例：(1)Nowadays, the money in children s pockets is getting more and more. Some people just consider this phenomenon to be a

4、symbol of rising standard of living. But I tend to think it will spoil the children. Several reasons can account for this.For one thing, too much pocket money leads children to form a bad habit. They use money as they like, without thinking whether the things they will buy are useful or not.In addit

5、ion, such heavy pockets just abstract them from their studies. They are just lost in the video games.It is true that it is not good to give children too much money. But if the issue is treated properly by parents and children, it can develop the children s ability in dealing with money matters at th

6、eir age.(2)Nowadays, pocket money is a heated topic as most children have much more money than before. Some people think it harmful to children s growing up. But I m afraid I don t quite agree with it.First, money plays an important part in our life. Children also have their own lives. When they spe

7、nd their pocket money on what they like, they will feel convenient and cheerful.Second, having adequate quantity of pocket money has its positive effect on children s all-round ability. How to use their pocket money may well become a challenge as well as happiness. During the process of spending mon

8、ey, their self-control ability and economic knowledge will be steadily improved.Frankly speaking, money can also lead children to vanity. But the way to solve the problem is not to avoid it but to face it straight. It is sensible to give children appropriate amount of pocket money and teach them to

9、make good use of it independently.I suppose, through the use of pocket money, children will learn far more than the money itself.要点式议论文写好这类文章要注意必须认真研究提示，只有理解了提示的含义，才能抓住要点，明确主题，有效地组织与主题有关的素材。例：As we all know, about 3/4 of the world is covered by water. So it is reasonable for some people to think tha

10、t our fresh water is inexhaustible.But as a matter of fact, our fresh water is in rather short supply. There is a growing need for water with the increase of the population. Furthermore, our fresh water is polluted more and more seriously.Then, what shall we do? First, we should form a habit of savi

11、ng water. In addition, it is necessary for us to protect our fresh water from being polluted. Of course, there are many other ways to help it get rid of shortage.In a ward, every individual has the responsibility to take care of our limited fresh water. Please remember: Water is to the world what bl

12、ood is to a man.图画式议论文图画式议论文是英语高考试题常采用的一种书面表达形式。其特点是通过观察和分析单幅或一组画，把图画内容转化成文字信息。图画作文的结构一般如下：第一段描绘图画，一般不超过三分之一篇幅，第二段揭示画旨，第三段发表评论或提出建议，占主要篇幅。例 :On a crowded bus, an old man was leaning against the seat. He was so tired that he even fell asleep. Instead of rising to offer a seat, a group of young people

13、 just made fun of the old man s being able to sleep while standing. This scene just leads to a serious social topic, that is, how to respect the old.Without doubt anyone will grow old. Making fun of old people s possible inconvenience not only shows people s ignorance of the objective law of nature,

14、 but also reflects their lack of love for others. Actually, we should take some practical measures to respect and take care of the elderly. We are supposed to give seats to old people on buses. We ought to try our best to help them enjoy the beauty of life. In a word, we need to take care of them wi

15、th patience to children, respect them with the love for our own parents, and comfort them with our confidence for the future.We share the same ideal as our forefathers, that is, to fight for a thriving and prosperous future. We d better never forget the respect for the old people is simply vital to

16、the happiness of the whole society.书信式议论文同样是表达个人的观点，书信式议论问的写作与一般议论式议论文的措辞略有不同。书信中可融进少 量口语体的句子(如祈使句、感叹句) 。 表达陈述看法时可用I believe / think / guess / suppose .that + 表述内容提出劝告、建议时可用 It would / could be fine to You might as well等。 提出请求、讯问意向时可用：I would ( very much ) like to . Could you ; Would you I waswonder

17、ing if ;I wondered if .等。例：Dear Xiaoping,I m so glad to share some of your recent news. I can clearly recall your excellence in junior school. But I don t thinkbeing a top student would be the single goal of your life. There are other interesting and important things in the world.Since we are educat

18、ed in school, we are, to some extent, compared and judged by the score we get in exams. Such comparison and judgment just goes so far. The pursuit of high scores never makes one s life more colorful and meaningful. Have you noticed one report that one student in Zhejiang province killed his mother u

19、rged him to be top three in his class. He felt so desperate when he failed in one of the exams.Do you think that life has many aspects? Being a top student is only a small part of it. There are many things left un-explored by us. Don t get upset because you are not number one any more. I m sure that

20、 you can catch up and obtain the position again. What is more important, once you look ahead and pay attention to the things other than scores, you will find that life could be so different and rich.记叙文的写作记叙文是用来陈述事件的文体， 在日常生活中是富有表现力的。在写记叙文时，要注意： 第一，语法无纰漏。特别要注意时态是否一致，主谓是否一致，时态是否以一贯中。第二， 避免流水账式的呆板陈述，要

21、注入感情色彩。例：On a cold November afternoon, I was on my way home from supermarket. I was feeling a little tired, as I was carrying our shopping bags of snacks and the video.They were so heavy that I decided to throw away some things. So I started to walk towards the garbage can when I noticed a poor man

22、walking in front of me. He held a paper bag with his dirty hand. He headed over to another nearby Garbage can and started looking through it.I suddenly felt very guilty because I was about to throw away a new drink just because it was heavy. I knew this man would take all he could get, so I walked u

23、p to him and handed the drink and some snacks over to him. The man, with lines on his face and wrinkles on his forehead, looked up in surprise and took what I gave him.A broad smile spread across his face and this caused me to feel indescribable satisfaction. I felt as I couldn't be happier with

24、 myself. I got a warm feeling inside and I knew that I had done something good, for the man. I now understand what is meant by the saying “ givings getting”. Although I only took a little action and a few words, I gained and learned more in those two minutes than I did in the rest of the mouth. I le

25、arned the greatest lesson about kindness, a lesson I will never forget.The image of that man 's happiness caused by my small gift appears in my mind every time I have the chance to do something nice. This is the power of charity.说明文的写作图表型说明文在近年来高考试卷中经常出现。由于图表型作文是将现成的图形以文字形式再现出来,因此这种表达需要一定的语言功底。第

26、一段描述图表，一般不超过总篇幅的三分之一。第二段分析表项 数据产生的原因。第三段预测走势，一般是一言带过。例：根据图表，简要描述某城市家庭电脑的增长 情况，并分析其增长原因。30.0%25.0%20.0%15.0%10.0%5.0%0.0%According to the chart, the number of American households owning a personal computer has increased tremendously. In 1980, only 0.2 percept of American house holds owned a personal

27、computer, however, during the later years of the decade, the proportion of the owners has dramatically increased.A number of facts might contribute to this phenomenon. One of the most important reasons can be thedevelopment of national economy and the rise of people s living standard, which made it

28、possible for Americans to buy their personal computers.In addition, since people paid much attention to the efficiency of work, the computer, as a good helper, was in great need.What s more, with science and technology improved, the quality of computers became better, while the price of it became lo

29、wer, this attracted more people to buy the computers.The future for the computer is very promising. Maybe some day it will truly be the personal computer.三 正确使用过渡性词语1. 表时间的过渡词at present, currently, today, lately, recently, at the same time, meanwhile / in the meanwhile, in the meantime, afterward, s

30、ince then, soon after, soon.例 At present children under 14 are not permitted in bars. ：I was afraid of her, but at the same time I I really liked her.He was taken to hospital but died soon afterward.I became short sighted when I was six. And I ve been wearing glasses since then.2. 表示次序的过度渡词First of

31、all, firstly, to begin with, second, secondly, furthermore, besides, in addition, moreover,Third, thirdly, finally, last but not least, apart from, rather than, also.例 Apart from the price, the style is not good.In my opinion, work is the source of ones happiness and pride rather than a punishment o

32、r a burden.In addition, I don t like the way he talked with his desk mate.Last but not least, we should be aware of the difficulties we ll face in the future.3. 表示原因，理由和结果的过渡词Because of, due to, because, as a result, consequently, hence / therefore / thus, so.例 I have to quit because of a lack of mo

33、ney.He failed to pass the test. As a result, he lost an opportunity to work in the company.The flight was cancelled due to the storm.It s raining outside, therefore we should wear raincoats.The rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded.They studied hard and thus they passed the exam.4. 表示比较或对比的过渡词语Likewise / similarly, on the contrary, however, in spite of / despite, on the other hand, nevertheless, while, be similar to, share in common, opposite to, A dif