LivingEnvironmentQuia生活环境的权威

1、1会计学LivingEnvironmentQuia生活环境的权生活环境的权威威iodine = starch indicator solutionBenedicts solution = glucose indicator solution must be heated we used a dialysis tube to simulate a semi-permeable cell membrane the dialysis tube was filled with glucose solution and starch solution, sealedand rinsed with wat

2、er it was placed in a beaker with water and iodine and allowed to sitresults ofstarch test inside and outside of cellresults of glucosetest outside of cellglucose moleculepart of a starchmoleculeosmosis diffusion of water across a semi-permeable cell membrane from region of highconcentration to a re

3、gion of low concentration no energy needed (passive transport)cell wallcytoplasmred onion cellsin tap watercell membranebathing the cells in 10% NaCl = salt water, by “wicking”it through NaClred onion cells insalt watercytoplasmcell wallcell membranebathing the cells in distilled water, by “wicking”

4、 itthroughcell wallcytoplasmred onion cellsin distilled water returned to normalcell membraneWhich is in distilled water andwhich is in salt water?Making Connectionspulse results from expansion ofarteries each time your heartbeats to send a surge of bloodthrough your body measured pulse three times

5、and found average pulse rate tallied class average pulse rates after exercise, pulse increased heart beats faster - increasing circulation - to carry moreoxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body breathe faster to obtain more O2 and release CO2 respiratory and circulatory systems working togethe

6、r to maintain homeostasis squeezed clothespin for one minute counted squeezed again for one minute using same hand the second time number of squeezes was lower dueto muscle fatigueStudent Aclaims more clothespinsqueezes in 1 minute ifexercises 1st fasterpulse rate, bloodgetting to muscles fasterStud

7、ent Bclaims more clothespinsqueezes in 1 minute ifrests 1st exercise usesenergy - resting personwill have more energyconduct a controlled experiment to determinewhich claim is correctQuestion: Can you squeeze a clothespin moretimes in one minute if you exercise or rest beforehand?Hypothesis: (tentat

8、ive statement about the expectedrelationship between the variables) You can squeeze aclothespin more times in one minute if you rest first.Title: The Effect of Exercise and Rest on ClothespinSqueezing RateDependent variable: (what you measure) number of timesthe clothespin can be squeezed in one min

9、uteIndependent variable: (the one we vary to see how itaffects the dependent variable) amount of exerciseVariables that must be controlled (kept constant):type of clothespinfingers usedtime of exercise/resttime of squeezingsame hand for each trial* use maximum sample size and number of trials in exp

10、eriment * half of class rests and half of class exercises then allcount number of clothespin squeezes in one minuteOR whole class rests and counts number of clothespin squeezesin one minute then whole class exercises and countsnumber of clothespin squeezesFinal Report Title Hypothesis Materials and

11、Methods materials used and what you did Data Collected includes data tables and graphs Discussion and Conclusions does data support or refutehypothesis and explanation Suggestions for Improvement sources of error, variablesthat must be controlled and that influenced outcome Suggestions for further r

12、esearch new research questionsPeer ReviewDefending findings and conclusions to peers: presentation address final report answer questions visual aidsResults and conclusions accepted if they can be repeatedby other scientistsCharlesDarwinDarwins finches showgreat variation in beakadaptations shapesand

13、 sizes - due toisolation of birdpopulations on islandswith different kinds andamounts of food different tools represent different beaks seeds (small and large) represent food tray represents the island cup represents finch stomachRound One: No Competition, Original Island feeding with no competition

14、 - one person at a time feeding on small seeds as many as possible in given time repeated twice with each person = 4 trials total average of 13 or greater survived average of less than 13 moved to new islandRound Two: Competition on original island with smallseeds (if survived round 1) on new island

15、 with large seeds(if did not survive round 1) competition feeding withanother team from same dishcompetition interaction between two or more individualsto obtain a resource that is in limited supplyRound Three: Increased Competition competing with all other species left on your island all successful

16、 at feeding on small seeds at one dish all successful at feeding on large seeds at another dishThis activity simulates concepts involved innatural selection:variation different beak types and seed sizescompetition more than one bird feeding at a timestruggle for survival each bird trying to get enou

17、ghto surviveadaptation particular characteristics of each beakenvironment the birds, food and islandselecting agent the size of seed availableOverall: some birds had beaks that allowed them to surviveon small seeds- if a bird survives it can reproduce- it may then pass its traits on to its offspring

18、 other birds could not survive on small seeds,but could survive on large seeds still other birds could not survive on either size seed over time adaptive radiation occurred - newspecies evolved from a common ancestor each new species occupies a different habitat orecological niche (in this case with

19、 different food)Different finches havebeaks with differentcharacteristics that allowthem to competesuccessfully on differenttypes of food eachspecies has its own niche,which limits competitionIn order for a species to survive, the appropriate typeof food must be available. Botana curus hypothetical

20、plant used to make Curol for treating cancer Botana curus endangered, grows slowly related species: X, Y and Z will determine which is most closely related to Botana Curus using structural and molecular evidence will decide which species (X, Y or Z) is most likely to produce CurolStructural Evidence

21、 Test 1:Structural Characteristics of PlantsStructural Evidence Test 2:Structural Characteristics of SeedsStructural Evidence Test 3: Microscopic Internal Structure of Stemsexamined cross sectionof stem under microscopeto determine arrangementof vascular bundlesStructural Evidence Test 3: Microscopi

22、c Internal Structure of StemsBotana curusscatteredbundlesSpecies XcircularbundlesSpecies YcircularbundlesSpecies ZscatteredbundlesHypothesis after examiningstructural evidence is that Botana curus is most closelyrelated to species Z.Molecular Evidence Test 4:Paper Chromatography to SeparatePlant Pig

23、mentspigments absorb sunlight in plants,give plants color, ex: chlorophyll pigments extracted from each species placed on chromatography paper chromatography paper placed in waterMolecular Evidence Test 4:Paper Chromatography to SeparatePlant PigmentsMolecular Evidence Test 4:Paper Chromatography to

24、 SeparatePlant PigmentsMolecular Evidence Test 5:Indicator Test for Enzyme MMolecular Evidence Test 5:Indicator Test for Enzyme MBotana curusenzyme M presentSpecies Xenzyme M absentSpecies Yenzyme M presentSpecies Zenzyme M presentMolecular Evidence Test 6: Using SimulatedGel ElectrophoresisTo Compa

25、re DNAMolecular Evidence Test 6: Using SimulatedGel Electrophoresis To Compare DNAMolecular Evidence Test 6: Using SimulatedGel Electrophoresis To Compare DNAMolecular Evidence Test 6: Using SimulatedGel Electrophoresis To Compare DNAMolecular Evidence Test 7: Translatingthe DNA Code to Make a Prote

26、inMolecular Evidence Test 7: Translatingthe DNA Code toMake a Protein Which species X, Y or Z - is most similar to Botana curus and is most likely to produce Curol? Which kind of evidence structural or molecular is most helpful to make decisions about relationships between species? Which evolutionar

27、y tree diagram best shows therelationships between species used in this lab?biodiversity a measure of the numberand types of organisms in a location helps maintain ecosystem stability useful to humans for food, medicine,clothing, shelter, oxygen, soil fertility,future genetic variation, enjoyment we

28、 have no right to destroy extinction no more of a given speciesleft on earthcauses of extinction and loss of biodiversity: destruction of natural habitats pollution overharvesting invasive species removal of predatorsHuman activities are reducing biodiversityand are causing the extinction of realorganisms that have real uses, like thehypothetical Botana curus. Many peopl