森林经理及测树学词汇

1、屮文翻译词汇对照表机关名称双语词汇对照表繁体中文英语行政院农业委员会林务局forestry bureau花莲林区管理处 hualien forest district office, forestry bureau 处长室 director office副处氏室 deputy director office秘书室 secretariat林政课 forest administration section作业课 operations section 育乐课 recreation section 治山课 hillside stabilization section 秘书室（行政室）secretari

2、at（general affairs office） 会计室 accounting office 人事室 personnel office政风室office新城工作站sincheng station 南华工作站nanhua station 万荣工作站wanrong station 玉里工作站yuli station 池南国家森林游乐区 chihnan national forest recreation area 富源国家森林游乐;区 fuyuan national forest recreation area 职称双语词汇对照表 繁体中文英语 处长 director 副处长 deputy d

3、irector 秘书 secretary 专员（具专业技术）specialist 专员（一般行政）executive officer课长chief 主任chief 荐任技正（具工程专业技术）engineer 荐任技正（具其他专业技术）specialist 技士 （具工程专业技术）technician 技士（一般行政业务）officer 技佐（具工程专业技术）associate technician 技佐（一般行政业务）officer 课员 officer 办事员clerk 助理员clerk 雇员 assistant clerk 护士 nurse 技术士 technical worker 业务士

4、 messenger驾驶(首长座车)chauffeur驾驶(公务车)driver工友 maintenance worker林学专有名称双语词汇对照表繁体中文英语同齿令林 forest consisting of even-aged stand (trans.)掠夺式经营 exploitation management;high grading间歇经营，间歇经营林;间歇作业 intermittent production;forest under intermittent management 林分经营;林分管理 stand management;management on a stand ba

5、sis 立木蓄积,立木度stocking (=d)更新作业法;作业法silvicultural system稽核;照查control永续林;恒续林 continuous cover forest永续林经营;永续林施业;恒续林施业continuous cover forest management system 单木作业;单采作业;单木施业forest management by individual trees 掠夺式伐采exploitation划伐，伞伐混合作业;群状伞伐作业 shelterwood group system;group shelterwood system划伐作业;群状择伐

6、作业 group selection system;group selection management经营林;施业林;生产林managed forest营林监替 forest inspection森林经营计画;森林经营(学)forest management (>);forest management planning(neol) 森林去 forest act;forest onlinance;forest law营林监督 forest inspection森林条例;森林法令forest ordinance林业政策;森林政策forest policy林业;林学forestry林业经济;

7、林业经济学forest economics高山林;山岳林;山地林 mountain forest大面积伞伐作业;大面积伞状天然下种法;广状伞伐更新法unifoim shelterwood system 小面积集团森林经营grcnip management乔林;用材林high forest乔林作业 high forest system木材需求;木材需要demand for wood木材供销;木材获得timber supply 木材生产 timber production;wood production 原木分级;材种;原木检尺timber assortment 木材消 费 wood consum

8、ption;timber consumption 木材供给 wood procurement林产业;木材工业;木材加工业 timber industry;wood processing industry禁止皆伐 clear fell ban;prohibition of clear cutting皆彳戈作业(法)clearcutting system;crearfelling system地景经营;地景施业;景观施业landscape management 地景保护;景观保护landscape protection 阔叶树林 broadleaved forest;hardwood forest

9、多 目标（利用）林业 multiple-use management;multi-use management混交林;混合林;混生林mixed woodland;mixed forest中林;矮林;萌芽林 coppice with standards中林作业;矮林保残作业法 coppice with standards system;composite forest system;storied coppice system（uk） 针叶树林 coniferous forest近天然经营林分;近自然经营之;林分near to nature forest;naturally managed fo

10、rest 天然林洎 然林;自牛林 natural forest;indigenous forest 矮林;萌芽林 coppice forest;sprout forest;low forest 矮林择伐作业;择伐矮林作业coppice selection system 矮林作业;简单（单纯）矮林作业simple coppice system止规林业;止规森林经营;合法的林业regulated forest management人工林经营 plantation management择伐作业 selection system;single tree selection system择伐林 sele

11、ction forest;plenter-wood环状划伐;带状划伐;带进孔状伞伐strip-and-group felling （） 带状划伐;带进群状伞伐作业strip-and-group felling system 带状伐釆作业 strip cutting system;strip felling system 速生林作业 free growth management伞伐作业法 shelterwood method;shelterwood system 异龄混交法;混合林;混交林highly structured forests 保残木作业;二段乔林作业;保残乔林作业high fore

12、st with reserves （system）;high forest with standards（system） 原始林;原牛林virgin forest蓄枳保育 management of the growing stock森林forest育林（学）；造林;造林学silviculture森林利用（学）forest utilization;forest utilisation森林牛态系forest ecosystem牧野经营;牧野管理;草原管理pasture management;range management再造林义务 replant duty;legal obligation t

13、o replant作业级;事业区working circle森林调查专家（员）；森林调查专业人员forest inventory specialist森林经营计画之归纳及演绎计画法;森林经营（经理）之归纳及演绎法indicative and deductive forest management methods森林生长控制 control of forest growth （trans.）绩效检验 performance test永续林业;永续森林经营sustainable forest management永续性;保续;永续sustainablility永续作业;永续经营 sustained

14、-yield management永续准则;永续基准sustainability criteria永续经营调整;永续经营规整（调整）sustained yield regulation 禁伐;禁伐令;禁止开发 preservation order;exploitation ban 再牛产 reproduction超伐;过伐 overcutting;overfelling伐采龄 felling age树龄，林龄age龄阶;龄级区分age gradation龄级结构;龄级分布;龄级构成age calss distribution林木界限;树限;乔木界限timber line;tree line林业

15、经营单元（单位）management unit 林缘;林分边界 stand edge;edge of a stand 林分安全性（稳定性）stand stability经营安全性;低风险之森林经营;森林经营之风险回避（低危险）low-risk forest management 财政轮伐期;理财的轮伐期financial rotation面积加权平均林龄;森林z加权平均林龄weighed average age of a forest（trans.）伐采方向;伐木倒向felling direction伐采周期;冋归期;循环期felling cycle;cutting cycle次序;优先顺序;

16、顺序order天然林演替相;天然林演替阶段;天然林z发育过程（阶段）development phases of （natural） forests森林经营计画期;计画期间;作业计画期planning period;forest management period;working plan period择伐作业体系;择伐作业forest selection system生产期;生产时间;生产性作业时间production time;productive time林缘保护;林分边缘保护edge protection空间次序;收获地域（地点）顺序spatial order林缘（缘条）;境界edge;

17、border伐采顺序（序列）cutting sequence;felling sequence伐采顺序规划;伐采序列cutting order;felling order伐采管理 harvest management伐采序列 felling series经营计画起始口;经营计画之开始口 starting date of a management plan （trans.）生态稳定性 ecological stability工艺轮伐期 technical rotation林衣;林套 forest mantle收获周期;回归年（期）harvesting cycle;cutting cycle轮伐期

18、 rotation;rotation length最大材积收获轮伐期;材积收获最多之轮伐期rotation of maximum volume production最大收益轮伐期;金钱总收益最髙z伦伐期rotation of maximum cash flow; maxi mum cash flow rotation最大土地净收益轮伐期;土地纯收益最高之轮伐期rotation of maximum soil rent最大森林净收益轮伐期;森林纯收益最高z轮伐期rotation of maximum income;rotation of the highest net income 伐期龄;轮伐

19、期rotation age 更新级 regeneration class更新期 regeneration interval regeneration period预测 forecast;prognosis;prediction森林覆盖率;森林占有率;森林率percent forest cover森林结构;森林构造 forest structure;forest composition森林界限;树木界限 forest boundary;forest limit抗风力;暴风抗力;耐风力;风阻力 windthrow resistance;wind resistance;wind firmness森林

20、经营单元;森林经营单位forest management unit经济伐期 economic maturity收获时序;收获次序temporal order吋 i'nj 序列 time series时间序列分析;时序分析time series analysis收获表 yield table理想立木度;法正蓄积;理想蓄积normal stocking理想蓄积 ideal growing stock;ideal standing volume地方收获表local yield table材积收获 volumetric yield法正龄级分布 normal (ideal) age classd

21、istribution法止蓄积 normal growing stock法正林;理想林;正规林normal forest法正林模式;理想林模式 normal forest model;ideal forest model现实林 actual forest (trans.)材种别收获表;利用材积收获表assortment yield table材种别收获表assortment table法正计算上之裸地;理论上z无立木地;理论上z未立木地theoretical clearfell area林况 forest condition目标蓄积 target growing stockh 标林 targe

22、t forest(trans.)生长表 increment table间伐(疏伐)收获;中间收获intermediate yield所有权型;财产归属types of ownership土地利用型;土地利用分类lanckuse classification地块;林分;土地区分parcel;land parcel森林使用权 forest right;right of forest use;(forest privilege)森林企业;林业企业;森林事业体forest enterprise森林所有权;森林地产forest estate森林所有权分割;森林所有之分割 forest fragmenta

23、tion;fragmentation of forest holdings非生产林;保护林 non-productive forest (trans.)保安林 protected forest (=d)游憩地;森林游憩林;森林游斥林recreational forest小面积林丛;灌丛;萌生(芽)林;矮林copse教学林;展示林;实验林;试验林 demonstration forest;instruction forest;training forest;university forest未经营林;未施业林unmanaged forest森林公园 forest park;park forest

24、保安林 protection forest森林保护法案;保安林之划定forest protection act森林功能;森林机能;森林利用 forest use;forest land use;forset function森林功能分类;森林机能分类forest land use class森林带;树林带 forest beltjwoodland belt森林步道 forest nature trail;forest walk限制林;限制使用林 limited use forest (trans.)保存林;预备林 forest reserve reserved forest防风林带;保护林带s

25、helterbelt;windbreak经济林;生产林 commercial forest;production forest森林公益功能;森林公益机能;森林社会效益(利益)social benefits of forests林班 compartment;forest compartment林班界 compartment boundary林分stand4、砂£界；林分界 sub-compartment boundary;stand boundary防火带;防火线 fire break;fire line森林地域forest area鉴界;境界补止;境界纠止 boundary corr

26、ection rectification of boundaries林地 forest land非生产地;非林地;除地non-productive forest land林区管理处forest districtfn |fi| nursery;tree nursery;forest nursery林区;森林区 forest range;range保护带;保护林(树)带;缓冲带 protection belt;protection strip;buffer strip调查单位;抽查单位 survey unit;inventory unit小班 sub-compartment准小班;造林地号;小班s

27、tand绝对的森林土壤;限适森林的土壤soil only suitable for forest (trans.)森林劣化，土壤劣化forest degradation土壤的;土壤因素的edaphic收获水准;生产水准yield level方位;a 坡向;斜面方向 aspect;direction of slope森林植物社会学(forest) plant sociology霜孔;易受霜害地frost hollow倾斜角；坡度(降)；梯度gradient自然度 naturalness潜在口然森林社会/植群;潜在口然植生potential natural forest community地貌;起

28、伏度relief立地调査;生育地调査;地况调査;土地测绘site survey;site mapping;site apparaisal;site apparaisement立地描述,生育地描述;土地描述;地况记载site description;destription of site地位指数;土地指数;地位指标site index立地因子，生育地因子site factor立地型;生育地型;地位型site type森林4：物牛 1态空间调查;森林小区测绘forest biotope mapping森林土壤 forest soil森林区;森林地带forest region森林社会;森林生态体系

29、forest community;forest association林型;森林型forest type森林荒芜;森林破坏forest destruction生长区;生长区域growth region生长区域;生长范i韦i;森林带growth zone良木 cull;reject;cull wood尖削度;尖梢;梢杀high taper林龄查定;林龄调查age determination枝条材;枝材branchwood枝条性 branchiness无节 knot-free尖削系数;尖削度;尖削指数taper coefficient树木;乔木tree树种 pecies;tree species树

30、髙 tree height树木形数 tree form factor树木材积 total tree volume树型级tree class测树 mensuration林木材积式;干材积式 tree volume equation;volume equation;tariff number胸高 breast height (b.h.)可利用材;成材;可利及费材(材积)merchantable timber volume可利用材积形数;材积形数timber form factor肥大生长;fl径生长diamemter growth尖削;直径递减taper直径级;直径阶diameter calss直

31、径牛.长(量);肥大牛.长 diameter increment;diameter growth定期平均牛长量 periodic average increment材积表(uniform) tariff晋级生长ingrowth精英树;菁英树;特优树elite tree;champion tree剥皮 peeling;bark removal;debarking;barking去皮材积;收获实材积 cubic meter under bark (m3u. b.)收获损失 harvest loss;harvest waste连皮材积(fm);含皮材积;实积立方公尺cubic meter over

32、bark(m3o.b.)形状高;树形高 form height;volume/basal area ratio;tree form height形状高生长;树形高生长form height increment形率;形殆j；直径率form quotient形数;形状系数form factor (f)胸髙断面积basal area (b. a.)胸高断面积表;断面积表;圆面积表 table of basal areas;basal-area table;table of sectional areas 树干解析stem analysis树高生长height growth年轮解析 analysis

33、of annual rings;tree ring analysis 年轮;生长轮 growth ring;annual ring 轮尺 callipers;caliper直径测定 diamter measurement最小测量径级;测径界限;直径界限minimum dbh (by inventory) 树冠crown树冠(林冠)结构;树冠构造crown structrue树冠直径;冠径crown width 树冠级 crown class 材积轮尺 volumetric callipers 阔叶树 broadleaved tree;hardwood tree 期间生长量;当年生长curren

34、t increment 连年生长量 current annual increment 原木检尺;伐木检尺(测定)measurement of felled timber 常设标志;测标 measurement mark 测定位置 measurement location中央直径 mid-diameter中央周围;中央圆周mid-gith母树 mother tree针叶树 conifer;softwood tree定期生长暈 periodic increment精英树;优世树;选留树plus tree;selected tree暴反木;暴露木wolf tree层积立方公尺cubic meter

35、stacked自记轮尺;电子轮尺recording cal(l)iper(s)皮材率;树皮率 bark deduction;bark allowance;bark factor 树皮厚度计;树皮计;树皮测定器bark gauge原木log树干;干材;主干 stem;trunk;bole树 t形质 stem quality树干级;树型级stem quality class树干形数 stem form factor形状比 height-dbh ratio区分求积 volune measurement by sections原木分等;材木中分等 log grading;grading of logs

36、;grading of stems 树干;主干stem树干长 stem length;timber length萌芽;萌条;萌樂 coppice shoot;stool shoot;sucker;sprout简化材积表tariff 保留木;保存木;保残木reserving of standards胸咼圆周长;胸罔周i韦i长 连皮圆周氏;连皮周围长 去皮圆周长;无皮周围长 周围生长量;圆周生长量 girth breast height (gbh) girth over barkgirth under barkgirth increment可利用最小直径;最小利用直径diameter limit活

37、力;生长力vitality每木调查 complete enumeration材积 timber volume材积收获 volume yield;volume production材积表 volume table;log rule材积生氏（量）volume increment半长参数;测定要素 growth parameters;increment parameters牛长率;成长率;牛长速率 growth percent;increment percent价值成长 value increment树梢;梢top生长活力;生长潜力vigour生长形;生长型;生育型growth form末端直径;末

38、口 直径;末径 top （end） diameter;small end diameter主林木;主伐木;收获树 final crop tree;future tree;crop tree容许误差allowance增氏量;生长（量）；增量increment生长锥 increment borer增长系数件长率;牛.长系数increment coefficient受压木;中庸木intermediate tree株距;株距值tree spacing平均年生长量;龄级平均增长量mean annual increment树高生长曲线 height curve;height development cur

39、ve;height age curve人工新造林地;次生幼龄林establishment算术平均树高 arithmetic mean height算术平均直径 arithmetic mean diameter人工幼龄林;人造幼龄林pre-thicket母树林;选留木林分;特优母树林elite stand selected stand;selected crop树种混淆;混淆 species mixture;mixture杆材木;老龄林pole size timber树层;乔木层tree layer立木株数;株数;立木数number of stems建造期;成林期间establishment p

40、eriod树冠被覆淋冠披覆 cover;crown cover;canopy cover林分密度stand density林分发育;林分生育期（阶段）stand development;development of a stand林分形数 stand form factor林分胸高断血积;林分胸高断血积合计stand basal area林内孔隙;林隙;林分未遮蔽率clearing林分剖面;林分断面图 stand profile;cross-section of a stand林分纟吉木勾;木木分构造 stand structure;constitution of a stand;struct

41、ure of a stand 蓄积结构;蓄积构造growing stock structure立木度;林分密度指数stand density index地位级;立地位级site class可利用材积生长暈；利用材积生长暈merchiintable timber increment郁闭期;丛林;壮龄林thicket断 llf积平均木直径 quadratic mean diameter;diameter of mean basal area tree 断面积中央木直径;中央断面积直径median dbh40%h分位胸径;40%规则的平均胸径 mean dbh according to the 40

42、% rule 直径分布 diameter distribution平均总生长量;总平均生长量mean gross increment标准树高曲线 standard height curve单层林 single-storied stand冰霜害ice damage主伐林分;主伐木;主伐收获final crop暂植木;补植木filler总收获材积 total volume;total yield郁闭林分;最大蓄积林分fully stocked stand同龄林;同龄林分even-aged stand均质林分;一齐林;均匀林分;同形林;同质林uniform stand树群;群 group;group

43、 of trees伐期平均生长量 final mean annual increment;average yield class主要树种 main tree species主林分;主林木;主伐木 main crop;principal crop;main stand;principal stand 优势木 dominant cropspecies;auxiliary次要树种；副树种；补助的混交树种；经济价值少的树种nurse species;accessory species断面积平均木树高 height of mean basal area tree;mean height断面积中央木树高m

44、edian height40%百分位树高;40%规则的树高 height according to the 40% rule树高曲线 height curve;diameter-height curve林分水平结构;林分水平构造horizontal stand structure团;灌木;树丛see" group*'未成熟材;未熟材juvenile wood幼龄生长;幼龄林;丛状林thicket每木调査表;调杳表;检尺簿;野帐;明细表tally sheet;measuremenl list胸高断血积平均木;断血积平均木mean basal area tree冠层;林冠;树冠c

45、anopy树冠竞争;树冠竞合crown competition树冠层;林冠层crown layer树冠郁闭度;林冠密度crown closure;crown cover灌丛;树形不良林分;矮林;灌木林scrub (stand)连年总平均年生长量;连年生长量total mean increment复层林 multi-storied stand混合(交)树种 associated species林分平均胸高直径;林木平均直径mean diameter;average diameter 林分平均树高 average height;stand height 平均树高 loreyfs mean heig

46、ht中央木;平均木 mean tree天然修枝;天然落枝;自行修枝natural pruning;self pruning 次要树种;副树种;从属种 secondary species;subordinates pecies 附属林分 secondary crop上层树高;上木高度 top height;height of dominant trees 强势木生产力；生产力指数;地位指数productivity index 上层 overstor(e)y;uppermost layer;upper stor(e)y 上层木 overwood;upper crop 先驱树木中 pioneer s

47、pecies;pioneer 形质生长(量)quality increment;increase in quality 成熟林 mature stand 纯林 pure stand;pure crop 采运损伤;出材损伤extraction damage 采种林;母树林 seed stand;parent stand 损害;疵伤;损伤defect;damage 树(林)冠疏密度canopy density 雪害 snow damage株距;干距 tree spacing;spacing(between trees);espacement立木位置图;直径分布;胸径分布;树干分布;林木分布dbh

48、distribution 立地稳定性;立地强度stability of stand 中龄林;杆材;小径木(林)pole stage;pole crop 风害 wind damage;storm damage枯死木dead trees 小群 see group 过熟林分;老龄过熟林分(木)overmature stand 异龄林 uneven-aged stand 不规则林;不整齐林irregular stand 下层林;下层植生;下木 understor(e)y;underwood;undergrowth 留存木;主林木 main crop after thinning;residual st

49、and 试验地;试验区;试区 experimental site;experimental area 林分垂直结构;林分垂直构造vertical stand structure 主要树不巾 main species;principal species 立木蓄积;林木蓄积growing stock 牛长函数 growth function 扌旨标林分 index stand;indicator stand;control stand 兽害;鹿伤害;动物危害 tree damage caused by forest fauna (trans.) 林分成氏龄级;林分成长级数;自然的龄级stand d

50、evelopment class 生长空间;生育空间growing sapce 屮央木平均生长;增长量屮央木;平均生长木mean growth tree 生长率;增长tj分比;成长率 incremenl percent;grow(h percent 二层林;二段林 two-storied取样率 sampling intensity;sampling fraction;sampling rate 必要样本数;最少样本数required sample size 调查;定期抽样调查inventory遥测;遥感探测remote sensing是期调查;追踪调查periodic inventory集团取

51、样法cluster sampling分层取样;分层収出之样本stratified sample概估;粗略估计 rough estimate;raw estimate断面积调整;断面积规整basal area regulation测高器 height meter测树学 mensuration;dendrometry森林调查;森林清查 in ventory;forest inventory forest survey森林调查设计inventory design森林调查方法;森林清查方法inventory method水平样线法(直线样品)line-plot survey;line-plot;str

52、ip survey列表样品;3p样品;列表取样list sampling航空照片判释 aerial photo interpretation空中摄影测量 aerial photo (graphic) survey;aerial photo(graphic)inventory;aerial survey空中三角测量 aerial photo triangulation材积 调查；蓄 积推泄 volume determination;(standing)timber determination;growing stock determination数理统计学的样本分析 statistical an

53、alysis of inventory data目视估计立木材积 volume estimation by sight;ocular volume estimation正射投影图(照片);正射图orthophoto (graph)左期调查;多相取样法multiphase sampling永久样区;连续森林调查法 continuous forest inventory with permtinent samples样区;标准地sample plot样区调查法 inventory by sample plots机率比例取样法 proportional sampling;probability pr

54、oportional to size(pps)林分断面积调查仪;林分面积调查仪(relascope) relascope;rekiscop测高法;形数测高法 pressler's method of height determination林分株数调查enumeration;tally样本sample圆丿孩样区法 sampling using a range of fixed radius plots固定而积样区法;样本地法fixed area sampling变动血积样 区法;变动样区法;可变半径样区法sampling using variable radius plots取样;抽样

55、sampling取样单元;抽样单位;取样单位sampling unit取样误差;样本误差sampling error取样法;取样调查法sampling methods取样数 sample number; sample size;size of a sample扌羊本分布 sampling unit distribution分层;层次 stratification层;层聚 stratum / strata系统取样;系统抽样法systematic sampling系统误差 systematic error林分特性估测 stand estimation;estimation of stand cha

56、racteristics估测法 appraisal method连续森林调查的临时样本;连续的森林调查;变换样本的暂时样本continuous forest inventory with changing samples （trans.）材积计算 volume calculation;volume measurement先驱调查;预备调查 pilot survey;pilot inventory蓄积调查 inventory of growing stock永久样区森林调查;连续森林调查continuous forest inventory生长量研究（试验）;生长量调查increment stu

57、dy经营记帐单位;经营计画单位;记帐单位management planning unit伐采量;伐采收获 felling volume;felling yield生产材明细表;生产材目录;堆积材明细表product summary （trans.）年伐量 annual cut;annual yield执行稽核;实行照查（稽核）control of prescriptions森林绩效检定;稽核簿;经营簿（监控）control of forest development（trans.）经营簿;作业稽核;稽核簿 control of operation;work tracking木材生产稽核;照查;稽核 control of forest production（trans.）经营计画检订;施业计画检订 management plan revision