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1、Students as Directors of Their Own Learningusing digital storytelling to create truly authentic learning experiencesJennifer Dormanjdorman.wikispacescliotechgmailcliotech.blogspot/ How can we teach essential knowledge, skills, and understandings to all students in a diverse academic setting? How can

2、 differentiated instruction be enhanced through the integration of educational technologies in the classroom? Many educators believe in the exceptionality of computers, viewing them as instructional talismans that can do for student learning what other reforms cannot. This has resulted in the narrow

3、 focus on technology at the expense of the more important pillars of learning . . . cognition, instruction, assessment, and curriculum.We are no longer teaching if what we teach is more important than who we teach or how we teach.(Carol Ann Tomlinson 2003)What is digital storytelling? Digital storyt

4、elling is the process of writing about a story, and adding the multimedia elements of voice, imagery, and music to create a visual story.What do students learn?Digital Storytelling . . . develops visual and multimedia literacy in students. addresses the development of the interpretation of digital m

5、edia and the application of that interpretation to a personal message or story.Digital Storytelling . . . provides students with a competitive and compelling voice by enlarging the boundaries of who students can communicate with and by increasing the depth and power of that communication.Digital Sto

6、rytelling . . .Digital Storytelling . . . provides an authentic personal learning experience- as such; student investment is greatly increased resulting in greatly improved motivation and end product.Digital Storytelling . . . teaches elements of technology and information literacy-students use many

7、 different computer applications and must be conversant about locating and managing visuals and video, as well as being able to do so in the context of copyright and fair use.Why implement a digital storytelling program? Digital documentaries and digital storytelling tap into student interests and s

8、pecific learning profile and allow teachers to customize content, process, & product according to students readiness with background information and technological proficiencies.I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.-ConfuciusTell me and I forget.Teach me and remember.I

9、nvolve me and I learn.-Benjamin FranklinWe learn. . .10% of what we READ20% of what we HEAR30% of what we SEE40% of what we both SEE and HEAR70% of what is DISCUSSED with others80% of what we EXPERIENCE personally95% of what we TEACH someone else-William Glasser One of the ways to move from data to

10、understanding is to tell the story and make the relevant connections Students sew the information together in an organized way that forces students to think about the entire body of information Digital video editing programs are higher-order applications The nature of digital videos overcomes the li

11、mitations of more static demonstration software that can be episodic and disjointed Author of DigiTales: The Art of Telling Digital Stories A documentary uses an abundant amount of primary sources Multiple points of view are presented The students make a personal connection and draw from a wider, gl

12、obal viewThe Steps Select and research a topic identify topic and resources for research gather research and maintain a working/annotated bibliography analyze and select information for inclusion Prepare for interviews conduct background research prepare interview questions conduct, record, and anal

13、yze the interview Gather media resources still-frame imagery video audio Production create film rough draft add special media effects, transitions, audiovisual extras, etc. edit final film Share the final products premier films and enjoy the hard work of all filmmakers digitales.us/evaluating/scorin

14、g_guide.php Stories from one image Stories from a sequence of images Stories from a sequence of images with specified persona Stories from a muted video clip Stories from a muted video clip or sequence of images with background sound Stories with student-found images and set narrative Stories with s

15、tudent-found images and student-created narrativeFinding ResourcesGathering media contentunitedstreamingunitedstreaming Search for editable clips Video .asf files Audio .mp3 files Images .jpeg files Import media into Windows Movie MakerLibrary of Congress The Library of Congress has Image Libraries,

16、 Video Libraries, and Exhibitions online /index.html American Memory Collection contains historic mediaInternet Archive Moving Images Texts Audio Educational ResourcesCreative Commons Audio Images Video Text Educational ResourcesSound Resources freeplaymusic/ * findsounds/ partnersinrhyme/pir

17、/PIRsfx.html garageband/charts music.podshow/ podsafeaudio/ /details/audio naturesongs/ americanrhetoric/ / Hardware Digital cameras for still and video images Scanners Microphones Computers with internal or external video/audio conversion interface devices Software Video editing

18、software Word processing software Image editing software Internet accessVideo Editing Software Packages iMovie (MAC) Pinnacle Systems Studio DV Pinnacle Systems Avid Liquid Pinnacle Systems Dazzle Windows Movie Maker Adobe Premiere Avid FreeDVVideo Editing SoftwareWindows Movie MakerBasic Vocabulary

19、 Collection Project MovieMoving Between Media CollectionsProject A project contains the arrangement and timing information of audio and video clips, video transitions, video effects, and titles you have added to the storyboard/timeline. A saved project file in Windows Movie Maker has an .mswmm file

20、name extension. By saving your projects, you can open the project file later and begin editing it in Windows Movie Maker from where you last saved. MovieRules of ThumbBe sure to keep all your source files in one folder.If you need to open your project on another computer, you need both your source f

21、iles folder and Windows Movie Maker project file.Capturing VideoImporting Video FilesImporting Still ImagesCapturing Images from VideoUse this tool to take a screen shot from a video file.Importing AudioEditing ProjectsUsing tools to edit your projectEditing a Project You can use the storyboard/time

22、line to create and edit projects. The storyboard and timeline both display your work in progress, but each provides a different view of your work: The storyboard displays the sequence of clips. The timeline displays the timing of clips. Editing a Project After you add clips to the storyboard/timelin

23、e to create a project, you can do the following: Rearrange the clips in the sequence you want. Create transitions between clips. Add video effects to video clips and pictures. Trim the clips to hide unwanted segments (on the timeline view only). Split and combine clips. Add narration that synchroniz

24、es with the clips (on the timeline view only). Storyboard ViewTimeline ViewVideo ClipsZooming In and Out To fit the timeline on the screen On the View menu, click Zoom to Fit. Splitting a ClipUse this tool to split the clip.Combining ClipsTrimming ClipsDrag the sides of the video clip to trim the le

25、ngth.Trimming ClipsTransitionsVideo TransitionsWorking with TransitionsVideo EffectsVideo EffectsWorking with Video EffectsTransitions and Video EffectsTransitionVideo EffectTwo Video EffectsTitles and CreditsAdding Titles and CreditsTitle Before a ClipTitle Overlay Over a Video Clip Credit at the E

26、nd of the ProjectEnter TextChoose AnimationSelect Font and ColorWorking with AudioAudio Options Some of the different audio-related tasks you can perform in Windows Movie Maker include the following. Narrate the timeline. Adjust audio levels. Add audio effects. Adjust the volume of audio clips. Narr

27、ate the TimelineNarrate the timelineNarrate the TimelineAlternative Narration Instead of recording narration directly into Windows Movie Maker, you can record your narration with another audio editing program and import audio tracks as you would with music files. Audacity TutorialAdjusting Audio Lev

28、els You can adjust the audio levels between the Audio and Audio/Music tracks (the audio that was captured as part of a video clip on the Audio track, and the audio that was captured or imported and added to the Audio/Music track). Adjusting the audio levels determines which audio will play louder th

29、an the other in your movie.Audio EffectsAdjusting AudioMaking the MovieSaving the final project as a movie file that can be sharedSave Movie WizardFinish MovieSave to My Computer Enter a file name for your saved movie Choose a place to save your movieSave Movie WizardSave Movie WizardSave to CD Ente

30、r a file name for your saved movie Choose a place to save your movieSend in Enter a file name for your saved movie Choose a place to save your movieSend to the Web Enter a file name for your saved movie Choose a place to save your movieSend to DV Camera Enter a file name for your saved movie Choose

31、a place to save your movieVideo Editing SoftwareiMoveBasic VocabularyGet to know the basicsVideo ClipsFramesClip Viewer The clip viewer below the iMovie monitor displays clips in the order that they will appear in your movie. It gives you a simple, straightforward view of the clip sequences and tran

32、sitions used in your movie. You can easily drag clips to rearrange them or add clips to the clip viewer by dragging them from the Clips pane. You can also drag video files from the Finder desktop into the Clip viewer. Clip ViewerTimeline Viewer The timeline viewer below the iMovie monitor displays t

33、he movies video track and two audio tracks. Use the timeline viewer to position and edit audio and video. The three tracks allow you to add and manipulate multiple layers of sound, including the sound contained in the video clips.Timeline ViewerScrubber BarScrubber BarPlayheadCrop MarkersClip Inform

34、ation The Clip Info window appears when you choose Show Info from the File menu. You can use the Clip Info window to: Change the name of the clip Find out how much disk space the clip takes up Find out the date and time the clip was captured See the duration of a clipClip InformationClips Pane When

35、you first import video, your footage appears in the Clips pane. You can select and play clips in the Clips pane to initially review the footage you have. You can easily delete unwanted clips by dragging clips to the iMovie Trash or selecting them and pressing Delete. You can also split clips and do

36、initial trimming and cropping of footage in the Clips pane to prepare the footage for finer editing later in the clip viewer or timeline viewer. You can rename clips and rearrange them to organize them as you plan your project.Clips Pane Drag clips from the Clips pane to the clip viewer to add them

37、to your movie. You can also Option-drag a clip from the Clips pane to copy the clip into your movie, leaving the original still available in the Clips pane. You can remove clips from your movie by dragging them from the clip viewer back to the Clips pane or into the iMovie Trash. You can also drag c

38、lips to your desktop for use in other applications or to copy them into another iMovie HD project.Clips PaneDirect TrimmingDirect TrimmingGetting StartediMovie When you open iMovie HD, three options appear: Create a new project Open an existing project Create a Magic iMovieStarting a New ProjectImpo

39、rting MediaImporting video, audio, and still imagesImporting Video, Audio, & ImagesUsing the Import CommandSupported Formats iMovie HD supports importing video in common formats, such as standard definition and wide screen formats (NTSC and PAL), high definition formats (HDV 720p and 1080i), MPE

40、G-4, and clips from Apples iSight camera. Audio files must be in AIFF format or another format that works with QuickTime.Importing a Clip from Another iMovie Project Open the project you want to copy clips from Select the clips and choose Edit Copy Open the iMovie presentation you want to copy the c

41、lips into Choose Edit PasteSupported Video Formats DV NTSC DV PAL DV NTSC Widescreen DV PAL Widescreen MPEG 4 iSight HDV 720p HDV 1080iTo Specify a Video FormatSetting a Default Frame Rate Different video formats may use different frame rates. For example, standard definition video in NTSC format us

42、es a frame rate of 29.97 frames per second, whereas PAL format uses a frame rate of 25 frames per second. High definition video may use 29.97 or 25 frames per second depending on the specific format of the video camera.Setting a Default Frame RateSetting a Default Frame RateAdding Photos from iPhoto

43、 Library Click the Photos button Choose and album from the pop-up menu Select a photo from the photos displayed in the Photos pane and drag it Working with ClipsEditing video clipsSelecting Part of a Video Clip Select the clip (or clips). Drag the crop markers below the scrubber bar to mark the begi

44、nning and end of the section you want to select. To move the crop marker one frame at a time, select a crop marker by Shift-clicking or dragging it and then press the Left or Right Arrow key. To move the marker ten frames at a time, hold down Shift as you click the arrow keys.Cropping Video ClipsCut

45、ting, Copying, & Pasting To copy a clip to a new position in the movie: Select the video clip or frame range you want to cut or copy, then choose Edit Cut or Copy. Move the playhead where you want the chosen clip to appear. Choose Edit Paste.Cutting, Copying, & Pasting When you position the

46、playhead within a clip and choose Paste, the clip is split at the playhead and the pasted video, along with its soundtrack, appears as a new clip at that point (pushing the remaining portion of the split clip back in the timeline.) You can also have the the pasted clip replace footage in the timelin

47、e. Position the playhead where the pasted clip should start and choose Advanced Paste Over at Playhead. The pasted clip replaces an equal duration of clip in the timeline.Deleting Segments To trim a video clip using direct trimming: Select the clip you want to edit in the timeline viewer. Position t

48、he pointer over the end of the clip until you see the pointer change. Drag the end of the clip to remove the frames that you want trimmed. If you trim too much from the clip, you can drag the end of the clip again to lengthen it. The trimmed frames are not lost. Repeat the procedure on the other end

49、 of the clip, if you want.Splitting a Clip Select a clip and position the playhead where you want to divide the clip. Choose Edit Split Video Clip at Playhead or Split Selected Audio Clip at Playhead.Adjusting the Length of an Image Double-click the clip in the clip viewer or timeline viewer. Type t

50、he duration you want in the Duration field. Click Set.Changing Direction & Speed Select the clip or clips in the clip viewer or timeline viewer. Click Effects. Select the Fast/Slow/Reverse effect and choose the options you want. Click Apply.Creating a Color Clips To change a black clip to color:

51、 Select the black clip in the clip viewer. Choose File Show Info. Click the Color box and choose a color for the clip. Click Set.Adding Motion to an Image To pan or zoom during the display of a photo, you apply the Ken Burns Effect in the Photos pane. You can use the Ken Burns Effect to resize or cr

52、op an image without adding motion. The photograph appears as a clip at the end of your movie in the timeline. You can drag the clip to where you want it to appear in your movie. Adding Motion to a PhotographAdding Motion to an ImageClick the Photos button and click the Ken Burns Effect checkbox if i

53、ts not selected.Select a photograph from your iPhoto library and click Start.Use the Zoom slider to move to the starting point for a zoom.Hold the pointer over the image in the preview monitor until a hand appears, then press the mouse button and drag to the spot in the photograph where you want to

54、begin the pan.Click End.Adding Motion to an ImageUse the Zoom slider to move to the ending point for the zoom.Hold the pointer over the image until a hand appears, then press the mouse button and drag to the point at which you want to end the pan.Move the Duration slider to set the length of time yo

55、u want the pan and zoom action to take.Click Preview to see the overall effect, and repeat the above steps to make adjustments.Click Apply when you have the effect you want.Copying Pan & Zoom Settings To copy the starting settings to the ending settings: Click the Photos button and make sure the

56、 Ken Burns Effect checkbox is selected. Select a photograph from your iPhoto library and click Start. Set up the pan and zoom effect you want. Press the Option key and click End. Make the final pan and zoom changes your image needs.Removing Pan & Zoom To remove the pan and zoom effect from a ren

57、dered image: Select the image in the clip viewer. Click the Photos button to open the Photos pane. Deselect the Ken Burns Effect checkbox. Click Update.Capturing a Still Image To save the image as a file to export to another application: Display the image you want to export in the iMovie monitor. Ch

58、oose File Save Frame and save the file with the format and name you want. JPEG or PICT formatPlaying Your Whole Movie To see your whole movie play: Choose Edit Select None. Move the playhead to the beginning of the movie, or click Rewind. To quickly rewind, you can press the Home key on your keyboar

59、d. Click Play.Restoring a Clip Select the clip in the timeline viewer or clip viewer. Choose Advanced Revert Clip to OriginalDeleting Unwanted Footage To delete footage: Select the audio or video clips you want to delete. To select multiple clips, hold down the Shift key (or the Command key for disc

60、ontiguous clips) while you click the clips. Choose Edit Clear or press the Delete key.Transitions, Titles, & EffectsTransitions Between Clips Click the Transitions button and select a transition style in the Transitions pane. Set the duration of the transition using the Speed slider. Set the direction you want the transition to st