语法填空专项之代词PPT

1、1语法填空专项（一）语法填空专项（一）代词代词2一、人称代词一、人称代词1)1)人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。342)人称代词有人称代词有主格和宾格主格和宾格之分。通常之分。通常主格作主格作主语主语，宾格作宾语宾格作宾语。如：。如： I like table tennis. （作主语）（作主语）Do you know him?（作宾语）（作宾语）3)人称代词还可作人称代词还可作表语表语。作。作表语时用宾格表语时用宾格。如：如：-Who is knocking at the door?-Its me.4)人称代词在人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行

2、之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用比较时，用主格和宾格主格和宾格都可以。如：都可以。如：He is older than me.He is older than I am. 5二、二、 物主代词物主代词1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。物主代词，如下表所示。 6 72)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，形容词，可在句中作可在句中作定语定语。例如：。例如： Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pe

3、ncil-box.3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词名词，在句，在句中可用作中可用作主语、宾语和表语主语、宾语和表语。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作（作主语）主语）- Is this English-book yours? （作表语）（作表语）- No. Mine is in my bag. Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）（作宾语） 8三、三、 反身代词反身代词o英语中用来表示英语中用来表示我自己我自己，你自己你自己

4、，他他自己自己，我们自己我们自己，你们自己你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。自身代名词，其形式如表所示。910 反身代词可以在句中作反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位宾语，表语，同位语。语。 1)作作宾语宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 He called himself a writer2)作作表语表语。It doesnt matter. Ill be myself soon 3)作主语或宾语的同位语作主语或宾

5、语的同位语，表示亲自或本，表示亲自或本人。人。 I myself washed the clothes11oenjoy oneselfomake oneself at homeomake oneself understoodheardofor oneself 为自己为自己oby oneself 独自地独自地oof oneself 自然地，自动地自然地，自动地The door opened of itself.The fire went out of itself.反身代词相关短语反身代词相关短语 12中文中文主格主格宾格宾格所有格所有格名词性物代名词性物代反身代词反身代词我我我们我们你你你们你

6、们他他她她它它他们他们 I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselvesyou you your yours yourselfyou you your yours yourselves he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itselfthey them their theirs themselves13四、四、 指示代词指示代词指示代词包括：指示代词包括：thisthis，thatthat，thesethese，thosethose。 1) this1) this和和

7、thesethese一般用来指一般用来指在时间或空间上在时间或空间上较近的事物或人较近的事物或人，thatthat和和thosethose则则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time 142)2)有时有时thatthat和和thosethose指前面指前面讲到过的事讲到过的事物物，this this 和和thesethese则是指则是指下面将要讲下面将要讲 到的事物

8、到的事物，例如：，例如：I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English153)有时有时为了避免重复提到的名词为了避免重复提到的名词，常可，常可用用that或或those代替，例如：代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai 4)this 在电话用语中代表自己在电话用语中代表自己，that

9、则则代表对方。例如：代表对方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 16The Use of “it”代词代词 it引导词引导词 itIt句型的归纳句型的归纳 Sentences With “it”17 1. 用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物 My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere.-Who is knocking at the door?- Its me.Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?代词代词 - it18 2

10、 用以代替指示代词用以代替指示代词this, that- Whats this?- Whose exercise-book is that? - Its hers.代词代词 - it- Its a flag.19 3. 表示时间、天气、距离表示时间、天气、距离季节、季节、 环境、情况等环境、情况等Its time for lunch.When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.Its about two hours from here to the zoo. Its winter now. It was very quiet (noisy) at

11、the moment. 代词代词 - it20 4. 作作形式主语形式主语，代替由不定式（或不定，代替由不定式（或不定式复合结构）、动名词或从句表示的真正式复合结构）、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。主语。 It is exciting to find an ancient tomb. (代代替不定式替不定式) It was wrong for you not to help her. (代代替不定式复合结构替不定式复合结构) It is believed that this man found in the grave was from a rich family.（代替主语（代替主语从句）从句

12、）21 5作作形式宾语形式宾语，代替由不定式、，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。He feels it his duty to help others.We thought it no use doing that.I find it difficult to solve the problem.22 6用在强调结构中。常用强调结构用在强调结构中。常用强调结构 “It is (was) + 被强调成分被强调成分+ that (或或who) ”I saw Li Ping in the street yesterday.23It was I that / wh

13、o saw Li Ping in the street this morning.It was Li Ping that I saw in the street this morning.It was in the street that I saw Li Ping this morning.It was yesterday that I saw Li Ping in the street.24引导词引导词 - it强调强调not until结构时将此结构置结构时将此结构置于于It is (was) that句型中，句型中，that后接肯定式。后接肯定式。I didnt go to bed u

14、ntil I had finished my homework last night.It was that not until I had finished my homework last night I went to bed.251. It + be + adj. + of sb. + 不定式不定式sb. + be + adj. + 不定式不定式 It is very kind of you to help us. ( = You are kind to help us. ) Its cruel of him to kill that animal.It句型的归纳句型的归纳clever

15、, bright, foolish, stupid, silly, wise, careful, careless, rude, impolite, nice, right, wrong, silly, good, brave, honest ,etc. 262. It + be + adj. + for sb. +to do It is difficult for us to learn English.It is important for her to come to the party. 常见的形容词有：常见的形容词有： important， necessary， natural ea

16、sy ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant ,etc. 273. It + takes + sb. + some time +to do 表示表示“做某事花费某人多长时间做某事花费某人多长时间” It took him some time to find the elephant. sb. + spend + some time + (in) doingHe spent some time (in) finding the elephant.4.It co

17、sts + sb. + some money +to do285. It is + no use + 动名词动名词It is no use regretting your past mistakes.It is no use crying over split milk. It is no good learning English without speaking English. 能以能以动名词动名词作主语的这类句子并不多，作主语的这类句子并不多，主要在以主要在以no good, no use, useless, worthwhile, 等词作表语的句子中用。等词作表语的句子中用。296.

18、 It + be + adj. /n. + that-clauseIt is very clear that hes tall like a tree. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.Adj: obvious, necessary，right，strange， natural, trueN: a fact, a shame, an honor, no wonder307. It + be + 过去分词过去分词 + that-clauseIt is said that he has been ill for years.适用于这种句型

19、的动词有适用于这种句型的动词有report, announce, decide, learn, expect, arrange, suggest, etc.He is said to have been ill for years.318. It + looks as if / seems + that-clauseIt seems that they are talking. 用于这种句型的动词用于这种句型的动词happen, turn out, appears等等It happened that she was not at home.It turned out that he was B

20、ushs father.It looks as if he is ill.329. It is the first ( second . ) time that . 该句型中的该句型中的 that 从句用完成时态。至于用从句用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，句则用过去完成时态，It is the first time I have been here. = This is th

21、e first time I have been here. It was the first time I had been here. 3310. It + be + time + for It + be + time + (for sb.) + to do It + be + time + that 表示表示“该做某事了该做某事了” It is time for supper. It is time (for us ) to have supper. It is time that we had supper. that从句中要用虚拟语气从句中要用虚拟语气 Its time that t

22、his problem was / should be solved34Practice time35 五、不定代词：五、不定代词： o some anyo onebothallo manymuch o few littlea fewa littleo eacheveryo eitherneithero otherothers the other the others another36 (1)some与与any：some一般用于肯定句中一般用于肯定句中，但在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回，但在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时，可用于疑问句中；答时，可用于疑问句中；any一般用于否一般用于否

23、定和疑问句中，但当定和疑问句中，但当any强调强调“任何任何”时时，也可用于肯定句中。，也可用于肯定句中。同理，同理，something，somebody，someone的的用法同用法同some；anything，anybody，anyone的用法同的用法同any。 37o用法用法： some用于肯定句中用于肯定句中,用于单数可数名词前表示用于单数可数名词前表示“某某一一”。 I have some friends. Smith went to some place in England.（定语）（定语） o在期待对方回答在期待对方回答yes 时，时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句用在表示请

24、求或邀请的问句中。中。 Would you like some bananas?（邀请）（邀请） Mum could you give me some money?(请求请求) oany用于疑问句和否定句用于疑问句和否定句 。 Is there any student in the classroom? No ,there isnt any student.o any用于肯定句表示用于肯定句表示“任何任何”的意思。的意思。 Any day is okay for me. 38one,both,all oone指人或物，指人或物，“一个一个”，其复数为，其复数为ones, This is not

25、 the one I want.(表语表语) oboth指人或指物，指人或指物，“两者都两者都” 如：如： This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语定语) Both my parents like this film. oall “全部的全部的”、“整个的整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，可与可数或不可数名词连用，表示表示“所有的所有的”、“全部的全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。，指三个或三个以上的人或物。 He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。他把全部的钱给了我。 All the scho

26、ols are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。所有的学校都被淹了。 39注意：注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用全否定用none。如：。如： Not all the ants go out for food. All the ants dont go out for food. 并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。 None of the money is mine. 这钱一分也不是我的。这钱一分也不是我的。 40many和和much few, little; a few, a little ofew和和little

27、表示没有多少，含表示没有多少，含否定意义；而否定意义；而a few 和和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，义。另外，few、a few 修饰修饰可数名词；可数名词；little、a little修饰修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。定语、主语和宾语。41each和和every oeach（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，物，侧重个体侧重个体. every（每个），指三个或（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，三个以上的人或物，侧重整体侧重整体，在句中只能，在句中只能作作定

28、语定语。 Every student in our class has a dictionary.(定语，定语，强调班上强调班上“所有的人所有的人”) Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，定语，强调各个个体强调各个个体） Each of them has been there.（主语主语） The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（宾语宾语） We each got a ticket.（同位语同位语） 42either和和neither oeither是是“两者中任何一个两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，代替单数可数名词，neither是是“两者中没有一个两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：句在作主语、宾语或定语。如： Here are two pen