2018版高考英语大一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists复习练案新人教版必修5

1、 Un it 1 Great scie ntists 重习练案 - 【规范养成】 - I 阅读理解 A （2016 青岛市二模）|导学号 42492471 Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human-to-human contact.The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an ani mal system to un dersta nd how it

2、 gains stre ngth.This virus is resp on sible for the curre nt outbreak in West Africa.They found that in itially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission（ 传送）into other animals caused the vi rus to “hot up ” and become more severe. The team an alyzed the viruses

3、 at differe nt stages and were able to ide ntify several cha nges in its gen etic material that were associated with in creased disease. Professor Julia n Hiscox, who led the study from the Uni versitys In stitute of Infection and Global Health, explains: “The work tells us that the evolutionary goa

4、l of Ebola virus is to become more fatal _ . ” “ We were able to show through gen etic an alysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process.The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such cha nges in an outbreak as well as develop future treatme nt strategies. ” Pro

5、fessor Roger Hews on, leadi ng the study from Public Health En gla nd, Port on Dow n, said: “ Ebola virus is such a destruc tive infection to the people affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa. ” “ Our un dersta nding of Ebola virus biology is way beh ind that of other viruses and our

6、 cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists skills to close this kn owledge gap. ” Professor Miles Carroll, a co-author of the work, said: “This study has allowed the team to be at the forefront of developing methodologies to analyze patient samples recen tly take n by the Europea n

7、 Mobile Laboratory from West Africa to un dersta nd disease evolutio n duri ng the curre nt outbreak. ” 文章大意：本文是医疗科研报告。文章主要讲述了关于埃博拉病毒的研究进展情况，该 病毒与什么有关系，该如何控制该病的疫情。 2 1. What does the first paragraph mainly tell us ? _C_3 A. How severe Ebola virus is. B. How Ebola virus spreads. C. How Ebola virus gr

8、adually becomes deadly. D. What contributions scientists have made on Ebola virus. 解析：主旨大意题。A 项埃博拉病毒有多严重； B 项埃博拉病毒是如何传播的； C 项埃博 拉病毒是如何变得致命的；D 项科学家们为埃博拉病毒做出了什么样的贡献。根据题干关键 词 the first paragraph。通读第一段， 并根据第一句话 Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans a

9、nd then from human-to-human con tact 可知该段的大意是埃博拉病毒是如何逐渐变得致命的。故选 Co 2. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage ? _B_ A. In the first stage, the virus hurts its victims much. B. As the virus spreads, itll change and become more and more deadly. C. The research in Ebola virus is m

10、ore advaneed than that in other viruses. D. The scientists have a negative attitude to the research in Ebola virus. 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的 They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission（ 传送）into other animals caused the virus to “hot up ” and beco

11、me more severe 中的关键词 initially 可知 A 是错误的； 根据文章的倒数第二段 Our un dersta nding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists skills to close this knowledge gap. ”排除 C;根据文章最后三段可排除 D； 根据文章第一段的最后一句话的后半句 succeeding transmission（

12、传送）into other animals caused the virus to “ hot up ” and become more severe 可知选 B。 3. The underlined word “fatal ” has the closest mea ning to _B_. A. optimistic B. deadly C. com mon D. fantastic 解析：词义猜测题。optimistic 乐观的；deadly 致命的；common常见的；fantastic 奇异的。根据文章第四段的 The information we have gathered wil

13、l now allow us to monitor for such cha nges in an outbreak as well as develop future treatme nt strategies 4 4. Where can we probably read this passage ? A A. In a scienee report. 解析：细节理解题。In a science report 在科技报告上；In a storybook 在故事书中;该段的 the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus fatal 是致命的。故选 Bo 可知埃博拉

14、病毒变得更加致命。由此推断 B. In a storybook. C. In an advertisement. D. In a textbook. 5 In an advertisement 在一个广告中；In a textbook 在课本中。通读全文，并根据文章介绍 埃博拉病毒的研究进程判断选 A。 B （2017 临沂市一模）|导学号 42492472 Drive through any suburb in the U. S.today ，and its hard to miss the bins that have become compa nions to Americas tras

15、h can s.Recycli ng has become com mon place , as people recognize the need to care for the environment.Yet most peoples recycling consciousness extends only as far as paper, bottles , and cans.People seldom find themselves facing the grow ing problem of e-waste. E-waste rapidly in creases as the tec

16、h no-fashi on able freque ntly upgrade to the most advaneed devices , and the majority of them end up in Iandfills（ 垃圾填埋地 ）.Some people who track such waste say that users throw away n early 2 milli on tons of TVs , VCRs computers , cell phones , and other electronics every year.Unless we can find a

17、 safe replacement , this e-waste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins（ 毒素）,such as lead , mercury, and arsenic.Burning the waste also dangerously contaminates the air. However, e-wa ste often contains reusable silver , gold , and other electrical materials.Recycling the

18、se materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both Iandfill waste and the need to look for such metals , which can destroy ecosystems. A growing number of states have adopted laws to ban dumping（倾倒）e-waste.Still , less than a quarter of this refuse will reach lawful recycling programs.Some

19、 companies advertis ing safe disposal（ 处置）in fact merely ship the waste to some develop ing countries , where it still ends up in Iandfills.These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an out-of-sight , out-of-mind location. However, the small but growing number of cities a

20、nd corporations that do handle e-waste resp on sibly represe nts progress toward mak ing the world a clea ner, better place for us all. 文章大意：电子垃圾问题应该引起重视。 5. What can we infer from the first paragraph ? A A. Many America ns now have access to recycli ng bins. B. E-waste cannot be put into trash cans

21、 in the U . S. 6 C. Most America ns have realized the dan gers of e-waste. D. Most of Americas trash cans are made of recycled material. 解析：推理判断题。由第一段第一句话可推知，许多美国人。7 7. How does t he author feel about burying e-waste in Iandfills ? _B_ A. Its important. B. Its unsafe. C. Its acceptable. D. Its un co

22、m mon. 解析：细节理解题。由第二段第三句话Un less we can find a safe replaceme nt this e-waste may get into the ground and pois on the water. ” 可推知，作者认为填埋电子 垃圾是不安全的。 8. Whats the authors purpose in writing this text ？ _D_ A. To tell us how to recycle e-waste. B. To talk about the future of e-waste. C. To discuss if i

23、ts necessary to recycle e-waste. D. To encourage us to deal with e-waste properly. 解析：推理判断题。由文章大意可知。 II .语法填空|导学号 42492473 阅读下列短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017 甘肃省部分普通高中第一次联考 ) The truth _1.that trees are vital to our life is not a secret.They provide us with food, wood and most _2.importan tly

24、(importa nt), oxyge n.Now there is one more thi ng we can add to this list block ing out harmful bacteria from water. The discovery _3.was made_(make) by a team 4.consisting (consist) of scie ntists from the Massachusetts In stitute of Tech no logy (MIT) and high school stude nts _5.who/that were se

25、ek ing a n atural water filter one that would help com mun ities in develop ing coun tries that do not have _6.access_(accessible) to moder n water filter systems. The _7.researchers (research), led by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided to turn to trees for help because they could allow liquid to flow

26、through, while block ing out air bubbles. A_ A. Pollutes. B. Heats. C. Absorbs. D. Reduces. 解析：猜测词义题。燃烧垃圾严重污染空气。 6. What can best replace the underlined word contaminates ” in Paragraph 2 ? 8 They bega n by cutt ing 1.5-i nch-wide sect ions of tree bark from the bran ches of a white pine tree.The pe

27、ople related then tested the woods filtering ability by pouring water containing red dye particles of different sizes through._8.To their amazeme nt, they found that it was effective in trapp ing all the articles._9.Encouraged_(en courage), the team con ducted _10.another_ experime nt, this time wit

28、h water that contained bacteria.Sure eno ugh, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through. 文章大意：树木作用巨大。最新研究表明，它们能去除水中的细菌。 1 命题立意：考查同位语从句。 解析：此处是同位语从句，又因为从句中不缺少成分，故选用从属连词 that o 2 命题立意：考查形容词和副词的转换。 解析：此处 most importantly 是在修饰谓语动词 provide，故用副词。句意为他们为 我们提供了食物和木头，更重要的是提供了

29、氧气”。 3. 命题立意：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。 解析：此处指上文中的新发现是由一个被几个科学家组成的队伍做出的， the discovery 和 make 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。由本句话可知，用一般过去时。 4 命题立意：考查非谓语动词。 解析：此处是现在分词短语consisting of scientists ”作后置定语，修饰 team。因 为被修饰词 team 和 consist 之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词。 5. 命题立意：考查定语从句。 解析：分析句子可知此处为 who/that 引导的定语从句，因为先行词是 students，并且 students 在后面的定语从句

30、中充当主语，故用 who/that 。 6. 命题立意：考查形容词和名词的转换。 解析：have access to ，意思为“使用，接近，可以利用”，是固定搭配。 7. 命题立意：考查动词和名词的转换。 解析：分析该句结构可知，谓语动词为 decided，那么能发出这个动作的主语应该为 researchers 研究人员，研究者。 &命题立意：考查介词。 解析：to on es amazeme nt ，是固定结构，表示“令某人惊讶的是”。 举一反三：类似的用法有 to on es delight ，令人高兴的是， to on es relief ，令人 9 欣慰的等等。“ to + o

31、n es +情感名词”是英语中一个十分有用的结构， 主要表示某人由 于某事的发生而唤起其内心的某种情感，通常译为“令某人的是” “使某人感到的 是”。 9. 命题立意：考查非谓语动词。 解析：此处为分词作状语，主语 team 与 encourage 之间是动宾关系，故选用过去分词 encouraged 。 10. 命题立意：考查代词。 解析：根据上文可知关于此事做过实验，这次是除了上次以外的另一个实验，故用 another，表示另一个”。 出.短文改错|导学号 42492474 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有 10 处错误，每句中最多有两处。错

32、误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A ），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2 .只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 （201 6 河北衡水中学测试） Alexander was a military genius or great explorer.But he also had a great ambiti on.He wan ted to rule a country that people could live in

33、peace with one another.From 330 to 327 B. C., Alexander led his soldier east, through Afghanistan and into Central Asia.As he travel, he built more cities.He ordered soldiers, merchants, and scholars from many lands to settle here. In 326 B . C.Alexander turned south, into In dia.But by now his men

34、were tired and weak.They were far home in an unknown Ian d.The soldiers refused to go farther.U nwilli ngly, Alexa nder turned back.By 323 B.C., he reached for Baby Ion in prese nt-day Iraq.There he caught the fever and died at the age of 33.His country was divided betwee n his gen erals. 答案： Alexander was a military genius 空 great explorer.But he also had a great and ambiti on.He wan ted to rule a country that people could live in peace with one where another.From 330 to 327 B. C., Alexander led his soldier east, through Afghanistan soldiers 10 and into Cen tral