(完整版)unit7whytheproblem

1、Part I Warming upA.Tapescript:1. Help the oldThe elderly at home and in the neighborhood, especially those living alone, need your care and support.Show your concern and attend to their needs wherever possible. Your support warms their hearts andbrings them hope. If you find any elderly people in ne

2、ed of help, call the Social Welfare Department hotline on 23432255 or contact the nearby Family Services Center.2. Keep Hong Kong cleanHong Kong not only is one of the worlds greatest cities, its also our home. So lets all start taking morepride in its appearance. Lets keep Hong Kong clean.3. For a

3、better societyAt different stages of life, we have different roles to play. As good citizens, we are willing to do our partfor a better society.4. Dont litterYou can try walking away from litter, but you cant walk away from a fine. Use the bin or risk a$ 25,000 fine and six months imprisonment.5. Ai

4、ds hot lineWe are about to use a 4-letter word. This word can clear a room. This word makes some people sick.This word leaves others in disgust. Some people pretend it doesnt exist. Others wish it would go away.You wont hear it in mixed company. You wont hear it used at home. And you certainly wont

5、hear it inschools. The fact is if more people use this word, less people would be affected by it.6. Equal opportunitiesTrue harmony can only exist when men and women have equal opportunities. Sex discriminationdestroys this harmony and is unlawful. Stand up for equal opportunity. The equal opportuni

6、tiescommission hot line: 25118211.7. For your healthWhen traveling abroad, you should take preventive measures against cholera, hepatitis A and otherdiarrheal diseases. Drink only boiled water or bottled and canned drinks. Avoid eating cut fruits or fruitsthat are not cleansed. When you take shellfi

7、sh, make sure they are thoroughly cooked. Always keep aneye on food hygiene. Please stay healthy.OutlineI. Violent crimeA. Including robbery, assault, murder, rapeB. Murder rate: twice as high as 30 years agoC. Violent crime rate in general: increased 23% (in the same time period)II. White-collar cr

8、imeA. Including embezzlement, bribery, Political corruption, corporate policies that endanger workers andthe publicB. White-collar crime rate in general: increasedIII. Solutions:A. Family: through socialization - leading children to respect themselves, others, and the values of thesocietyB. Governme

9、nt.1. By helping people to feel that they are part of the society instead of its victims2. By instilling the fear of punishment in those who might become criminalsTapescript:Looking into crime and violence in the United States is likeopening the proverbial can of worms. So many different problems em

10、erge from the can that yousometimes feel the more you know, the less you understand. What is very clear and indisputable,however, is that violent crime has increased greatly in the United States in recent decades. By violentcrime, I mean crimes like robbery, assault, murder, and rape. The murder rat

11、e is twice as high as 30years ago, and violent crime in general has increased 23 percent in the same time period. What is alsoclear is that the general public is afraid - afraid of becoming victims of violent crime. Statistics areharder to come by for white-collar crime, crimes including embezzlemen

12、t, bribery, political corruption,and corporate policies that endanger workers and the public. But many experts agree that there hasbeen an increase in white-collar crime, too.As for solutions, I think most of us would agree that the family can play a role in reducing crime in theUnited States: throu

13、gh socialization, which leads children to respect themselves, others, and the valuesof their society. Moreover, I think society, in the form of government, has a role to play in reducing crime:by helping people to feel that they are part of the society instead of its victims. The government, in thef

14、orm of the justice system, can also contribute to curbing crime by instilling the fear of punishment inthose who might become criminals.PartIIA.1. What are the two aspects mentioned concerning the nature of gambling addicts?-Coming from homes lacking love / looking for wants of family love and paren

15、tal approval-Unconsciously wanting to lose2. In what ways can gambling addicts hopefully be cured?-By psychiatric treatment-By word therapy-By help from organizations like Gamblers AnonymousTapescript:Compulsive gamblers almost always come from homes lacking (in) love. As a result, the child grows u

16、pstill looking for the wants of family love and parental approval. Another aspect to the nature of thegambling addict is that unconsciously he wants to lose.Psychiatrists believe that compulsive gamblers consciously may expect to win. However, theres astrong element of self-destruction in an inclina

17、tion to continue betting until all is lost. One New Yorkpsychiatrist believes that basically the compulsive gambler is seeking an answer to the question: Doyou love me? By winning, he receives a yes answer. However the gambler cannot accept the yes hesometimes receives because it is contrary to the

18、reality of his or her unhappy childhood, one lacking (in)family love. The gamblers compelled to continue betting, thus expressing again and again his need forlove and acceptance. When gambling addicts do win some money, they rarely spend any of it on theirfamilies. Money is like a sacred thing to th

19、e addicts. It is reserved for one thing: placing a bet.Fortunately, theres hope and help today for gambling addicts. Psychiatric treatment is onepossibility. Word therapy seems to help in some cases. The most readily availableand the leastexpensive help comes from an organization called Gamblers Ano

20、nymous (GA). GA has more than 90chapters in the U.S. with about 3,000 gamblers seeking a cure. One basic rule of GA is the gamblersmust pay back all their debts, even it takes many years to do so. Thousands of members credit GA withsaving them from their addiction, and helping them to build new live

21、s free from the gambling sickness.Happily, today, with more public interest in helping the gambling addict overcome his problem, and withsuch organizations as the GA, the gambler who wants help to break his addiction, now has some placeor some one to turn to.B. SummaryThough in almost all the states

22、 in America, parents are held responsible for their kids misdeeds atschools like destroying ?school property or missing school, only 13 states hold parents criminally liablewhen their kids commit crimes, such as dealing in drugs, weapons possession and gang banging.More lawmakers are saying parents

23、should be jailed or fined when their kids commit a crime, becausethe most important influence on the development of a child is the parent. But parenting is not an easything. And it gets harder as kids get older. When a child becomes a teenager, parents involvement withtheir children under education

24、drops sharply. By 15 to 16 years of age, children are treated asquasi-adults and many of them lead very separate life that parents are not fully informed of.Parental liability laws will not work unless theyre part of a much larger effort that includes more helps forparents in raising their children.

25、 Experts say whats most needed now is a thorough review of theeffectiveness of such laws.Tapescript:In just about every state, parents are held responsible for certain misdeeds of their children, especiallyfor school related, like destroying school property or missing school. But when kids commit cr

26、imeswhether its dealing in drugs, weapons possession or gang banging, only 13 states hold parentscriminally liable. Now in the wake of the Colorado shootings, more lawmakers are saying parentsshould be jailed or fined when their kids commit a crime. And there seems to be a certain logic to thistrend

27、. The most important influence on the development of a child is the parent.What people really want is good parenting. The question is. Can state legislatures legislate goodparenting?How do you legislate good parenting? And how far should we go with that?There should be a law that does punish parents

28、 for leaving a loaded gun around accessible for children.Thats something you can hold me accountable for. But when you tell me I should raise a child in away., in a way that that child will not have bad thoughts or be depressed, or not hang around with thewrong kids, you are trying to legislate some

29、thing that you know. Parenting is not an easy thing. This isa hard job.And it gets harder as kids get older. Study shows that when a child becomes a teenager, parentsinvolvement with their children under education drops sharply. This complicates matters with the courtsif they are to prove that paren

30、ts should have known about the childs intentions to commit a crime orstop the child from doing it.By 15 to 16 years of age, children in this country are treated as quasi-adults.We also have young people of that age leading very separate life that parents are not fully informed of.Many of those young

31、 people are working. They have a strong peer group affiliation. Perhaps we mighthave some idealistic view that a law will then force parents to hold daily sessions with their children, askthem what they are doing. I just dont think thats going to work.Parent liability laws will not work unless theyr

32、e part of a much larger effort that includes more help forparents in raising their children, whether they want it or not.A judge can require a parent to go through psychological testing if the judge sees that there would besome merit not only in helping the child in their situation, but also helping

33、 the home situation.According to the National Association of State Legislatures, half a dozen states are expected to take upthe issue of parental liability this year. Family law experts say that whats most needed now is athorough review of the effectiveness of such laws, before more putting in place

34、, because as far, theysimply dont seem to be deterring school shootings, let alone bad parenting.Part III Drug therapyA. You are going to hear a report about drug therapy.A1.1. What is the worry put forward by a United Nations drug agency?. Some legal prescription drugs arebeing taken in worrying qu

35、antities in the West.2. What problems are growing in developed countries?In developed countries, the prevalence of anxiety and insomnia and the consumption of sedativehypnotics are growing3. What kind of drugs are often given hastily?Drugs to treat psychological disorders are often given hastily, an

36、d without considering the underlyingcauses of the patients problem.4. Why is Professor Steven Rose worried? And what is his fear? Advances in biochemistry are beingused to mask what children really need - more discipline or more care. And Prof. Rose is afraid thatWestern culture is now so wedded to

37、pharmaceutical answers, patients and parents are unwilling toaccept that drugs are not the answer to everything.A2.Areas of treatment Supporting examplesOvereating Carol - compulsive eater / 115 kilosAdifax- slimming drug /only as emergency treatment /but prescribed long periodsBadly behaved childre

38、n Young people - depressionProzac - instant relief / frightening dreams/ suicidal feelings / dangers emerge/ long- term effect?ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder)Reese - learning difficulties / lose temper /aggressiveRitalin - power amphetamine / helpcontrol temper / do better at schoolTapescript.A Uni

39、ted Nations drug agency has warned that legal prescription drugs like Viagra, steroids, and dietpills are being taken in worrying quantities in the West. Dan Damon now asks whether people in theindustrialized world really are in need of medication for illnesses like depression or whether its simplyb

40、ecoming easier and more socially acceptable to try and correct mood and behavior through controlleddrugs.Generally, we think drug problems are something to do with contraband, and illicit street corner deals.But, the International Narcotics Control Board, which monitors the effectiveness of governme

41、ntmeasures to control the illegal drugs trade also checks the use of prescription pharmaceuticals. Andhere too, there are serious problems.In developed countries, the prevalence of anxiety and insomnia and the consumption of sedativehypnotics are growing. The Board notes with concern the frequent lo

42、ng term use, sometimesindefinitely, of psychotropic substances for treating psychological reactions to social pressure, without adiagnosis for a specific disorder.The Narcotics Boards recently published Annual Report for last year is a detailed review of how drugsto treat psychological disorders, in

43、cluding depression, aggressive behavior, and overeating are oftengiven hastily, and without considering the underlying causes of the patients problems.Carol was a compulsive eater who never felt full. She reached 18 stone, thats more than 115 kilos. Shewas prescribed the slimming drug Adifax, which

44、used only to be available as an emergency treatmentfor just a few days, but is now prescribed over long periods.Another controversial area for the use of drug therapy involves badly behaved children. In America,young people suffering from depression are increasingly being given the drug Prozac.For m

45、any children, some as young as 7, it provides instant relief from frightening dreams, and suicidalfeelings. But, dangers are emerging. The drug works by increasing production in the brain of thechemical serotonin, but we dont know the long-term effect of that, especially in children.And an even more

46、 contentious area is whats called Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Ten-year-oldReese has been diagnosed with learning difficulties by an educational psychologist. Hes also prone tolose his temper quickly, and be aggressive. His parents found a consultant who was willing to try Ritalin,a power amphe

47、tamine. Ritalin has helped Reese to control his temper, and hes doing better at school.Professor Steven Rose from Britains Oakland University is worried that advances in biochemistry arebeing used to mask what children really need - more discipline or more care. And Professor Rose isafraid that West

48、ern culture is now so wedded to pharmaceutical answers, patients and parents areunwilling to accept that drugs are not the answer to everything.B.1. How does the time credit system - Time Banking - work?Patients are linked together with a time broker who involves them in projects to build up time credits.2. What is the advantage of Time Banking?Where money is short, this kind of time credit system can bring people with social problems a lot ofbenefit.3. What do themes like Time Banking remind us of?Themes like that do remind us that chemicals are only part of t